Skip to main content <#maincontent>
We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us!
Internet Archive logo A line drawing of the Internet Archive
headquarters building façade.
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Upload icon An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing
arrow. Upload
User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up
| Log in
Web icon An illustration of a computer application window
Wayback Machine
Texts icon An illustration of an open book.
Books
Video icon An illustration of two cells of a film strip.
Video
Audio icon An illustration of an audio speaker.
Audio
Software icon An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.
Software
Images icon An illustration of two photographs.
Images
Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape
Donate
Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses.
More
Hamburger icon An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by
interacting with this icon.
Internet Archive Audio
Live Music Archive Librivox Free
Audio
Featured
* All Audio
* This Just In
* Grateful Dead
* Netlabels
* Old Time Radio
* 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings
Top
* Audio Books & Poetry
* Computers, Technology and Science
* Music, Arts & Culture
* News & Public Affairs
* Spirituality & Religion
* Podcasts
* Radio News Archive
Images
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Featured
* All Images
* This Just In
* Flickr Commons
* Occupy Wall Street Flickr
* Cover Art
* USGS Maps
Top
* NASA Images
* Solar System Collection
* Ames Research Center
Software
Internet Arcade Console
Living Room
Featured
* All Software
* This Just In
* Old School Emulation
* MS-DOS Games
* Historical Software
* Classic PC Games
* Software Library
Top
* Kodi Archive and Support File
* Vintage Software
* APK
* MS-DOS
* CD-ROM Software
* CD-ROM Software Library
* Software Sites
* Tucows Software Library
* Shareware CD-ROMs
* Software Capsules Compilation
* CD-ROM Images
* ZX Spectrum
* DOOM Level CD
Books
Books to Borrow Open Library
Featured
* All Books
* All Texts
* This Just In
* Smithsonian Libraries
* FEDLINK (US)
* Genealogy
* Lincoln Collection
Top
* American Libraries
* Canadian Libraries
* Universal Library
* Project Gutenberg
* Children's Library
* Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Books by Language
* Additional Collections
Video
TV News Understanding 9/11
Featured
* All Video
* This Just In
* Prelinger Archives
* Democracy Now!
* Occupy Wall Street
* TV NSA Clip Library
Top
* Animation & Cartoons
* Arts & Music
* Computers & Technology
* Cultural & Academic Films
* Ephemeral Films
* Movies
* News & Public Affairs
* Spirituality & Religion
* Sports Videos
* Television
* Videogame Videos
* Vlogs
* Youth Media
Search the history of over 835 billion web pages
on the Internet.
Search the Wayback Machine
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Mobile Apps
* Wayback Machine (iOS)
* Wayback Machine (Android)
Browser Extensions
* Chrome
* Firefox
* Safari
* Edge
Archive-It Subscription
* Explore the Collections
* Learn More
* Build Collections
Save Page Now
Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in
the future.
Please enter a valid web address
* About
* Blog
* Projects
* Help
* Donate
* Contact
* Jobs
* Volunteer
* People
* Sign up for free
* Log in
Search metadata
Search text contents
Search TV news captions
Search radio transcripts
Search archived web sites
Advanced Search
* About
* Blog
* Projects
* Help
* Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape
* Contact
* Jobs
* Volunteer
* People
Full text of "Transparency in the information age : the Lobbyist
Registration Act in the 21st century
"
See other formats
3 1761 11970860 0
LU
CA | ea
XC 67
eo I.
Tes
HOUSE OF COMMONS
CANADA
TRANSPARENCY IN THE INFORMATION AGE:
THE LOBBYISTS REGISTRATION ACT
IN THE 21st CENTURY
Standing Committee on
Industry, Science and Technology
Susan Whelan, M.P.
Chair
June 2001
The Speaker of the House hereby grants permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part, for use in
schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary. Any
commercial or other use or reproduction of this publication requires the express prior written authorization of the
Speaker of the House of Commons.
If this document contains excerpts or the full text of briefs presented to the Committee, permission to reproduce these
briefs in whole or in part, must be obtained from their authors.
Also available on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire: http://www.parl.gc.ca
Available from Public Works and Government Services Canada — Publishing, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9
TRANSPARENCY IN THE INFORMATION AGE:
THE LOBBYIST REGISTRATION ACT
IN THE 21st CENTURY
Standing Committee on
Industry, Science and Technology
Susan Whelan, M.P.
Chair
June 2001
STANDING COMMITTEE ON
INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHAIR
Susan Whelan
VICE-CHAIRS
Walt Lastewka
Charlie Penson
MEMBERS
Reg Alcock Marlene Jennings
Mauril Bélanger Preston Manning
Pierre Brien Dan McTeague
Scott Brison James Rajotte
John Cannis Andy Savoy
Beverly Desjarlais Paddy Torsney
Jocelyne Girard-Bujold
CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE
Richard Dupuis
RESEARCH STAFF
Parliamentary Research Branch, Library of Parliament
Geoffrey P. Kieley
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2023 with funding from —
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/31/61119708600
THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
has the honour to present its
FOURTH REPORT
Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), the Standing Committee on Industry, Science
and Technology proceeded to the statutory review of the Lobbyists Registration Act. After
hearing evidence, the Committee has agreed to report to the House as follows:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAIR'S FOREWORD. cco ee eee 1
INTRODUCTION ere eee ets SNS eee 5
1? Scope of:the:Studys. em. hath. es RARE rN Po ER ance 5
2: Evaluating the Récommendations "RE een ee ene 3)
3... Overview of the:Systen-tcc. 51.2 eee ene eee mee es coe 6
4<= Issues for DISCUSSION «cc. c56c.:.2..cccch sco geen eee ee nn a 74
CHAPTER 1 — THE REGISTRY — COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT................ 9
1 Compliance and'Enforcementéee ere Re Re 9
(a) Thé'Role/Of he Ethics "Counsellor tes seme meri ener nce ee cere ee Vi
(b)"Problems*or Interpretation eee eee 14
(c) Two-Year Limitation on Summary Conviction Proceedings..…......................……. 16
CHAPTER 2 — THE LOBBYISTS REGISTRY — REGISTERING
AND UPDATING vex:5. 3.c8 geek. Ale Ses CP Ores Nr cee ery 21
1. An “Organization” Approach to "Corporate" Lobbyists ........................................ 21
2. “Qualitative” Registration: SR ee 22
3. Closing, Loopholes: met Rmmen RE eee eee ner Ne en 23
A VANti-AVOIG ANCE ss insivacaascvsuersssesyorsescs sotto ad nee ANR AOE LE Te CRETE 24
5. UpdatingfilingSsacses2 eee ee 6 tere baad Be cael ate ates 25
6. Penalties TASSE eek Eee ee ee ce eee een eet een ee See ee 28
CHAPTER 3 — DISCLOSURE AND TRANSPARENCY ….......................................... 31
1,- Dual -Reporting:-SyStemy ic. treri resi tes tere eae rent MR nr 32
9. Identifying Individual CON AS te cattespcenedersaieeeee tea eeepc 30
3. . Organizational Disclosure Her etre ree ce Seale rete cre ree OL
4:1 Spending’ Disclosure sae Aer RE aden t eee re teen enter 37
5 Fee DiSChoSure . ici cccictecs teense ues cee sore te cea ter eee eee ee eee 39
6. - Contingency. Fees... ei dive sania Seiten ean aia ree eg nek ohn 40
Vii
Te * LAXSDCUUCUDINTVIOTSLODDYIIGIFCCS "0.2 Ce neeDee 40
Sr Solicitor-Client- CONPGEMtAllty ....0.2c5scs.cceeageousasacceecttees Oss er D 41
CHAPTER 4 — CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT ....... 45
1% Chinese Walls? sine iii conde leads ee tetas EE RES 46
28 «Pre-empting CONlICR Einstein e ene ee ae 48
32... The Cooling. Off. Period. RME RE Em Si
42 Integrity.and Access.to Government... "Om MARINE MERS 53
CHAPTER 5 — POLICY MAKING IN THE INFORMATION AGE — LOBBYING,
ACCESS'AND:THE!NTERNET: SR eer rere eee O7
1: The Powerofthe-internets.siunmminr sms Names rer Df.
25: A Challenge for Governments: ic..2.... 52. -tsaceccses apn. Reus eee enn ieee eee 58
3) Raising Public AWwareness:.;..... "2e RE 59
4... The Role of Parliamentarians. 3. RE ree 61
CONCLUSION fesse scree an ne rec ce ree eee oe eee ec eee 63
LIST. OF RECOMMENDATIONS fein. c2eccccene tects fetes tee nce eee ee 65
APPENDIX A: LIST OF WITNESSES... aiszagns..)..0).9GR00A. MONS Ie ne 74
REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE. ..…........................................................ 73
DISSENTING OPINION: BLOC QUÉBÉCOIS... ifs
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS ooo. ous ceccconcut ete ee 79
Viil
CHAIR’S FOREWORD
In March of 2001 the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry,
Science and Technology undertook the four-year review of the administration and
operation of the Lobbyists Registration Act. The Committee approached the hearings with
a broad mandate, allowing the issues to emerge from the discussion itself. While the
Minister did request that we look at a few particular issues, the Committee did not limit
itself to these but rather heard evidence on a wide range of issues. Our role was to
determine if the lobbyists registration system is working well. This was addressed in the
context of the four key principles set out in the Act’s preamble:
e free and open access to government is an important matter of public interest:
e lobbying public office holders is a legitimate activity;
e it is desirable that public office holders and the public be able to know who is
attempting to influence government;
e asystem of registration of paid lobbyists should not impede free and open access
to government.
The question, then, for the Committee’s consideration was this: is the Act working
to achieve in practice the right balance of the four principles? The inquiry often took us
well beyond the Lobbyists Registration Act, into issues of ethics in government and
conflict of interest; of election financing and the real nature of influence and, perhaps
most importantly, transparency.
But what do we mean when we say “transparency”? The word means many
different things in the context of modern government: it means that the process by which
government makes decisions must be one that people can understand, a process which
they can access, a process which provides them with the opportunity to make their voices
heard, and to have their say in the laws that will govern and affect their lives. As well,
transparency means that the public should be able to find out exactly who is talking to
government, and what they are talking about. For that reason, understanding
transparency means broadening the discussion beyond narrow questions of how much
information lobbyists should be required to disclose; of course, that discussion must also
take place. It is important that the public has enough information to know what is going on
in government. But, even more importantly, the discussion must be about how we can
ensure that all Canadians — not just those working within a kilometre of Parliament
Hill — can have real, meaningful input in the process by which they are governed.
Perhaps one of the most important ideas to emerge from our discussions is how
the Internet is changing the way policy is made, and the way people are talking to their
government. Members of Parliament, of course, have already begun to experience a
significant increase in E-mail from constituents. The Committee heard that, currently, at
least one government department provides on its Web site a “consultations” portal — at
the click of a mouse, Canadians can now make their views known and not just to their
Member of Parliament. The Internet, though only in the early stages of development,
permits for the first time the possibility of seeing clearly into, and getting involved in, the
inner workings of the bureaucracy: Web sites may provide detailed listings of
departmental personnel, their responsibilities, phone numbers and E-mail addresses;
department Web sites provide links to relevant legislation, regulations, guidelines, policy
manuals and even discussion papers. These are just a few of the examples of the level of
transparency that may be possible. The growth of the Internet will change the way
governments make decisions, and its impact will be felt only more strongly in coming
years. Both Members of Parliament and departmental policy makers may look forward to
far more direct, individual input in the policy-making process.
In a sense it is really impossible to talk about the lobbyists registration system
without discussing the role of the Internet. Most obviously, the registry itself is
Internet-based. Lobbyists register and update their filings electronically. The registry is
fully searchable, allowing anyone to determine with a few mouse clicks who is talking to
government and what they are talking about. As well, the Internet allows the timely
reporting of lobbyists who fail or neglect to register.
The majority of witnesses expressed the view that the system works well. This is
perhaps best understood by looking at the information that the system provides, and what
that information reveals about the discussions that are taking place between lobbyists and
government; about the views being expressed and about what information is changing
hands. The four principles, it might be said, recognize implicitly the critical role of
information in the policy-making process. Information is the most valuable input in that
process, and getting complete, up-to-date, and accurate information is always a priority
for legislators and policy-makers. This information comes from stakeholders, from people
or businesses with an interest in the outcome; people who are concerned enough to
make the effort to speak out, to make their voices heard and their views known.
Thousands of Canadians do this every year, in fact, when they write letters to their MP.
In addition, individuals and businesses may join together as public interest groups
ortrade and industry associations to discuss issues and speak with
government — i.e. lobby — with a strong and unified voice.
The process of lobbying is often portrayed as the exclusive reserve of “powerful
and influential lobbyists,” using their “connections” to make “secret deals.” This is far too
simple a picture. The reality is that the overwhelming preponderance of government
decision making — and, therefore, lobbying efforts — are directed not at legislators or
legislation, nor even at ministers of the Crown. Rather, most lobbying is “low-level” activity
aimed at many levels of the public service.
Another important idea that was discussed is how government decision making
and the role of lobbyists has changed since the Act was passed in 1989 and, indeed,
since the major amendments of 1995. The Act was conceived as an antidote to the
conflict of interest and influence-peddling scandals that beset previous governments. The
solution was not to regulate lobbying — which remains a valuable and legitimate
activity — but rather to make the system transparent by requiring people or groups to
disclose their lobbying activities. The general consensus is that the Act has succeeded in
this — it provides precisely the kind of transparency for which it was created: lobbyists do,
in fact, register. Today, by examining the registry, we can find out who is lobbying what
department and what exactly they are discussing. Why is it important that we know this?
Simply put, by knowing who is talking to government, the public (and, of course, other
lobbyists) can form a clear picture of the information that is being provided and the policy
options that are being considered. Ultimately, the registry makes it possible to achieve a
true plurality of views without an unduly onerous compliance mechanism.
Compliance with the Act is an issue the Committee considered at some
length — is it being complied with? Can it be improved? In assessing the many
recommendations that were brought forward, the Committee remained mindful of the
importance of balancing two important objectives: first, ensuring that the Act promotes
disclosure of enough information to achieve transparency but, at the same time, that we
do not require information merely for its own sake, because it “might” tell us something.
More information is not necessarily better information; the key is to have the right
information. Requiring more information will raise the cost of the system — for
government the cost of collecting, reviewing and confirming the information provided; and
for registrants, the administrative cost of compliance. The challenge is to determine the
right level of disclosure to ensure a level playing field, a field in which all Canadians can
have access to the decision-making process.
Al Hea wort Bi bas:
an" . Pannes re = ‘Sevigenes Bk A” 3€
Lui stremashéTeucs A feo “tanheistre Qi
ere bre Sides? 6 Snes Hay re 3
Apeqeery her athe. 4 Saomgtian Ya eiace:i6i! IBF
Haba tay tE A der zh abatianics a i
CARE al LR SR AN OT me el sr
1) V Soie CALE VAE ar” DIT eet a Piso ON
Sebi. corps tesridar À ALAN ne
EG “SSeS ei PGE] = té dre BTE VOS ë EXD
LE pe Bea Vy hed’ 4) ted ore: vi SOS
& Wallon Tale de t Setter nt Jape Shi visisr
Keown Sohengriwee < or 0
mide ighpetabladcd satire ar guar
nae SG Ones, Til NA Duval SC "M HSE 4
GATE ler LEON caine. ENT even 4
essor yA. SAL eit site sane let es SM"
Owisnl Menez ert fa ud voReSiegemal évalros ry
euimenioe, eudisi ein’ ds) See: 18 aba two oh t Vlan
inp. = D SVSheOL ei SA BAP 6 ÉRHOUD mia :
à = (PAE: PTT. D art RARE nes rit af
LH. 21/0 CAT ras joie ines Site ONPVEVENTE on ae
ay) aourrs) ote el a Sf) Sahel 4a ech ali
tete els MIRE Th ‘>i Cyr ey SE 6. stab onivety ayaa
{ % just T=
¢ - L v 4
0
= D
æ D &
® ù F eo
INTRODUCTION
1. Scope of the Study
This report details the findings of the House of Commons Standing Committee on
Industry, Science and Technology’s four-year review of the Lobbyists Registration Act
(hereinafter the LRA or the Act).
The LRA establishes legal requirements for the registration of lobbyists. It also
prescribes penalties and procedures for investigating and prosecuting breaches of those
requirements. As well, the Act provides for the appointment of a Registrar of Lobbyists to
administer the system, and the appointment of another official to investigate possible
breaches of the Lobbyists Code of Conduct (hereinafter the Lobbyists Code). The person
appointed to this role is the Ethics Counsellor, a function that is distinct from his other role
as Ethics Counsellor, wherein he advises on the application of the Conflict of Interest and
Post-Employment Code for Public Office Holders (hereinafter referred to as the Conflict of
Interest Code). The Ethics Counsellor’s role under the LRA is properly within the scope of
the current study, and the Committee heard considerable evidence and many
recommendations on subjects related to that role: the process by which the Ethics
Counsellor is appointed, as well as alternatives to it; and the creation of a conflict of
interest code for MPs. The Committee remained mindful that some matters we discussed
were not, in fact, related to the LRA; for that reason, although the issues were discussed,
we have not made them the subject of any recommendations in this report.
2. Evaluating the Recommendations
In evaluating the proposals brought forward by witnesses, the first question the
Committee addressed was whether, in fact, the subject matter was one that flowed from
the LRA. Issues such as the post-employment “cooling off” period, during which certain
public office holders are prohibited from engaging in lobbying activities, is a subject
addressed in the Conflict of Interest Code, and so fell outside the scope of the current
study. For that same reason, there is no discussion in this report of creating a conflict of
interest code for Parliamentarians. This is not to say that such a code may not be
desirable, but that discussion is clearly beyond the current study.
Still, the Committee heard valuable evidence about how the current system is
operating and several recommendations as to how it might be improved. But according to
what principles are the recommendations to be evaluated? Parliament clearly established
those principles in the preamble to the LRA, which recognizes that free and open access
to government is an important matter of public interest, and that lobbying public office
holders is a legitimate activity. Those principles also require that public office holders and
the public be able to know who is attempting to influence government, without impeding
free and open access to government.
The Committee attempted to evaluate the recommendations with a view to
balancing the four principle objectives of the Act. For this reason, we considered carefully
the calls for more disclosure (for example, disclosure of fees or of money spent on
lobbying campaigns), with the important question in mind: would increasing the volume of
disclosure actually achieve greater transparency? Or would it merely increase the costs of
administration and compliance without providing any corresponding benefit?
3. Overview of the System
For the purposes of the Act lobbyists are defined as individuals paid to make
representations with the goal of influencing federal public office holders. The Act requires
lobbyists to register and disclose certain information. The information disclosed is made
public through a computerized registry system. The Act distinguishes among three types
of lobbyists:
e An individual who lobbies on behalf of a client must register as a Consultant Lobbyist.
e An employee of a corporation whose job involves a significant amount (20%) of
lobbying for their employer must register as an In-House Lobbyist (Corporate).
e The senior officer of an organization that pursues non-profit objectives must register
as an In-House Lobbyist (Organization) when one or more employees lobby and
where the total lobbying duties of all employees constitute a significant part (20%) of
the duties of one employee.
The Act requires that lobbyists submit certain information in returns and notify the
Registrar of any changes to information previously submitted, including termination of
lobbying activity. This information is submitted in a form and manner prescribed by
regulation; as such, the forms and regulations function as an integral part of the
implementation of the Act. Techniques such as checklists and narrative statements are
used to facilitate the collection of information.
Not all lobbyists or all lobbying activities are covered by the Act. Only paid lobbyists
are required to register; unpaid lobbyists are not. The statute covers only direct attempts
to influence certain government decisions. Thus, lobbyists have to register only if there
has been some form of direct contact or communication with a person holding public
office. The Act aims only at disclosing lobbying efforts; it does not attempt to regulate
lobbyists or the manner in which lobbying is conducted.
In addition to the Act, the Lobbyists Code of Conduct establishes standards of
conduct for all lobbyists communicating with federal public office holders. The Lobbyists
Code forms a counterpart to the obligations that federal officials are required to observe in
their interactions with the public and with lobbyists. Canada was the first country to
reinforce its lobbyist disclosure rules with a code of conduct. The onus to comply with the
Lobbyists Code rests on the Consultant Lobbyist, the In-House (Corporate) lobbyist or the
senior officer of the organization doing the lobbying, as the case may be.
The Lobbyists Code begins with a preamble stating its purpose and context. This
is followed by a series of principles that, in turn, are followed by specific rules. The
principles establish a framework in terms of the goals and objectives to be attained, but
they do not establish precise standards. The Lobbyists Code provides detailed
requirements for behaviour in certain situations.
The Ethics Counsellor is charged with investigating breaches of the Lobbyists
Code. His powers of investigation are triggered where there is an alleged breach of a rule.
Where the Ethics Counsellor believes, on reasonable grounds, that a breach of the
Lobbyists Code has occurred, he must investigate and prepare a report for Parliament.
The Act does not prescribe penalties for breach of the Lobbyists Code; neither does it
specify how Parliament is to respond to a reported breach of the Lobbyists Code.
Responsibility for administration of the information disclosure provisions of the Act
and maintenance of the public registry is assigned to the Registrar, designated by the
Registrar General of Canada (Minister of Industry). The Registrar heads the Lobbyists
Registration Branch. The Registrar has no powers to investigate under the Act; matters
requiring investigation are turned over to the RCMP. Branch staff examines all forms
submitted for completeness and clarity. Inconsistencies or obvious omissions are
communicated to the lobbyist for correction or for supplementary information. The
Registrar may verify and demand clarification of information submitted by lobbyists. The
Act also authorizes the Registrar to issue advisory opinions and interpretation bulletins in
order to provide greater certainty regarding the registration provisions. The Act sets out
penalties for non-compliance or for submitting false or misleading information. There is a
two-year statutory limitation period for enforcement proceedings commenced by way of
summary conviction. More serious violations are punishable on indictment, for which
there is no limitation period.
To give lobbyists an efficient system for registering and to give the public broad
access to the information on lobbyists, both electronic registration, as well as access to
data through the Industry Canada server, are free of charge.
4. Issues for Discussion
Committee hearings took place between March and May of 2001. Many issues
emerged from the discussion, touching on many aspects of the public policy-making
process. The Committee approached the hearings with an open mind, As well, prior to the
hearings, several issues had been suggested to the Committee for its review:
Whether the current quantitative guideline, which requires registration when lobbying
is 20% or more of an employee's duties, should also include a qualitative sense; that
is, should registration also be required where the lobbying would have an important
effect or impact on the attainment by a company of its goals or objectives?
Confidentiality and conflict of interest: Can a firm provide advisory services to a
government department while simultaneously representing a private sector client with
interests in that same department?
The advisability of applying the In-House (Organization) approach to registering
In-House (Corporate) lobbyists. Currently, the Act distinguishes between commercial
“corporations,” and “organizations,” which include associations, chambers of
commerce, trade unions, charitable societies, coalitions, etc. The filing requirements
are substantially different between the two: the triggering element for either In-House
(Corporate) or In-House (Organization) lobbyists is the same i.e. a “significant part” of
the duties (defined as 20%). In-House (Corporate) lobbyists are individually
responsible to register if 20% or more of their time is spent in lobbying activities. As a
result, there may be several filings for a particular corporation, or none (i.e. if no
employee spends more than 20% of his time lobbying). By contrast, In-House
(Organization) lobbyist registration is triggered if the aggregated lobbying activity that
the organization undertakes equals 20% of one employee’s time. The result is a
comprehensive filing setting out overall objectives of the organization along with a
listing of all employees engaged in lobbying, no matter how much time is involved.
The question for the Committee’s consideration is whether it would be advisable to
apply the In-House (Organization) approach to In-House (Corporate) lobbyists.
Another area of inquiry related to Consultant Lobbyists. Currently, the LRA requires
that a Consultant Lobbyist advise the registrar within 30 days of any changes to a
filing, including the termination of an undertaking. This is sometimes overlooked. The
Minister asked the Committee to consider the advisability of amending the Act by
adding a provision specifically requiring Consultant Lobbyists reconfirm their filing
annually (or every six months) in order to ensure that registry information is timely and
accurate.
Another issue to which the Committee was asked to direct its focus is the enforcement
provisions, specifically the adequacy of the two-year limitation for prosecuting
violations of the Act. The Minister, in his letter to the Committee, expressed “no
reason to believe this period creates a difficulty but it would be timely to take
advantage” of the Committee’s review to consider the issue, as well as other aspects
of enforcement.
The Committee wishes to extend its sincere thanks to the many witnesses who
came forward to contribute their thoughts to our study.
CHAPTER 1
THE REGISTRY — COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
We have had very good, excellent compliance with the Act. People do register.
[Diane Champagne-Paul 19:09:25]
There is considerable anecdotal evidence that many lobbyists simply decline to
register. [Aaron Freeman 8:15:45].
We believe that most active Consultant Lobbyists, In-House (Corporate) lobbyists,
and In-House (Organization) lobbyists representing business are indeed registered
in compliance with the Act. The same cannot be said however of paid lobbyists
representing organizations outside the business sector.... [Jayson Myers 7:9:10]
The relationship between compliance and enforcement is clear: simply put, the
enforcement mechanisms in the LRA aim at ensuring compliance by lobbyists. The two
concepis are, in a sense, inversely related; if compliance is a problem, an argument
exists to strengthen enforcement mechanisms. Where compliance rates are good, the
suggestion is that enforcement mechanisms are adequate.
1. Compliance and Enforcement
According to the Registrar of Lobbyists, as of March 16, 2001, there were
785 registered Consultant Lobbyists, 301 registered In-House (Corporate) lobbyists and
364 registered senior paid officers for non-profit organizations and interest groups
i.e. In-House (Organization) lobbyists. In large measure, the high rates of compliance are
attributable to the ease of access to the system:
One very important development has been our ability to use the Internet to ensure
transparency as well as administrative efficiency. Today, 98% of registrations are
filed electronically. Internet access using the Strategis Website, Industry Canada's
gateway to the Internet, not only enables lobbyists to file their registration forms
on-line, without charge, it also renders the registry completely available to the
Canadian public on a 24-hour, seven-days-a-week basis, thus enabling anyone to
conduct searches to retrieve information on lobbyists. [Diane Champagne-Paul
5:16:25]
There is every indication that the registry is a very-frequently used resource:
_..For the period beginning with the 1st of April 2000 to March 11, 2001, there have
been 30,033 visits to the Lobbyists’ website with about 167,496 pages being
accessed by the users during the same period, quite an impressive number for what
may be called a small program. [Diane Champagne-Paul 5:16:25]
The accomplishments of the registry are even more impressive when one
considers the size of its budget:
The use of the Internet has also proven to be a very efficient use of limited available
resources as it enables the Lobbyists Registration Branch to operate with the use of
only two individuals on an annual budget of less than $200,000. [Diane
Champagne-Paul 5:16:25]
One witness, Democracy Watch, did not agree that the registry was effective, and
told the Committee that “there is considerable anecdotal evidence that many lobbyists
simply decline to register.” [Aaron Freeman 8:15:45]. However, Democracy Watch
provided no evidence to the Committee in support of this contentious assertion, and the
fact remains that “anecdote” — even in its plural form—cannot be considered
“evidence.”
Moreover, it is not clear from the anecdotal “evidence” if it is only certain types of
lobbyists who fail to register, or all lobbyists across the board; or, for that matter, whether
the failure is the result of ignorance of the law or malfeasance. Of course, if the statement
was meant to refer to paid lobbyists for non-governmental organizations (NGOs), it might
be said to find some support in a study conducted and reported by the Association of
Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters (CME). As Jayson Myers explained:
We believe that most active Consultant Lobbyists, In-House (Corporate) lobbyists,
and In-House (Organization) lobbyists representing business are indeed registered
in compliance with the act. The same cannot be said however of paid lobbyists
representing organizations outside the business sector.... [Jayson Myers 7:9:10]
In support of his assertion, Mr. Myers referred to the results of a study conducted
by his organization, which measured registration compliance rates during discussions of
three issues in which the CME had been involved over the previous two years: the World
Trade Organization; the development of the Export Development Corporation's disclosure
standards and requirements; and climate change and the national negotiations on
Canada's participation in the Kyoto Protocol. The CME’s study found that, of the
36 Consultant Lobbyists representing business associations, 34 were registered; of
14 In-House (Corporate) lobbyists, all 14 were registered; of 28 non-governmental
lobbyists involved in the consultations, only three were “properly registered.”
The Committee did not itself review the CME’s study and therefore cannot assess
its conclusions. The reported conclusions though, even if true, do not necessarily indicate
malfeasance. In many cases, it may be that the failure results from honest ignorance or
confusion. In at least some cases, the problem may stem from limited resources or
expertise, or even as a result of being outside the mainstream, isolated from the urban
community of lobbyists:
Now it sometimes occurs ma
that perhaps you have people
the act. That's why we follow
that usually will result in a regi
ybe when you're going out of the metropolitan areas
who may not be as familiar as to the obligations under
up with these telephone calls, advise them and then
stration. [Diane Champagne-Paul 19:09:30]
This approach, which relies on industry participants to report possible breaches,
did not meet with the approval of all witnesses. John Chenier, Editor of the Lobby Monitor.
| refer you to the testimony of the lobbyist Registrar before this Committee....
According to her testimony, those who choose not to register but whose activities,
through the vigilance of public servants, are brought to her attention need only
profess their ignorance to the Registrar and belatedly submit a registration to
escape sanctions. [John Chenier 14:15:40]
. Of course, one cannot infer malfeasance from every failure to register, since
ignorance of the law might just as likely be the cause; and, in our system of justice,
defendants are entitled to the benefit of reasonable doubt. Still, even breaches of the Act
made in good faith will, if left unaddressed, erode its effectiveness: the Committee is of
the view, however, that ignorance of the law is not best cured by stronger enforcement,
but rather through public education. The point was well-expressed by Brian Grainger, a
long-time consultant on business ethics:
The Americans have proven to us that you can litigate the world and still have a
mess. We haven't gained anything from going in that direction but on the other
hand...transparency, accountability, are important. I'm suggesting, and many people
are suggesting today, that we're going to have to depend and rely on...the word
integrity, the professionalism, of individuals called to serve....Where we rely
completely on rule based approaches and not value based approaches...we're
going to have a difficult time. [Brian Grainger 8:16:15]
In conclusion, although it appears to be the case that the registration requirements
of the Act are, for the most part, being complied with, the Committee is of the view that
the question of compliance would benefit from further study and, accordingly:
Recommendation 1:
The Committee recommends that the Government undertake a study to
determine rates of compliance under the Act and the reasons for
non-compliance where it exists.
(a) The Role of the Ethics Counsellor
The Ethics Counsellor is responsible for investigating possible violations of the
Lobbyists Code of Conduct. In this capacity, he reports to the Minister of Industry (and
accordingly, to the Committee). It was in this capacity that the Ethics Counsellor appeared
to talk about his role of enforcing the Lobbyists Code.
The Ethics Counsellor derives his authority under the LRA from a Governor in
Council appointment, made under section 10.1 of the LRA. The section permits the
Governor in Council to “designate any person as Ethics Counsellor for the purposes of
this Act.” The exact instrument that gives the Ethics Counsellor his duties under the LRA
is Order in Council (P.C. 1996-266, February 26, 1996):
His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the
Prime Minister, pursuant to section 10.1 of the Lobbyists Registration Act, is pleased
hereby to designate Mr. Howard R. Wilson, of Ottawa, Ontario, as the Ethics
Counsellor.
In addition to being appointed under the LRA for the purposes of the Act, the
Ethics Counsellor also derives his powers to investigate breaches of the Lobbyists Code.
The 1995 amendments that created the office of the Ethics Counsellor also gave him,
appropriately, the mandate to draft a Lobbyists Code of Conduct. The Ethics Counsellor
introduced the Code in March 1997.
By contrast, the Ethics Counsellor derives his mandate under the Conflict of
Interest Code from section 5(1) of the Code:
Under the general direction of the Clerk of the Privy Council, the Ethics Counsellor is
charged with the administration of this Code and the application of the conflict of
interest compliance measures set out in this Part.
The Ethics Counsellors appearance before the Committee to talk about his role
under the LRA led to some debate concerning the scope of our study. Some members
expressed the view that it was proper, on the occasion of the Ethics Counsellor’s
attendance, to have him answer questions about the Prime Minister. The majority of
members were of the view that the Ethics Counsellor’s appearance clearly related to the
application of the LRA and Lobbyists Code, not the Conflict of Interest Code. The matter
appeared to be resolved when the Committee and the Ethics Counsellor agreed that he
would devote the first hour of his appearance to answering questions about the Prime
Minister .
While the Committee’s mandate in the current study derives from the LRA, we did
not view ourselves as being strictly confined to matters directly related to it; in fact, there
emerged from the evidence a broad range of issues, some very directly related to the Act,
and others bearing only a very tenuous connection to it. For example, discussion
frequently returned to such issues as the “cooling off period” for former public office
holders, or the reform of campaign financing. While the Committee heard the evidence on
these subjects with great interest, we are aware that not all discussions were of direct
relevance to our study. More fundamentally, though, this illustrates that the scope of our
study was not always clear.
Where this became most
Counsellor. The Committee is
Counsellor, as well as his appo
within the bounds of the
the Committee address
evident was in our discussion about the Ethics
of the view that the investigative powers of the Ethics
intment for the Purposes of the LRA are clearly subjects
study and, indeed, evidence was heard on them. For example,
I ed the question of whether the Ethics Counsellor should be
involved in the enforcement of the Lobbyists Code, or whether this task might not be
better assigned to another public servant. At the same time, the Committee recognizes
that certain aspects of the Ethics Counsellor’s relationship fall outside the scope of our
study; for example, the Ethics Counsellor’s appointment or his conduct of investigations
under the Conflict of Interest Code are matters that, while certainly of interest to members
of the opposition and to some Canadians, cannot be said to form part of the Committee’s
mandate.
In retrospect, it appears that the controversy over the scope of the Committee’s
mandate would not have arisen but for the fact that the Ethics Counsellor holds two jobs,
with two very different reporting relationships. In his role as the investigator under the
Lobbyists Code he reports to the Minister of Industry (and to the Committee) on violations
of it. In his other role as Ethics Counsellor, he advises on possible violations of the
Conflict of Interest Code. The confusion is exacerbated by the fact that the Ethics
Counsellor’s two tasks, while quite different in nature, go under the same title i.e. the
Ethics Counsellor. But this is merely a question of title, and that could be easily rectified
simply by giving the Ethics Counsellor (or some other public servant) a different title, such
as, for example, the Lobbyists Registration Counsellor.
But, while the 1995 amendments gave the Ethics Counsellor a mandate to draft
the Lobbyists Code of Conduct, does this require his continued involvement as
investigator under the Code? There is no clear policy reason for having the Ethics
Counsellor do both jobs, and in fact, it appears to contribute to some confusion over his
roles and reporting relationships.
At the time the Act was amended, it appears that it was the intention of Parliament
that the Ethics Counsellor’s powers of investigation, being quite similar to those of a
federal court judge, should most appropriately be exercised by a senior civil servant:
In 1995...the first charge that was given me was to, in effect, develop a code. But it
was very much to be a code. | did so after extensive consultation and that is now
part of the overall scheme. It was also felt, however, that there should be very strong
investigatory powers and those were provided to me... [Howard Wilson 5:17:15]
The Ethics Counsellor, as the person charged with drafting the Lobbyists Code,
seemed like the logical person to investigate and report on violations of it. This does not
appear to have been done out of administrative necessity, but out of administrative
convenience. In retrospect, it is questionable whether giving the power to the Ethics
Counsellor was sound policy. Lobbying is the concern of all Members of Parliament, not
merely that of the Prime Minister, his Cabinet and the members of the governing party.
Might the Lobbyists’ Code not be more appropriately the responsibility of an official who
reports to Parliament? Witnesses were virtually unanimous in supporting this idea. The
Committee endorses this proposal; however, it is important to emphasize that this
recommendation does not foreclose the prerogative of the Prime Minister to appoint an
Ethics Counsellor to advise his government. In fact, any party is free to do the same.
Removing the Ethics Counsellor from the enforcement of the LRA would have two
benefits: it would eliminate the confusion arising from the dual reporting relationship; and
it would free up the Ethics Counsellor to devote his attentions exclusively to his mandate
under the Conflict of Interest Code. Of course, the way the system has evolved, there
exists considerable administrative interdependence between the Office of the Registrar
and the Office of the Ethics Counsellor. But it is not clear that there is any obvious
advantage to this arrangement; and, in fact, as the hearings demonstrated, it may lead to
considerable misconception about the Ethics Counsellor’s role in the LRA system. This
ambiguity could be resolved by the creation of a new office for the investigation of
breaches of the Lobbyist’s Code.
Accordingly, for the reasons set out above:
Recommendation 2:
The Committee recommends that the Act be amended to create a new
office, which shall have the exclusive responsibility of investigating and
reporting to Parliament on alleged violations of the Lobbyists Code of
Conduct.
(b) Problems of Interpretation
Currently, the Act applies to every individual who for payment on behalf of a client
undertakes to communicate in an attempt to influence public decision making. As the
Ethics Counsellor explains, this has led to enforcement difficulties:
We thought the operative word was “communicate’”...that you were getting paid, that
you had a client and that you were speaking to a public office holder about changing
a bill, making a regulation. The Department of Justice prosecutors have said that
the operative words on this are “an attempt to influence” and the test that they
believe has to be applied...is not “communicate” but “communicate in an attempt to
influence” [Howard Wilson 5:16:30]
The effect of this different interpretation is considerable. Under the test as normally
interpreted, if a person, for payment, communicates with a public office holder to discuss
government business (i.e. legislation or awarding contracts) that person is required to
14
register. This was likely the interpretation Parliament intended, given its consistency with
the Criminal Code. However, the use of the term “in an attempt to influence” gives rise to
interpretive problems. As Irving Miller, Senior C EEE
; ounsel, Comm
Department of Justice, explained: à ommercal Eau Division:
By removing the words “attempt to influence” you would have a much easier time of
gathering the evidence to prosecute an offence, that's quite clear, because the
communication is something that you could probably establish quite simply. An
attempt to influence... requires much more subtle evidence and that's been the
problem. [Irving Miller 19:09:15]
Mr. Miller also noted, however, that the solution was not as simple as dropping the
troublesome phrase:
If you... drop those words and just focus on communication then you do throw a
very wide net. In the drafting of that provision you may have to make some
exceptions that are not already in the Act because not every communication, you
know, should be caught. Inquiries after the status of things, for example, may not
warrant that and other sorts of examples. So we'd have to look at everything
carefully to see what should be excepted from that. [Irving Miller 19:09:15]
The Ethics Counsellor referred to other jurisdictions, such as the United States,
where different language is used, such as “communicate with a public office holder with
respect to or in regard to” legislation and the awarding of contracts.
Mr. Miller also reported that several options have been, or are being considered
by, the department. One option would move the offence to the system of civil regulatory
or administrative offences:
... Those are options that have been considered and are still...being considered.
They entail some other difficulties...if you decriminalized it, you would lower the
standard of proof...from “beyond a reasonable doubt’ to the “balance of
probabilities”... [But] if you left the words “in an attempt to influence”, you still would
have some difficulty even then in establishing that even on a balance of probability.
So you probably wouldn't remove that problem completely, you would maybe help
achieve it, but you wouldn't remove it completely. {Irving Miller 19:09:20]
Another alternative would be to adopt an administrative penalty-type mechanism,
which has apparently been done in other federal statutes. However, this approach also
has its drawbacks:
a mechanism, you then have to put in place a tribunal to
because what will happen then is there will be an
i be imposed and then the person will have to be given
oose not to plead guilty. That would mean that they
ou would have to establish under the Act and
lved. Rather than using the court system that
If you adopt that sort of
hear appeals from it,
administrative penalty that wi
the right to appeal that if they ch ;
would have to go to a tribunal which y
so on. So it becomes a little more Invo
15
we have, you would have an extra requirement to establish a particular tribunal for
that purpose. [Irving Miller 19:09:20]
A third option would use the Contraventions Act, an existing federal law that
provides for an administrative-type penalty and which is administered using existing
courts of the provinces, known as contravention courts. Being designated as a
“contravention” decriminalizes an offence. The person is given the option of pleading
guilty and paying a fine, pleading guilty and making representations or requesting a trial.
However, only seven or eight provinces have signed on to the administration of the
contraventions courts. Moreover, it is questionable whether the penalty limits under the
current Contraventions Act are sufficient to encourage compliance.
Based on the evidence presented, the Committee concurs that the enforcement
issue appears to be genuine; however, it does not have sufficient information to be able
to assess fully the legislative alternatives available. Accordingly:
Recommendation 3:
The Committee recommends that the Registrar of Lobbyists, the Office of
the Ethics Counsellor and the Department of Justice undertake further
consultations with a view to determining the most appropriate legislative
response to the enforcement issues arising from the use of the phrase “in
an attempt to influence” in the Act.
(c) Two-Year Limitation on Summary Conviction Proceedings
Under the current Act, anyone who makes a knowingly false or misleading
statement in a return is guilty of an offence. The offence may be prosecuted either by way
of summary conviction (subject to a fine of up to $25,000 and imprisonment of up to
six months) or by way of indictment (Subject to a fine of up to $100,000 and imprisonment
of up to two years). The two-year limitation applies only when the crown proceeds by way
of summary conviction. There is no limitation if the Crown proceeds by way of indictment.
The traditional limitation for summary conviction offences (for example, under the Criminal
Code) is six months; however, the LRA provides a considerably longer two-year period.
The Committee is aware of a growing trend towards lengthening limitation periods and
increasing penalties available under summary conviction proceedings, with the aim of
increasing prosecutors’ flexibility; in some cases, the lapsing of the short six-month
limitation period on summary proceedings may force prosecutors to proceed either by
way of indictment or not at all. Indictment proceedings, however, are traditionally reserved
for more serious offences, since they entitle the accused to a jury trial and preliminary
inquiry. As well, because indictable offences carry more serious consequences, it may be
more difficult to secure a conviction.
16
No clear consensus emer imitati
ged as to the appropriateness of the two-year limitation:
SPAS expressed the view that it was adequate: others felt that if increasing the
lon period would improve compliance and enforcement then it would be justified:
still others expressed concern that the two-year period could lapse before a violation is
discovered:
If you look at the wording, it says charges may be laid “not later than two years after
the time when the subject-matter of the proceedings arose”.... There can be a huge
gap between the time something occurs and the time we become aware of it. [Duff
Conacher 8:15:50]
The adequacy of the limitation period cannot be evaluated theoretically, but rather
must be evaluated having regard to operation of the system in practice. Have there been
cases where a prosecution has been abandoned owing to the lapse of the limitation? The
Registrar in her evidence did not provide the Committee with any instance of such an
occurrence. In practice, then, it is not obviously the case that the two-year limitation
period has proven to be inadequate. Theoretically, however, the situation could be
different: what would happen if two years passed before the breach came to light? As a
first response, of course, the Crown would have the option of proceeding by way of
indictment (if the offence was sufficiently serious); but what about minor breaches, for
which summary conviction is the only reasonable means of proceeding? How does it
come to the Registrar’s attention that a person has failed to register? How long does it
take for this information to surface? Since a lobbyist only “shows up on the radar” by
registering, how does the Registrar determine whether a lobbyist is actually registered?
The Registrar responds:
The registry...is completely... in the public domain and it's accessible by all
Canadians, or anybody for that maiter.... Anybody who gets wind that maybe
somebody is lobbying on an issue, they can go to that registry and see if this
individual is appropriately registered....[Diane Champagne-Paul 5:17:10]
The Registrar explains that unregistered lobbying rarely occurs, for the simple
reason that the practice is usually an open one:
Whenever there's lobbying happening on one side, be reassured that there's
lobbying that'll be counterbalancing on the various sides or facets of the issue.
[Diane Champagne-Paul 19:09:25]
The system therefore relies on industry participants to report, a process which is
facilitated by the open availability of the registry on the Internet:
_..As Registrar, every now and then | will get calls, be they from bureaucrats Or even
private sector members, who will ask about a specific case. They will ask, “Well, is
this individual registered or not registered?” We do the search, and they will
probably give us the facts. On the basis of that information, I'll make a query. I'll pick
17
up the phone and I'll call the individual. I'll ascertain what the facts are, and then two
outcomes will come out of that. Either the activities in question are not registrable
under the Act or they were not aware. Then we make them aware. We provide them
with a package and information, and that will result in a registration. [Diane
Champagne-Paul 5:17:10]
Because of the accessibility of the Registry, if somebody goes to it, there's an
issue and they know it's very high profile, they will go to the registry. They see
somebody's not registered. They know that this individual has been involved. There
will either be a newspaper article, the media will pick up on it. We get a telephone
call... [Diane Champagne-Paul 19:09:25]
In some cases, the Registrar reports, her investigation reveals that the activity
reported is not a registrable activity; as such, the reported “breach” is not a breach at all:
First of all, | have to determine whether this is actually within the scope of the act.
Now, because a lot of times some people will think that perhaps that an activity
really is a lobbying activity when in fact it is not. So | will follow up. | will make a
phone call. | will determine and | will try a phone call to the individual in question or
other individuals who are relevant to the issue and determine what are the facts.
From then, | can determine whether it is within the scope or not. [Diane
Champagne-Paul 19:09:25]
Where the reported activities fall within the scope of the Act:
The individuals are informed and advised that there is this registration
requirement under the act. Now on the whole, in the metropolitan areas, we have
experienced...very good, excellent compliance with the Act. People do register.
[Diane Champagne-Paul 19:09:25]
The Ethics Counsellor was of the view that the registry system has cleared up
much of the mystery which used to surround the system:
...A couple of years ago when Onex made its bid for Air Canada there was intense
interest on exactly who was hiring which lobbyists. Air Canada was hiring lobbyists,
Canadian was hiring.... There was no doubt several others.... My office received
exactly two telephone calls...because everything was available on the Internet. Now
| think that changes the mystery of the debate. There was no mystery about who
was being hired to make representations on behalf of which corporate interest.
[Howard Wilson 5:16:40]
The Canadian Bar Association, in its written brief to the Committee, expressed its
view:
...Violations sufficient to warrant proceedings by way of indictment are properly
subject to prosecution even later than two years after the offence. Violations which
do not justify such prosecution, however, are in all likelinood not serious enough to
warrant investigation and prosecution after two years have gone by. [CBA Brief].
18
Owing to the openness created by the registry, it appears that for the most part the
likelihood is that the Registrar will learn of possible breaches of the Act in a timely fashion,
and it does not appear that the two-year limitation has adversely affected the ability of the
Crown to proceed with commencing summary conviction proceedings. Accordingly, for
this and other reasons set out above:
Recommendation 4:
The Committee is of the view that the current two-year limitation period for
the commencement of summary conviction proceedings under the Act Is
adequate and therefore does not recommend any change to the Act in this
regard.
fie Sent op Le 1"
Tre Ets TON) ata
Tru 2 es peer —~
‘piu © ane ap enn
ee En Poe er caw a. By “Ce ra
ie ogg nee — rhone donc dur Peur Page ve?
Ae OG | 4 Le de D ae dom cote A
fh ase o> ÿ HR ere ve
wad TAGeal ta
2 Cate War < echo te ae eet 1b the: Once
ox» Cette re + 77e
pet on ay te TON PR mu cc |our
the Abe eos ised SRE
(pre. ae Gare ee =
‘gra! br get soe 2 cr à bé
Leu syeroui tas
ar
ly
ie
a
ie
——— CS
Fe
CHAPTER 2
THE LOBBYISTS REGISTRY — REGISTERING
AND UPDATING
ANUP AL ING
Pe. AE Committee considered several matters in relation to the filing requirements of
1. An “Organization” Approach to “Corporate” Lobbyists
_The Act distinguishes between “organizations” e.g. chambers of commerce,
associations and trade unions, etc., and “corporations.” The different entities have
different registration requirements. Currently, the senior officer of an organization must
register as an In-House (Organization) lobbyist if the sum total of lobbying time for all
employees is equal to 20% of one employee (i.e. one day per work week). The senior
officer must list all employees engaged in lobby activity, no matter how much time they
spend lobbying. The current filing requirement for In-House (Corporate) lobbyists
specifies that every individual must register who devotes a “significant part” of their duties
(defined as 20% of their time) to lobbying.
The Committee was asked to study the advisability of applying the “organization”
standard to “corporation” lobbyists. Jayson Myers of the CME expressed the views of that
association:
Should corporations be required to register in a similar manner as In-House
(Organization) lobbyists? Well, some companies may benefit from this, simply being
able to list employees engaged in lobbying activities, but for others, particularly large
companies that employ a number of individuals who may be engaged in lobbying
activities, this requirement would impose tremendous administrative costs without
any improvement in transparency. [Jayson Myers 07:09:20]
CME’s recommendation was that, if a change was being considered, then the
requirement to register in a similar way to In-House (Organization) lobbyists should be
optional.
Concerns were also expressed by Ms. Gervais of Bell Canada:
The possibility that the In-House (Organization) standard might be extended to
cover In-House (Corporate) lobbyists does concern us. Simply put, we are
concerned that the change will increase the administrative burden on customers
with no discernible benefit to the public. [Linda Gervais 15:09:10]
21
dé
ad % 7€
l ee 7
Me ew eros
moe ms. -
ag - a p 25
PE Le + PE —
Le AG IST or
: ‘~ be 1 6
7
Ps
ee cet,
Ma wach
CHAPTER 2
THE LOBBYISTS REGISTRY — REGISTERING
AND UPDATING
Tec sn eee, EE ee ee eee ee eee
A Fi Committee considered several matters in relation to the filing requirements of
e
1. An “Organization” Approach to “Corporate” Lobbyists
The Act distinguishes between “organizations” e.g. chambers of commerce,
associations and trade unions, etc., and “corporations.” The different entities have
different registration requirements. Currently, the senior officer of an organization must
register as an In-House (Organization) lobbyist if the sum total of lobbying time for all
employees is equal to 20% of one employee (i.e. one day per work week). The senior
officer must list all employees engaged in lobby activity, no matter how much time they
spend lobbying. The current filing requirement for In-House (Corporate) lobbyists
specifies that every individual must register who devotes a “significant part” of their duties
(defined as 20% of their time) to lobbying.
The Committee was asked to study the advisability of applying the “organization”
standard to “corporation” lobbyists. Jayson Myers of the CME expressed the views of that
association:
Should corporations be required to register in a similar manner as In-House
(Organization) lobbyists? Well, some companies may benefit from this, simply being
able to list employees engaged in lobbying activities, but for others, particularly large
companies that employ a number of individuals who may be engaged in lobbying
activities, this requirement would impose tremendous administrative costs without
any improvement in transparency. [Jayson Myers 07:09:20]
CME’s recommendation was that, if a change was being considered, then the
requirement to register in a similar way to In-House (Organization) lobbyists should be
optional.
Concerns were also expressed by Ms. Gervais of Bell Canada:
The possibility that the In-House (Organization) standard might be extended to
cover In-House (Corporate) lobbyists does concern us. Simply put, we are
concerned that the change will increase the administrative burden on customers
with no discernible benefit to the public. [Linda Gervais 15:09:10]
21
John Chenier, Editor of the Lobby Monitor, also opposed the change:
Establishing the same reporting rules as organizational lobbyists for corporations
would be a mistake. Organizations, typically associations, are smaller, more
centralized and aware of who is charged with government relations responsibilities.
Corporations, on the other hand, are larger, more geographically dispersed, more
heterogeneous and do not have reporting relationships and structures in place to
ensure that all lobbying activity could, or would be, funnelled through a single
channel. [John Chenier 14:15:40]
Notably, not a single witness appearing before the Committee endorsed the idea
of applying the In-House (Organization) approach to In-House (Corporate) lobbyists.
Accordingly:
Recommendation 5:
Owing to the lack of support for the proposition among witnesses
appearing before it, the Committee does not recommend that the Act be
amended to apply an In-House (Organization) registration approach to
In-House (Corporate) lobbyists.
2. “Qualitative” Registration
Should the registration requirement be changed to encompass employees whose
lobbying activity may be less than 20% of time worked, but whose lobbying efforts may
have an important impact on the goals and objectives of the corporation? Witnesses
raised compelling objections to this suggestion:
One of the important safeguards of the rights of individual Canadians to
communicate with public officials is the definition of a lobbyist as an individual paid
to influence public policy on behalf of an employer, or a client. Changing the
definition of a corporate lobbyist along the lines suggested would create significant
interpretive problems. First of all, it would make it difficult for individuals to represent
their legitimate interests before government, or more difficult and, in the end,
probably wouldn't lead to any big improvement in the transparency of the way the
Act operates. [Jayson Myers 7:09:15]
The Committee is mindful of the interpretive problems such a change would raise:
for example, how would the “importance” of the lobbying campaign be assessed? Who
would decide whether the objective of a particular lobbying effort is “important”? Might it
not be argued that all lobbying efforts are important, otherwise why would the company
undertake them? It is not even clear that guidelines could be drafted to assist in
determining what is, and what is not, “important” to the client. How would the standard be
enforced? Would the Registrar be required to order production of the client’s confidential
memoranda or other business documents in order to determine the importance or impact
22
of a given lobbying effort? Could
the registrant b |
but in good faith, that the effort wa g e prosecuted for concluding, mistakenly
sn'‘t sufficiently “important” to declare?
even the Committee's concerns about the uncertainty inherent in such an
approacn, we are of the view that it would not be feasible to amend the Act in order to
require lobbyists to indicate the relative importance of a given lobbying campaign (a
qualitative” approach) and, accordingly:
Recommendation 6:
Owing to the considerable conceptual difficulties presented by the
proposal, the Committee does not recommend that the Act be amended to
create a so-called “qualitative” approach to registering lobbying activities.
3. Closing Loopholes
Several witnesses recommended the closure of what they considered a significant
“loophole” in the Act. Section 4(2)(c) states that the Act does not apply to “any oral or
written communication made to a public office holder...in direct response to a written
request from a public office holder, for advice or comment...”
It is not clear why this exemption exists from the general requirements of the Act,
and the Committee noted with concern the potential exploitation of the section to
circumvent the Act. As explained by Democracy Watch:
If you receive a written request to come and meet with an official, you do not have to
register.... Everyone receives a confirmation of any meeting they go to and that's all
you need and you don't have to register.... Many people could use it to escape
registration very easily just by saying, “oh, yes, I'm calling you and we're going to
have a meeting. Send me written confirmation.” Written confirmation sent. You don't
have to register any more that you're lobbying. [Democracy Watch 8:16:35]
The Committee heard similar views from other witnesses:
The current system, under which paid lobbyists are required to register their
lobbying efforts with federal government departments and agencies, should be
improved. For instance, lobbyists should be required to register even if they receive
a written request by a public official to lobby. Currently this requirement is waived by
subsection 4(2) of the act. [Suzette Montreuil 14:15:45]
The Committee heard no justification for the “loophole” which appears to be
created by section 4(2)(c), which permits a lobbyist to not register when the lobbying
contact is initiated by the public office holder. Accordingly, in the absence of any apparent
public policy reason for its continuance:
23
Recommendation 7:
The Committee recommends that section 4(2)(c) of the Act be deleted in
order to require lobbyists to register even when the lobbying contact was
initiated by the public office holder.
4. Anti-Avoidance
One witness also suggested that enforcement of the Act could be improved by the
inclusion of a general anti-avoidance provision. As explained by John Chenier:
Lobbying and ethics rules should include a general anti-avoidance provision to
prevent people from exploiting any loopholes. This would be in keeping with the
statement contained in the Lobbyists Code of Conduct that lobbyists should conform
to not only the letter but also the spirit of the Code. It would also be in keeping with
similar provisions in the Income Tax Act. [John Chenier 14:15:50]
The Committee agrees that compliance with the letter of the Act may not fulfill the
spirit of the Act. For example, a firm of Consultant Lobbyists or a corporation employing a
roster of lobbyists could avoid registering by strategically allocating the “actual” lobbying
work (i.e. communicating with public office holders) among several lobbyists to ensure
that no individual lobbyist reaches the 20% threshold. An anti-avoidance provision would
permit a court to determine whether the allocation of work was done for a bona fide
business purpose or simply to circumvent the Act. In the latter case, the Court could order
registration.
The ultimate aim of the Lobbyists Registration Act is to ensure openness and
integrity in relations between the government and private sector lobbyists. Maintaining
public confidence in the system requires the utmost good faith from registrants. The
Committee heard evidence that the lobbying community, generally speaking, treats the
Act with considerable gravity and, in fact, tends to register out of an abundance of caution
even where the activity, on a strict interpretation of the Act, may not be registrable.
The Committee is aware that the Lobbyists Code of Conduct requires that
“lobbyists should conform fully with not only the letter but the spirit of the Lobbyists Code
of Conduct as well as all the relevant laws”; moreover, the evidence supports a
conclusion that lobbyists are, to a very high degree, complying in good faith with both the
registration requirements and the Lobbyists Code. Still, the Committee is of the view that
the Lobbyists Registration Act demands more than mere compliance with the letter of the
law. Taken together, the Act and Lobbyists Code demand the highest degree of good
faith from those subject to it. For these reasons:
24
Recommendation 8:
git Committee IS of the view that the Lobbyists Registration Act is an act
of great public importance, and, as such, it demands of registrants the
utmost good faith in complying with the spirit of the law, even where doing
so may require more than mere compliance with the letter of the law. The
Committee recommends that this fundamental principle be emphasized by
the inclusion in the Act of a general anti-avoidance provision.
5. Updating filings
We sometimes . have found that people have neglected through innocence to
remove their registrations and we could do this electronically on a six-month basis or
on a yearly basis; an area to look at. [Howard Wilson 5:16:30]
...If you don't sort of tell them to do it, some people seem to get slack about it. [Scott
Proudfoot 15:10:40]
Currently, Consultant Lobbyists are obliged to register within 10 days of beginning
a piece of registrable work and deregister within 30 days of completing the assignment.
The 30-day requirement is set out in section 5(4) of the Act and applies only to Consultant
Lobbyists, presumably because they are more likely to represent clients for individual
projects of a definite duration. In-House (Organization) and (Corporate) lobbyists are not
subject to the 30-day deregistration requirement, although the policy reason for this is not
immediately clear. While it may be the case that these latter lobbyists’ undertakings are
more likely to be indefinite in duration, it cannot be said that this is necessarily the case.
Accordingly:
Recommendation 9:
For the purposes of simplifying the current deregistration requirements
and promoting greater consistency of application of the Act, the
Committee recommends that the same deregistration requirements should
apply to all lobbyists.
In spite of the 30-day requirement, it appears that deregistration is not always
accomplished in a timely fashion:
I've noticed when I've gone through the register from time to time, which is
something | do, that in the past some people who have been hired a number of
years before continue to list Bell as a client, even though that relationship has been
terminated for some time. [Linda Gervais 15:09:15]
25
But why does this happen? A witness explains:
...We do try and deregister as promptly as we can, but the fact of the matter is in the
rush of events sometimes you don't. There are also those odd instances where a
client has a rush of activities, we'll drop off for a while and then we'll come back, and
frankly administratively it's a lot simpler just to stay on the books. So that's one of
the reasons why it happens. [Tony Stikeman 12:10:00]
Witnesses generally agreed that keeping registry information up to date is
difficult to accomplish within the short time span of 30 days and, as a result, is sometimes
neglected. There was no suggestion, however, that this was the result of any shortcoming
in the legislation, but rather simply an administrative issue. Witnesses agreed that the
best way to address this issue was to have the Registrar provide a reminder to registrants
to update their information in the registry. The Registrar agreed that this could be done
and would likely achieve the desired result. Accordingly:
Recommendation 30:
The Committee recommends that, in order to ensure that registrants
update their filings in a timely fashion, the Registrar of Lobbyists provide
an E-mail “update reminder” to all registrants at least 30 days in advance
of the date upon which their registrations must be updated.
However, this still does not address the question of how often filings should be
updated. Currently, In-House (Corporate) lobbyists have to update their registrations once
a year; In-House (Organization) lobbyists must update their filings every six months. One
witness described this as “an unnecessary administrative task”:
So little changes in the course of six months that the public interest is hardly served
by such additional transparency. Our...recommendation would be that all three
types of lobbyists be required to update their registrations once a year. [Tony
Stikeman 12:09:15]
While this suggestion found wide support among witnesses, one member
expressed the Committee’s concern that, by moving to an annual filing requirement,
lobbyists might, in good faith, remain on the registry for up to a year, thereby creating the
misleading impression that they represent a client long after the undertaking has ended.
In fact, a lobbyist could be representing a client with totally opposite interests. John Scott
responded to this concern:
| would hope that anyone who would be phoning your office would indicate what the
reason is for the meeting and what the issue might be, so that it would make it
easier for you rather than checking in on the registry. [John Scott 12:09:55]
26
While the Committee concurs that
ES a lobbyist
would be quite likely to identify his yist approaching a Member of Parliament
client (and, in fact, the lobbyist is required to do so b
the Lobbyists Code of Conduct), that is not really the issue: rates S re not es
SO much about who the lobbyist is Currently representing, but rather about who the
lobbyist is no longer representing, and this is not the sort of information that a lobbyist
would be likely to reveal in the course of making representations to a Member of
Parliament or other public office holder. Confusion could arise when the public office
holder, in order to be better informed, consults the registry to learn more about lobbyists
and their clients. It would, of course, be very reasonable to assume that the lobbyist
represents the clients listed in the registry; in fact, it would suggest that exact conclusion.
Still, while tardiness in deregistering could lead to confusion, it is not immediately
clear whether any genuine harm would result to the public interest. It might equally be
argued that there is considerable advantage for the public office holder in having a list of
the clients whom the lobbyist has represented over the preceding year, and the issues
that the lobbyist has addressed.
Moreover, there are at least two fairly simple alternatives available to address the
possibility of confusion arising from clients’ identities being left on the registry after the
completion of an undertaking or termination of a client relationship: the first option would
be simply to leave it to the public office holder to ask the lobbyist if he is still representing
all the clients he has listed on the registry. Greater certainty could also be achieved by
having an appropriately-worded disclaimer set out clearly on the registry Web site stating
that some client listings may no longer be active and, accordingly, persons are
encouraged to ask the individual lobbyists who they are, and who they are no longer,
representing.
After the close of Committee hearings, Government Relations Institute of Canada
(GRIC) submitted to the Clerk of the Committee a supplementary brief that suggested an
alternative method of addressing enforcement of the 30-day deregistration period in
section 5(4):
The current requirement causing Consultant Lobbyists to de-register after 30 days
of completing an undertaking could be removed from the Act and inserted into the
Lobbyists Code of Conduct as a guideline or best practice.
This change is said to reflect the business practices of Consultant Lobbyists,
entering into, withdrawing from, and then re-entering client relationships. Removing the
strict 30-day requirement would permit lobbyists a little time to determine with certainty
whether the undertaking has, in fact, ended. GRIC emphasized the point that the
Lobbyists Code of Conduct requires lobbyists to disclose the identity of the person or
on on whose behalf the representation Is made, as well as the reasons for the
“In other words,” GRIC concludes: “Parliamentarians and government officials
dgeable about the nature of the lobbyists’ activities.
organizati
approach.
would be no less knowle
27,
Recommendation 11:
In order to ensure that information in the lobbyists registry is kept up to
date, the Committee recommends that all lobbyists should be required to
update their filings semi-annually; however, the 30-day deregistration
requirement currently set out in section 5(4) of the Act should be removed
from the Act to the Lobbyists Code in order to remove it from the
sanctions prescribed by the Act for failing to deregister within the 30-day
time frame currently prescribed.
The Committee is mindful, however, that this will likely result in registrations being left
on the registry for up to six months. For that reason:
Recommendation 12:
The Committee also recommends that the Registrar draft a notice, to be
displayed clearly on the lobbyists registry Web site, to the effect that
because lobbyists are required to update their filings semi-annually,
certain client relationships may no longer be active; and accordingly,
persons are encouraged to verify with the lobbyist which of the lobbyists’
current client listings remain active.
Recommendation 13:
For greater certainty, the Committee recommends that the 30-day period
should be removed from the Act only insofar as it applies to the obligation
to deregister. Because timely updating of client information is important,
the Committee recommends that provisions that require the lobbyist to
provide notification within 30 days of any changes to existing filings
should remain in the Act.
6. Penalties
The Act prescribes two penalties: under section 14(1), a person who breaches any
provision of the Act is liable on summary conviction for a fine of up to $25,000. This
section could apply even where the failure to comply was the result of honest
inadvertence. Section 14(2) deals with a false or misleading statement knowingly made
by an individual. Under this section, the Crown may proceed either by way of summary
conviction (subject to the two-year limitation) or indictment (in which case no limitation
applies). Summary proceedings may lead to terms of imprisonment of up to six months
and a fine of up to $25,000. A conviction by indictment may lead to a period of
incarceration of up to two years and a fine of up to $100,000.
Some witnesses expressed concern over the fact that the penalties under section
14 apply equally to the failure to register and the failure to deregister:
28
Mate F Ho concern about that, in that the sanction that applies with respect
€ to deregister is the same as failure to register or misrepresenting facts. In
reality the failure to deregister is not causin ic i
th
treet: Bou g the public interest any harm at all...
For reasons set out above, the Committee agrees in principle that the failure to
deregister In a timely fashion is unlikely to have consequences as serious as the failure to
register. However, it is questionable whether section 14 is really in need of amendment.
That section prescribes the maximum penalties that may be levied, not the minimum.
Moreover, the failure to comply with the Act does not automatically lead to charges being
laid: the Crown may choose not to proceed with charges if circumstances warrant. And,
even where the Crown secures a conviction, the Court will have broad discretion to
determine the appropriate penalty within the limits prescribed by section 14 having regard
to all the circumstances of the case. If, for example, the failure is the result of honest
inadvertence, then it may be dealt with quite simply by a phone call or E-mail reminder
from the Registrar, without even requiring the involvement of law enforcement authorities
or the judiciary. Or if charges are laid, the Crown may seek — or the Court may hand
down — a very light penalty, proportionate to the nature of the offence.
The seriousness of a given breach of the Act is not something that can be
determined in the abstract; rather, it must be addressed on a case-by-case basis, a task
to which Canadian courts are imminently suited. Prescribing different penalties for
offences that might be, in practice, quite similar would be more likely to exacerbate rather
than mitigate uncertainty in the application of the penalty provisions. It is certainly
foreseeable that an attempt to define penalties too rigidly could “tie the hands” of
prosecutors and the judiciary. For these reasons:
Recommendation 14:
The Committee is satisfied that the current penalty regime prescribed by
the Act is appropriate and does not recommend any changes in this
regard.
29
jartien trent is or i byninneiab
berge “A Pov, of
=~ js Mint écoror
Lime à Ma Hire + Abe :
eee oe ee er eee, eee ar
10
‘atest spe 5 one | f 5 Wes tks nidaoten
rT . aie! ù AV i ee saeareaen Mibireétns Adhove0%4
v rou ee | | de,
tr nobebrenmossf
va, beghnenrt sniper era gnats à nabge si sshimmoo) or
ain Nr eee Ve Doses . : aide ai 124 or
| : v eue Tr ie pote ff gees
À. a pel d'in !
+ è ae | ei; write ot pu: re
| + of ste Pr ner *
Lcd An MER A ad
à =: : te We" was um ts we ui
: ; ; =. 7 D SP One ve ¢
7 ad e L AT ae ee WC dé
mar Ce AUS a) CNE
able : : re is
CPR : TIRER 2. WC 6
- 7
CHAPTER 3
DISCLOSURE AND TRANSPARENCY
Most witnesses expressed the view that the current disclosure requirements of the
Act are sufficient and represent a good balancing of the fundamental principles. A
significant number, however, did suggest that the system could benefit from increased
See However, there was little consensus as to exactly what that disclosure should
include.
Interestingly, all three types of lobbyists seemed to feel that their own disclosure
rules were sufficient, but should be broadened for other groups. In-house (Organization)
lobbyists, represented primarily by Democracy Watch, suggested that transparency would
be improved with greater disclosure from Consultant and In-House (Corporate) lobbyists.
Consultant and In-House (Corporate) lobbyists, for their part, suggested that what was
required was greater disclosure from In-House (Organization) lobbyists:
These people should be registered. You should know where their money comes
from. You should know whether they are funded by government and in any way and
by how much. The fact that some of them don't register on the pretext that there's
no formal salary structure and they don't get a salary, that they're volunteers, | think
is very dangerous. It's a loophole which would permit those of independent means to
avoid obligations imposed on taxpayers who work for fees or a regular paycheque.
[Peter Clark 15:10:00]
The Committee is mindful of the principle that only that information which is
material to the objective of the Act, that is to say, information required to maintain
effective transparency with respect to activities of paid lobbyists, should be disclosed.
Requiring more information because it “might” tell us something runs the risk of
overburdening the system by imposing onerous disclosure requirements for information
having little real relevance or value in assessing the scope or nature of lobbyists’
activities. The Committee is also mindful of the need to protect the confidentiality of
commercially sensitive or personal information that is not material to the issue of
transparency.
The Ethics Counsellor expressed his view that the information currently required is
sufficient:
We've struck a pretty good balance in terms of the information. We get very few
complaints that the information on the registry is not sufficient to determine who has
been hired and what is the purpose of their representations. L find as a practical
matter that there's often an attitude that if some information is useful, then more
information is better. | do believe the Committee should be very conscious of any
proposition that comes to the table about vastly expanding the amount of
31
information required, and use the test of the preamble. A case may be made for
more information, but my view is that in 1995 the committee did a very good job of
restructuring this Act dramatically. That's not to say there's not a case to be made
for honing the act, but | don't think we're at the point where we need to contemplate
major restructuring. [Howard Wilson 5:16:55]
1. Dual Reporting System
An enormous burden on our public service, which is already anorexic.
[Sean Moore 14:16:05]
...In terms of logs, | sift through information all the time, and too much is just the
same problem as too little. [John Chenier 14:16:00]
A proposal that received considerable debate was the possibility of creating a dual
reporting system that would require, in addition to the existing registration requirement,
that persons inside government report their contacts with lobbyists. The idea is not a new
one:
This was debated the last time and it had two aspects to it. One was whether or not
public-office holders should be required to say to a lobbyist, are you a lobbyist, have
you registered? It was felt that... it was an obligation on the part of the lobbyist to do
this rather than having public-office holders act as a point of enforcement. [Howard
Wilson 5:17:10]
As an alternative, several witnesses supported the concept of a limited
dual-disclosure system, one that would require that only certain more senior civil servants
be required to report lobbying contacts:
The disclosure...should be tied to decision-making power of the civil servant. So you
have to draw a line somewhere and we believe that it's possible to draw a line and
you don't have to go down right to the frontline person because that frontline person
will be reporting to someone who has decision-making powers. [Duff Conacher
8:16:25]
This approach presents practical difficulties, the most obvious being where do we
draw the line? In reality, decisions are more often made institutionally than individually:
If you do target officials who are approached in an effort to influence policies, those
in question are rarely senior officials. You need to realize how government works.
There are people, often professionals, who put information together and assess the
status of the situation. [Pierre Morin 15:09:55]
32
AS well, many witnesses expressed th
be significantly higher compliance costs wi
improvement in transparency:
e view that the effect of such a system would
thout necessarily creating any corresponding
We think a requirement such as this would again impose a pretty onerous burden
on government Officials. It would also be highly impractical, given the nature of
Canada's parliamentary system. If the intent of this is to strengthen compliance with
the Act, then we believe a requirement on the part of the public servants to ensure
that lobbyists are registered in order for a meeting, or any other form of
communication, to take place, would be more effective than establishing a dual
disclosure system. [Jayson Myers 7:09:15]
While arguments were made both in favour of and against the proposition, the
Committee is of the view that creation of a double disclosure system would not be
justified. The system would certainly be considerably more costly than at present.
Currently, a lobbyist is required to indicate what department he is speaking with and the
Subject matter of the discussion. Critics assert that this is not enough information, that it
does not permit the public to form a true impression of precisely what is going on, of what
information is being exchanged, of the policy positions that are being advanced. But this
ignores the many other sources from which information is available, including for example
Internet Web sites or access to information requests. Hillwatch.com used the example of
the GMO food debate to illustrate how the Internet can potentially open the public policy
debate:
The theory behind this is that if you really want to know who's saying what on the
issues you're debating, and what issues are being debated inside governments and
so on, you really can go to the Internet to find out. If you put them together in an
organized fashion and in a meaningful fashion, think of what it gives the public.
Think of what it gives you in terms of making your job more meaningful. If you
wanted to find out what's going on with GMO foods, you could find all the
representations that have been made on GMO foods over the last years, and all the
converging and the diverging points of view. [Michael Teeter 15:10:10]
Scott Proudfoot explained how the Internet has forced many organizations to make
their policy views public:
The anti-GMO food activists use the Internet to attack the mainstream corporations.
The mainstream corporations, which didn't know what hit them, frankly, all of a
sudden found they had to really respond in public and defend their position. If you go
to their corporate sites now, of if you go to their association sites, there's a lot of
good, reliable information, there's a lot of self-interested information, there's a lot of
scientific evidence, and there's a lot of fear-mongering. There's a whole potpourri of
information that you can find on the issue. Four or five years ago, you wouldn't have
seen any of this information. Now its all largely publicly accessible. Basically,
beyond the Lobbyists Registration Act, we think the Internet is really pushing the
whole industry to be a heck of a lot more public and transparent where people can
find it. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:15]
33
These sentiments were supported by John Scott:
...Getting into filing every single name of every single person that we might meet
with in government, administratively is a problem and | think it is adequately covered
under the current situation. [John Scott 12:09:35]
There appears to exist among the public an impression that the goal of lobbying is
to aim high and, ultimately, to get that elusive “meeting with the Minister.” But this appears
to be too simple a picture. What is perhaps more important to a lobbyist is to get the
attention of the people who advise the Minister, even down to the individual policy analyst
who prepares internal memoranda for purposes of policy discussion. But this raises the
concern of what would happen if a trusted policy advisor should be misled by a
convincing lobbyist? The Minister (or any other policy or law-maker) might not get all the
information needed to make good decisions. But this view certainly fails to give due credit
to the judgment and intelligence of departmental policy advisors. The Ethics Counsellor
responded to this concern by drawing on his own experience as a public servant:
I've spent all of my career in the public service. | spent most of it in the foreign
service and in trade policy. | was certainly lobbied continuously. | felt that was
actually part of my responsibilities. | found it very dangerous to take merely one
point of view in terms of trying to put advice forward to my Minister. | tried to keep
things as open as possible so that | could speak to as many people as possible in
order that the advice | gave to Ministers, which ultimately was the decision, was the
best possible advice. So | found it essential to keep those lines open. [Howard
Wilson 5:17:00]
Witnesses were mixed in their views. Brian Grainger expressed the debate
succinctly:
| honestly don't know if it's in the public interest to know that sort of thing... Whether
or not you need to know the name of some frontline supervisor in...who got
lobbied — | don't see the need, personally....What may be at issue here...is do we
need the information? The lobbyist is already required, company, corporate,
In-House, whatever, to give you some information about what he or she is doing. |
think there's enough public policy information there around this issue. ...[Brian
Grainger 8:16:25]
The Committee is of the view that requiring the disclosure in the lobbyists registry
of individual names would not provide any significant improvement in transparency, and
could, in fact, impede free communications between public office holders and lobbyists; at
the same time, it would considerably increase compliance and enforcement costs.
Accordingly:
36
Recommendation 16:
The Committee does not recommend that the Act be amended in order to
create a requirement that the names of individuals who have been lobbied
be disclosed in the lobbyists registry.
3. Organizational Disclosure
As indicated above, a number of witnesses expressed the view that the
accountability of In-House (Organization) lobbyists would be enhanced by the disclosure
of more information pertaining to their governance structure and sources of funding. The
Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters (CME), for example, recommended that
organizations be required to disclose the legal status of the organization, its ownership
and or governance structure, the purpose of any federal funding, and the source and
purpose of any foreign funding, and that they be required to ensure that the names of all
employees engaged in lobbying activities be registered under the Act, and that the
lobbyists registration database allow for a search of organizations based on the names of
employees.
For the same reasons that the Committee is satisfied that that current disclosure
requirements are sufficient to ensure the purpose of the Act is achieved, it is also of the
view that greater disclosure on the part of In-House (Organization) lobbyists is not
warranted. As such,
Recommendation 17:
The Committee is satisfied that the current disclosure requirements for
In-House (Organization) lobbyists is sufficient and, for that reason, does
not recommend any changes to the current disclosure requirements in this
respect.
4. Spending Disclosure
It is a widely-held misconception that lobbyists achieve results simply by spending
money; and the more they spend, the better their results. For that reason, some
witnesses suggested that lobbyists should be required to disclose how much they and
their clients are spending on a particular lobbying campaign.
However, most witnesses agreed that the characterization of lobbyists “spreading
» js far too simple a characterization of what lobbyists really do. One
warted merger plans of the major banks to understand that
spending a lot of money on lobbying activities is no guarantee of achieving results. At the
same time, it is quite possible to mount a successful lobbying campaign on a shoestring
budget, particularly in the age of the Internet.
money around the Hill
need only recall the th
oT
Several questions must be addressed when discussing spending disclosure: First,
would it genuinely increase transparency in the system? And second, what would it cost
to comply? What would it cost to administer? And how would it impact on business
confidentiality?
All witnesses agreed that lobbyists spend money in different ways depending on
the nature of the assignment:
...ln Canada the services of lawyers, lobbyists and consultants vary from firm to firm
and from individual to individual. Some chiefly provide representational services;
others place emphasis on providing their clients with information only. Still others
offer a full-service continuum, in terms of monitoring, analysis and a number of other
things that ranges from a complete continuum of activity, only a small portion of
which is lobbying: actually making contact with public officials. [John Scott 12:09:20]
Representatives of Democracy Watch explained how organizations such as
Democracy Watch spend their funds:
... It would include the staff time, preparing materials, research reports, things like
that. [Duff Conacher 8:16:35]
While most witnesses did not support the concept of spending disclosure, the
Committee is of the view that a mere “show of hands” should not determine its response
to this important issue. More fundamentally, the Committee foresees difficulty with the
concept of disclosing spending for the simple reason that the very act of attempting to
quantify lobbying expenditures is a process fraught with uncertainty, as likely to mislead
as to inform. How would that figure be arrived at? Would it include, for example, a pro
rata portion of the administrative costs of the firm, such as secretarial assistance or even
photocopying? Sean Moore discussed the U.S. experience with spending disclosure:
It got very silly very quickly because you had industry associations that had to
calculate what percentage of their light and heat and parking was attributable to
lobbying activity. The numbers very quickly became meaningless. [Sean Moore
14:17:00]
Simply disclosing a monetary figure without providing any details of how that figure
was arrived at would be unlikely to provide meaningful disclosure. Moreover, the costs of
administering and complying with the system would certainly increase.
Still, this is not to say that the proposal is without some merit. For example,
guidelines could be developed to indicate what lobbying expenses must be disclosed. As
such:
38
Recommendation 18:
Although the evidence presented to the Committee was mixed, it is
possible that requiring lobbyists to disclose the amounts that they spend
on lobbying campaigns could lead to greater transparency. For that
reason, the Committee recommends that the proposal be made the subject
of further study by the Department in consultation with stakeholders.
5. Fee Disclosure
In addition to disclosing the money spent on lobbying campaigns, some witnesses
suggested that lobbyists should be required to disclose their fees. Consultant and
In-House (Corporate) lobbyists expressed concern about this proposal:
GPC sees no public benefit associated with the disclosure of fees and is strongly
opposed to any suggestions that consultants and lobbyists should be obliged to
disclose fees. Those who would promote the merits of this suggestion sometimes
refer to disclosure requirements in the United States as a meaningful precedent.
However, based on discussions with our American colleagues and a review of how
disclosure works in practice in the United States, we believe that fee disclosure does
not add transparency to their system. [John Scott 12:09:20]
Some members of the Committee felt that it might be useful to have fee
disclosure. What was lacking in the debate, however, was a definitive statement of how,
exactly, that information would be useful. The Committee is of the view that, before
making such a major departure from the Act as originally passed by Parliament, the case
for fee disclosure would have to be made more convincingly than was the case in these
hearings.
Moreover, requiring fee disclosure could have rather serious implications for the
billing practices of some lobby firms. Sean Moore explains:
My own experience — and | know l'm ridiculed by my colleagues in the government
relations business when | say — that the main objection to fee disclosure in the
government relations business is that a lot of them don't want to know how little they
charge certain clients. That to get clients in the door they may only charge $2,000 or
$3,000 a month, but they're charging someone else $9,000 a month for essentially
the same thing. That's a powerful incentive not to have a financial disclosure, but for
the exact opposite reasons than you'd think. [Sean Moore 14:17:00]
The Committee is aware that the public policy and government relations consulting
industry operates in a very competitive market, much like any other service industry in
Canada today. Lobbying remains a legitimate activity and is an important instrument to
ensure the efficient flow of information in the process of public decision making. The
39
Committee is of the view that fee disclosure is not a desirable option for a number of
reasons:
° Fee disclosure targeted at only one industry would constitute discrimination.
Such discrimination might be justifiable were it to promote the attainment of
an important policy objective. However, the evidence is by no means clear
that greater transparency would result;
e Increased compliance and administrative costs;
® Requiring fee disclosure may be contrary to s.20 of the Access to
Information Act, a provision that prohibits government from disclosing
information that could reasonably be expected to result in a material financial
loss to, or gain to, or prejudice to, the competitive position of, or interference
with, the contractual or other negotiations of a third party. Accordingly;
Recommendation 19:
The Committee is satisfied that the current disclosure requirements are
satisfactory and, for that reason, does not recommend that the Act be
amended in order to require that lobbyists disclose their fees.
6. Contingency Fees
Currently, contingency fee arrangements are not prohibited under the LRA.
Lobbyists are permitted to operate on the basis of contingency fees except where the
matter relates to procurement or grant of funds from the Government of Canada
i.e. where a client will derive some benefit from the government with respect to
procurement, or a grant of funds. Section 5(2)(g) of the LRA requires that lobbyists
declare at the time of filing whether they are receiving contingency fees.
For similar reasons expressed above with respect to fee disclosure:
Recommendation 20:
The Committee is of the view that the current disclosure requirements are
appropriate and adequate and, for that reason, does not recommend that
the Act be amended with respect to contingency fees.
7. Tax Deductibility of Lobbying Fees
The issue of tax deductibility of lobbying fees was also discussed. The Committee
is of the view that taxation policy is an issue properly within the purview of the Minister of
Finance. Some witnesses proposed that the deduction for lobbying expenses be
eliminated since, looked at one way, it is “a public subsidy for wealthy special interests to
40
influence the democratic
disagreed:
... This is an indirect way to su
expense like legal, accountin
endorsed the four guiding pri
public office holders is a le
appropriate suggestion....And in ad
make the costs of havi
reasoned representation t
compromised and that,
Process” [Democracy Watch 8:15:45]. Consultant Lobbyists
ggest that lobbying fees are not a legitimate business
g Of Management consulting services. If we all truly
nciples of the Act, especially the principle that lobbying
gitimate activity, then this initiative is patently not an
dition, if deductibility were removed, it would
ng professional public policy counsel involved giving
0 government on the many complex issues...it would all be
| suggest, would not be in the best interests of
Parliamentarians or of the public service and it would be an undeniable step
backward in a process that has evolved positively in the last 15 years. [John Scott
12:09:30]
The Committee is of the view that federal taxation policy with respect to business
expenses Is a question that is dealt with in the Income Tax Act, and is properly within the
mandate of the Minister of Finance. While the issue will certainly have an impact on
lobbying, it is clear that the Committee’s review of the Lobbyists Registration Act does not
extend to the Income Tax Act. For these reasons:
Recommendation 21:
The Committee does not view the issue of the tax deductibility of lobbying
expenses to be within its current mandate and, for that reason, makes no
recommendation on the issue.
Solicitor-Client Confidentiality
The last witness appearing before the Committee was the Canadian Bar
Association. The CBA recommended certain measures be taken to avoid any potential
conflict between the disclosure requirements under the Act and a lawyer's duty of
confidentiality to clients. The CBA emphasized that it was not seeking an exemption for
lawyers from the duty to disclose, except in the case where disclosure would compromise
the professional obligation of confidentiality. The CBA recommended that section 4(2) of
the Act be amended to read as follows:
4.(2) The Act does not apply in respect Of
(c) any oral or written submission made to a public office holder by an individual on
behalf of any person or organization where confidentiality is required by law.
Al bjection to the proposed
The CBA suggested that “there can be no serious op)
amendment. Any Suipetion could easily be overcome by a requirement that lawyers not
41
disclosing information on ethical grounds would instead indicate their non-disclosure on
those grounds in their filing with the Registrar.”
Mr. Simon Potter (Second Vice-President, Canadian Bar Association)
acknowledged that the conflict was unlikely to arise often:
| expect this conflict to arise very infrequently but it is rapidly imaginable and
plausible that there are situations in which the dilemma occurs to lawyers and when
it does, lawyers, | think, must know from the statute that their paramount obligation
is to protect the privilege which is their oath to protect. [Simon V. Potter 21:15:40]
To understand how conflict might arise, it is first important to understand the nature
of solicitor-client privilege:
...[t is not all communication with the client, but it is all communication meant to lead
to, or obtain legal advice from, a lawyer or legal representation by the lawyer... What
| learn from my client, | must disclose only as my client instructs. Even if a law tells
me to disclose it, | must not disclose it. [Simon V. Potter 21:15:50]
This is an important point: only the client can instruct the lawyer to disclose the
privileged information. If the client instructs the lawyer not to disclose, the lawyer must
respect the client’s instructions and keep the information confidential.
So how does conflict arise between the duty to disclose a client’s identity for the
purpose of the registry and the duty not to disclose confidential information? Mr. Potter
gives an example:
| can imagine that | might be in court arguing that a particular statute — let's say a
taxing statute — means x rather than y and that is the debate in court. And I'm
representing someone who has a very large liability at stake, depending on whether
it is x or y that that statute means, and the statute is ambiguous. And at the same
time | am lobbying in order to get legislative clarification to that statute. It might be
very harmful to my client in that litigation for it to come out that that client is actually
looking for the legislative change on an ongoing basis... It may be interpreted as an
admission that the law really does mean y rather than x. | can imagine that really
hurting my client. [Simon V. Potter 21:16:00]
Mr. Potter provided a second illustration:
...you can imagine a family law situation in which there's a fight, for example, over
custody. Someone might want to lobby for a legislative change, or a policy change,
or a change to a regulation in how elementary pension is calculated, and that person
is actually in court at the same time. It deprives that person from the right to go and
lobby if it is going to expose that person to the information coming out that he really
does think that the law is ambiguous enough that it does not favour him in his
ongoing position in court. [Simon V. Potter 21:16:00]
42
The Committee does not share the CBA’s views for sev reef
lobbyists registry does not require that the lobbyist disclose in Per tne
of the client's submissions, as such, there is no danger that those submissions will be
used as evidence IN Court against the client. Moreover, even if the substance of the
client's position were to be available, the Committee is of the view that the Canadian
judiciary IS sufficiently intelligent to recognize that a party may rely on different arguments
in different venues. In fact, parties to a lawsuit frequently — in fact, usually — advance
alternative arguments in their pleadings. Alternative arguments are clearly identified by
the phrase “in the alternative, it is submitted that...” Courts deal with these arguments in
exactly the manner they are offered — as alternatives — not as mutually exclusive or
contradictory positions.
| Secondly, although the CBA did not bring it to our attention, the Committee is
mindful that the rules governing confidentiality are not absolute. Certain exceptions are
set out, for example, in the Ontario Rules of Professional Conduct:
The lawyer at all times shall hold in strict confidence all information concerning the
business and affairs of the client acquired in the course of the professional
relationship, and should not divulge any such information unless expressly or
impliedly authorized by the client or required by law to do so.
When disclosure is required by law or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction,
the lawyer should always be careful not to divulge more information than is required.
As is clear from these rules, a lawyer is permitted to disclose information when
required by law to do so. There are other examples in federal law where lawyers are
required to disclose information, for example, in the recently enacted amendments to the
Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act. In cases like this, a lawyer facing disciplinary
action for disclosing confidential information would be able to rely for his defence on the
fact that the law required the disclosure.
The CBA proposed that, instead of registering the client, the lawyer/lobbyist might
merely register their non-disclosure on the grounds of confidentiality in their filing with the
Registrar. The Committee does not view this as a satisfactory solution. Permitting lawyers
to merely state that “I object to disclosing my client's identity for reasons of privilege”
instead of actually registering would have at least two detrimental effects. Most obvious is
the fact that it would thwart the purpose of the registry, which aims at identifying clients to
the public; the second point is the potential for abuse of the privilege. Privilege belongs to
the client; the lawyer may assert the privilege on behalf of the client, either of the lawyer's
own initiative, or if the client instructs the lawyer to do so. The lawyer is required to do so
in either case. If the lawyer cannot in good conscience follow those instructions, the
lawyer must no longer represent the client and refer the file elsewhere.
j 5 the lawyer the right to disclose
There is no doubt that if the client does not give you
the name, then the lawyer under the current statute should not be doing the
lobbying....[Simon V. Potter 21:16:10]
43
The Committee is concerned that, in the amendment proposed by the CBA, there
is nothing to prevent any client, or indeed every client, from shielding his identity merely
by advancing a claim of privilege.
The Committee is mindful of the concern expressed by the CBA that the duty to
disclose a client’s identify may place the lawyer in a conflict of interest and that in rare
instances this may result in the client being required to engage different counsel:
When it would be harmful for the client to have the client's identity disclosed or other
piece of information...and the client cannot bring himself or herself to waive that
obligation of privilege.... Should it be that the lawyer must absolutely refuse to
represent that client? ....a lawyer has an ethical obligation not to just drop a client.
[Simon V. Potter 21:16:05]
The conflict situation described by Mr. Potter is a very rare occurrence. He noted
that he himself has never encountered the issue in representing over 10,000 clients
throughout his career. The Committee’s response to the recommendation must balance
the urgency of the problem against the risks posed by the solution. On balance, the
Committee is of the view that the disclosure required by the LRA is unlikely to materially
prejudice litigants in court proceedings. At the same time, the amendment proposed could
be used in an improper fashion to defeat the purpose of the registry. In some rare cases,
then, litigant/clients might be put to the additional expense of retaining separate counsel
to represent their interests in one of the two proceedings. Accordingly:
Recommendation 22:
The Committee is of the view that, while the requirement to disclose a
client’s identity could, in rare cases, cause some hardship to a
litigant in a court proceeding, maintaining the integrity of the lobbyists
registry is a more pressing policy objective and, on that basis, the
Committee does not propose to amend the Act to create an exception
based on solicitor-client privilege to the general registration requirements.
In conclusion, with respect to current disclosure requirements, the Committee is
satisfied that the current disclosure regime represents the correct balance in view of the
fundamental principles set out in the Act and, for that reason does not recommend any
changes to the current disclosure requirements for lobbyists.
2
CHAPTER 4
CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND
ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT
The important aspect is to ensure that your policy process is as open and
transparent as possible. In this way people know who is involved, know who is
giving the information and the advice, and know it is possible to challenge
something on the basis of what they know. [John Chenier 14:17:00]
The Committee discussed several aspects of conflict of interest. Conflict of interest
and access to government are related issues. The essential problem in conflict of interest
is that it distorts the public decision-making process and, as a result, erodes public
confidence in institutions of government. It does so because parties to the conflict are
able to gain some “advantage,” or to circumvent the normal “rules.” Those rules, to which
everyone else is subject, are designed to ensure that government makes its decisions in
accordance with sound management principles and in accordance with principles of
public trust. For this reason, conflict— and the appearance of conflict — if left
unchecked, undermines public confidence in the integrity of the process by which public
decisions are made.
There is a second, related aspect of conflict and it involves the idea of
“information.” Information is, perhaps, the most critical “input” in the decision-making
process. Whether the decision is one of simple contract, e.g. assessing bids on a public
tender, or designing a complicated regulatory scheme that will affect an entire industry, it
is of the utmost importance to decision makers that they have information that is reliable,
up-to-date and complete. For this reason, the integrity of the public decision-making
process relies on the open exchange of information between government and
stakeholder. Public policy must necessarily balance competing interests; that cannot
occur if all, or at least many, interests are not represented. Where conflict of interest
exists, it impedes the free exchange of information by allowing one person — with one
view, one proposal, one bid, etc. — to advance their position to the exclusion of others.
Over time, this also contributes to the erosion of public confidence in government.
Restoring public policy in the policy-making process requires three things be done:
first, we must continue to ensure that conflict of interest is not allowed to occur. That issue
has been addressed in the current Act and the Lobbyists Code of Conduct. The second
issue, certainly of equal importance, is that we must further open up the policy-making
process; we must take steps to remove all impediments to the free exchange of
information between the public and government; and finally, we must actively encourage
everyone concerned to participate in the exchange of ideas; in brief, a truly public debate
over public policy.
45
The first issue for the Committee’s consideration, as summed up by one witness:
...The ability of the profession to represent different interests in a transparent
manner without compromising the advice which may be given to, and the action for,
clients with opposing interests.... [John Scott 12:09:30]
1. “Chinese Walls”
The community of lobbyists is not a large one. Conflicts of interest may occur, for
example, when two lobbyists in the same firm work on different sides of the same issue,
either concurrently or sequentially, or in cases where a firm may be retained to advise the
government on an issue and subsequently be retained by the private sector to make
representations on the same or related issues. In such cases, precautions are usually
taken to ensure that confidential information is not exchanged.
Officially, the Registrar has expressed the view that the Canadian Bar
Association’s guidelines for “chinese walls” are adequate to pre-empt possible conflict.
However, as the Ethics Counsellor noted:
Chinese walls are very hard to maintain. I'm not arguing that the Conflict of Interest
Code here in fact does use Chinese walls. There are occasions where you have to
put them in place in order to protect the integrity of certain information. This is a
major problem with law firms and accounting firms, and will increasingly be the case
as you get larger and larger firms being formed. [Howard Wilson 5:16:50]
While some industry participants view the guidelines as “appropriate where
litigation and court related issues of evidence are involved,” some concern was expressed
that the guidelines are flawed in that they “focus on excluding the conflicted person from
any contact with colleagues who may be working on a conflicted issue.” However,
In the lobbying profession it is not a matter of isolating the person, but of isolating
the work that is being done. The Canadian Bar Association guidelines are not
practical or relevant in that context. [John Scott 12:09:30]
As a result, some lobbying firms have established their own conflict protocol.
Government Policy Consultants, for example, has such a code, which in its view:
...fully meets the lobbyist code but which applies more workable restraints within a
lobbying type of profession. More important, the GPC protocol has been endorsed
by our clients, who have the most at stake, as protecting their interests. They say
that it protects their interests entirely while retaining the excellence and integrity of
the service provided to them. [John Scott 12:09:30]
46
a ye Important points flow from this statement. The first is that conflict of interest,
While undeniably having implications for the public policy debate, remains primarily a
concern of the clients whose interests are being represented. In the legal profession
when a lawyer represents or advises clients with competing interests, the lawyer must
declare the conflict and may continue only if the consent of the clients is obtained.
Lobbying, like law, involves advocating on behalf of a client: lobbying differs primarily in
the nature of the services rendered and in the fact that one of the parties is the Canadian
government, and ultimately the Canadian taxpayer. Does that mean that every taxpayer
should be informed of every potential conflict and asked for their informed consent?
Some would say that this should be our aim. It is a weighty question, fundamentally
related to the concept of representative government.
| Canadians elect MPs to make laws for them and to spend their tax dollars wisely,
In a way that is consistent with the public trust. But the scope and complexity of modern
government requires that Parliament delegate some of its authority; and so it empowers
the executive branch, i.e. “the department,” with the authority to make regulations, to
formulate policy, and to procure goods and services in order to ensure the continued
effective functioning of government in the service of Canadians. These tasks are carried
out through countless individual transactions involving thousands of public and private
sector employees. In that process conflicts, real and apparent, may arise. How far do we
go to ensure that the process is carried out with integrity? Do we install video cameras or
tape recorders in every public office? Should public servants and elected representatives
be kept under constant scrutiny? Should we require that all public servants and elected
representatives disclose the most minute details of their workday, every phone call, every
conversation? If so, why stop there? Why not have them disclose a list of their friends and
relatives? Some would say this should be our goal. The Committee does not endorse that
view. And neither does it accept the premise upon which it rests — that public servants
are inherently corrupt or corruptible and, for the public good, must be kept under constant
scrutiny.
The Committee believes strongly that, for the thousands of men and women
employed in it, the “public service” is more than just the name of their employer Sy itis an
idea; an idea that, when you work for the government, you work for all Canadians. You
serve the public. The Committee believes that, with very few exceptions, the men and
women of the Canadian public service understand and honour the notion of the public
trust and carry out their duties honestly and in good faith. This is the most fundamental
axiom of representative government: that we are justified in placing our faith in our public
servants.
ists Code of Conduct is clear and unequivocal in prohibiting lobbyists
from Se Sc conflicting or competing interests without the informed consent of those
whose interests are involved. But whose interests are involved? In the broadest sense,
the Canadian taxpayer; but, speaking practically, the consent of every Mie cannot
sought in every decision. Instead, we trust our public servants to do the right thing, to ac
47
faithfully and diligently in discharging the public trust. This is the person, in practice, to
whom the conflict must be declared and the person whom we trust to ensure that the
interests of the ultimate client, the Canadian taxpayer, are protected.
In addition, Consultant Lobbyists are required to advise public office holders that
they have informed their clients of any “actual, potential or apparent” conflict of interest
and obtained their informed consent to continue. As well, the Lobbyists Code states that
lobbyists shall not place public office holders in a conflict of interest by proposing or
undertaking any action that would “constitute an improper influence.” The Committee is
satisfied that the principles set out in the Lobbyists Code of Conduct are sufficient to
ensure that, where potential conflict arises, it is addressed in a manner consistent with the
public trust.
2. Pre-empting conflict
Democracy Watch made a number of recommendations aimed at ensuring
conflict, or the potential for conflict, does not arise. The Committee is concerned that the
response may not be proportional to the actual problem. Among the many
recommendations made by Democracy Watch, three were addressed directly to avoiding
conflict or the appearance of conflict:
...Lobbyists should be required to disclose past or current work with governments,
political parties, or candidates for federal public office. [Aaron Freeman 8:15:45]
What is not immediately clear is how disclosing such information would prevent
conflicts. It seems to flow from the presumption that a person, by getting involved with
party politics or government, becomes privy to valuable confidential information by virtue
of which the person may gain unfair advantage. But does every involvement by an
individual with “government” or “political parties” result in the exchange of confidential
information or the promise of “payback for services rendered”? How far back in time
would the requirement extend? How long does “valuable” information keep its value? How
long before “contacts” go cold? The Committee heard that, in politics, contacts and
information go stale very quickly:
In the real world anything you Know when you leave a job is known on the street
within six months. So whether it's procurement, whether it's something else,
everyone knows it after six months — cabinet secrets, whatever. It's all in the public
domain. So realistically, that knowledge edge has dissipated. In some cases it's
gone in two weeks. | think | can assure you that in most cases you don't know
anything that most people who really want to find out and are working the system in
any sort of assiduous fashion haven't figured out after six months. [Scott Proudfoot
15:10:50]
48
In any case, information of this if i
; sort — if it reveals anything of value — is largely
available through other sources. For all of these reasons, the Committee does not adopt
this recommendation. Another recomm i shi
lobbyists endation from Democracy Watch would prohibit
. from serving in senior iti i iti j
positions on campaigns of political parties or
candidates. .[Aaron Freeman 8:16:15] ES j É
Mr. Freeman noted that “this is prohibited in two U.S. States.” Presumably then, it
is tolerated in the other 48. The recommendation presents certain conceptual difficulties,
not the least of which is the impact on the individual's freedom of association, a right
guaranteed by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The suggestion here
appears to be that “political” lobbyists will be able to call in favours among their friends
that they helped to elect. The Committee finds little to agree with in this characterization
of Canada’s elected representatives.
A third recommendation from Democracy Watch:
Lobbyists should be prohibited from doing work for the government departments
that they are lobbying. [Aaron Freeman 8:15:45]
This recommendation aims at preventing conflict of interest resulting from the
unauthorized disclosure of confidential information between associates in the same firm
that might be working on opposite sides of an issue. Modern departments of government
are vast operations, involving hundreds or thousands of employees. Lobbyists may be
consulted for many purposes, not the least of which may be for their considerable
expertise on policy issues. The Committee is of the view that it would be
counterproductive to issue a blanket prohibition of the sort suggested. Departmental
policy advisors routinely deal with highly specialized and technical issues. In many cases,
only a handful of individuals in the country might have the necessary expertise to be able
to assist the department by providing informed analysis. The suggested prohibition would
be very likely to lead to all the available experts being “conflicted out,” and precluded from
providing advice to the department.
Still, it may be that potential for conflict exists in some situations. Two witnesses,
who otherwise found little to agree on, expressed the issue:
_.. There may be an issue here, to the extent that governments or public officials are
contracting out consultations to private consultants. Then those consultants
themselves are providing some input in the consultation themselves. That may be a
conflict of interest that you may want to consider. [Jayson Myers 7:09:20]
49
The point was seconded with an illustration by Mr. Freeman:
...When the Treasury Board decided to develop guidelines for the high-tech sector,
and they opted to hire a high-tech lobbyist — a lobbyist that represents high-tech
firms — to facilitate the development of those guidelines, was the end process a
pro-industry result? Some would say yes, some would say no. [Aaron Freeman
8:16:00]
The Committee took particular note of what appears to be an increasing trend
toward “contracting out” policy studies and consultation to private sector consulting firms.
While the identity of the consulting firm itself would be reflected in the public record, what
would not be clear is who, precisely, is advising the consultants? As Sean Moore explains
the issue, the trend is perhaps most evident in the development of science policy:
The science war.... The most complicated, difficult, and frustrating type of lobbying
these days is anything that has to do with science and health....You can go out and
buy almost any science you want these days, and how much transparency is there
in that? Should we be requiring people who are providing what is supposed to be
scientific evidence on something...should there be much more information about
who paid them to do this? [Sean Moore 14:17:00]
The issue does not suggest an easy solution:
Its an awfully long food chain you follow after a while as to what sort of
information is used and is provided to government. Do you have to catalogue how
the human labour that went into producing that research was paid for at every point
along the way? | don't know. [Sean Moore 14:17:00]
John Chenier agreed that the “process would be very laborious and perhaps not
airtight.”
| think the important aspect is to ensure that your policy process is as open and
transparent as possible. In this way people Know who is involved, know who is
giving the information and the advice, and know it is possible to challenge
something on the basis of what they know. However, at the current time it may be
that the people who are consulted, the people who are involved, are not generally
known to anyone else because the consultative process is closed. Therein you
would have your problem. [John Chenier 14:17:00]
However, having identified the problem, no clear solution was suggested. It is
questionable whether expanding the disclosure obligations under the lobbyists registry
would resolve the issue. Again, the question becomes: how much disclosure should we
require?
| don't think you should ask people whether they have ever worked for
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco or whatever in order to make them say what they did
50
15 years ago somethin i i i j
ago, g that will taint all their evidence. | don't think you would
necessarily want a process like that. [John Chenier 14:17:10] |
The Committee is mindful of the potential for conflicts when private sector
consultants provide advice on the development of government policy. The subject is of
special concern for the reason that its real effect on the direction of public policy is not
necessarily apparent and, more importantly, not easily discoverable by the public. A
complete examination of this important emerging issue is beyond the scope of the current
study, however, and for that reason the Committee is unable to offer definitive
recommendations. However:
Recommendation 23:
The Committee recommends that the role of private sector consultants in
developing government policy is a subject that Parliament should study
further, with a view to promoting transparency and ensuring that conflicts
of interest do not arise.
3. The Cooling Off Period
Another aspect of conflict of interest relates to the post-employment “cooling off
period” to which some public office holders are subject after leaving office. The “cooling
off’ period refers to those provisions in the Post-Employment Conflict of Interest Code
that impose restrictions on a former public office holder’s post-employment lobbying
activities. The Committee is aware that issues arising under the Conflict of Interest and
Post-Employment Code are beyond the scope of the current study; again, however, the
Ethics Counsellors dual role leads to blurring of the boundaries and, for this reason,
many witnesses spoke to issues related to the Conflict of Interest Code.
The Committee heard that, as important as it is to ensure real fairness exists in the
system, it is important that the system appear to be fair as well. One member discussed
the great concern Canadians have with the “easy access and congenial familiarity that
some lobbyists have with key decision-makers” and the relationship that may exist
between decision-makers and those lobbyists who were once involved in the
decision-making process. The Ethics Counsellor addressed the purpose underlying the
“cooling off period”:
The post-employment provisions are in the Conflict of Interest Code for precisely the
concerns that you have raised, that there might be a perception that someone will
be able to take advantage in their first year after leaving office to make
representations on behalf of others with some sense that they have a preferred
status. That's why we have a cooling off period of one year, both with respect to who
you can take a job with and that is if you have direct and significant official dealings
with some company, you are not able to take a job with that company and you
cannot make representations back to those departments that you had direct and
significant dealings with again for a period of one year. [Howard Wilson 5:16:45]
51
The Ethics Counsellor also emphasized the importance, and the difficulty of,
striking the right balance:
This is essentially a balance. It's a balance between people not being in a position to
take undue advantage of their last year in office, but also to remember that if you
don't afford people the opportunity to build on their experiences and get on with a
future life, it’s going to be very, very hard to attract people into this life at all. [Howard
Wilson 5:16:45]
The Ethics Counsellor discussed his practical experience with the conflict of
interest rules:
My experience in the past several years is that they have been working quite well.
We meet with, for example, political staffers frequently who, if they're going to be
having continuing dealings with government, certainly with Ministers and other
senior officials. It can be quite restrictive... This is particularly the case if there is a
fairly major electoral change. | think the Lobbyists Code has worked well in that we
communicate with each one of these individuals who is subject to the Lobbyists
Code annually. We talk to them in advance of their departure as to what limitations
are going to be placed on them about what they can and cannot do and | can tell
you that these prohibited activities that you're raising, and that is who you can take a
job with and who you can lobby back, can be very limiting. [Howard Wilson 5:16:50]
Democracy Watch did not agree:
Two years is too short, there's usually not an election within that two-year period,
there isn't a change of government, let alone a change in bureaucracy and the
Minister's relationships are still too strong with departments. [Duff Conacher 8:16:25]
However, as John Chenier expressed the point:
It's a very, very difficult thing to deny a person their living. They're going to leave one
career and go into another. How can you say, “I'm sorry, you can't earn a living for
12 months or 18 months or two years. [John Chenier 14:16:35]
Scott Proudfoot also addressed the issue:
So | really think you have to sit there and ask, what are you really trying to do — just
really punish people? Do you really want to sit there and say to people, look, if
you've been a successful lawyer, and you've had a practice in a certain area, we're
going to make it as hard as hell for you to go back to that area and practice after you
leave public life to make a living? Why would | run for office? You have to sit there
and ask, in how many ways do we discourage people from coming into public life?
We're really coming up with new ones all the time [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:55]
52
The Committee concurs in this view. While the adequacy of the “cooling off period”
no “i the Conflict of Interest and Post-Employment Code for Public Office
aes is a y outside the scope of the present study, the Committee considers that the
€ must be understood in light of the realities of life after politics. In many cases,
employment prospects of former Parliamentarians may be limited. However, one thing
that Members of Parliament take away from their tenure on the Hill is a good
understanding of the process by which policy becomes law. It is, perhaps, not
unreasonable to expect that a former Parliamentarian might wish to make a living from
that knowledge, legitimately acquired in the service of Canadians. Still, it is important to
ensure that Parliamentarians returning to the Hill as lobbyists should be mindful of
conducting themselves in a way that upholds the integrity of the institutions of Parliament
and government.
The Committee is aware that the issue of the post-employment “cooling off period’
Is not a subject that falls within the current study, and for that reason makes no
recommendation on that subject. Moreover, the Committee is aware that this and other
related subjects have been studied in the past by committees of both chambers, and will
likely be the subject of further study in future. In any case, the Committee is of the view
that such a discussion is perhaps best reserved for the appropriate committee.
4. Integrity and Access to Government
At the heart of any discussion about lobbying lies the larger issue of integrity in
government. Where conflict of interest is permitted to exist it undermines integrity by
permitting one interest or one point of view to be advanced to the exclusion of others. The
lobbyists registry does a great deal to open the process and expose potential conflicts to
public scrutiny. People can easily find out who is talking to government, who is providing
information and influencing — or trying to influence — the opinions of decision-makers.
That information is readily available to anyone with internet access. Access to this
information promotes integrity in government by providing a clear window onto the
policy-making process: the lobbyists registry reveals, among other things, the issues that
are being considered, exactly where “inside government” they are being considered and
the identity of the private sector interests and NGOs that are involved in trying to influence
that process. In effect, the lobbyists regisiry shows precisely where “inside government”
the debate is taking place, and thereby opens that debate to public participation. The
possibility of one strategically placed lobbyist “hijacking” the public policy debate, shutting
out opposing views and other sources of information, appears to no longer exist in
practical terms. This was the purpose for which the system was created, and it has largely
succeeded. Pierre Morin made the point:
…Initially the Act came about because of so-called scandals... That brought the
n of the 1988 act into its current version. But you're still trying to resolve the
ou should look at it this way: what are the issues in 2001? What
e e-community — are before you here? That's really the issue.
n 1988. They're long gone. [Pierre Morin 15:10:30]
revisio
1988 issue. Maybe y
issues — such as th i
Don't try to resolve the scandals ir
S|
The point was expanded upon by Peter Clark. As he described it, the Act was a
statute:
...that was essentially designed to guard against influence-peddling and the selling
of contacts.... That's why we have to report every meeting we arrange....What we're
dealing with now is a government that's based far more on transparency. Because
of the Internet, we have to deal in information; we can't deal in influence.
Governments have to base policies on information. But what we need to know is,
where is the information coming from, and who do the people represent? [Peter
Clark 15:10:35]
However, even though the Act has brought a measure of transparency to the
decision-making process, this is only part of the picture. The lobbyists registry forms part
of a larger legislative framework, which aims at ensuring integrity in the process of public
decision making by, first, making the process transparent and, second, by opening the
process to wide public participation. But, the Committee heard, the process by which
policy is made still cannot be described as inclusive:
DAD: decide, announce, defend. That is the approach of Parliamentary government,
decide, announce, defend, rather than when big issues are coming up being much
more open and saying “this is the issue, these are the options, these are some of
the pros and cons to each of these options. [Sean Moore 14:16:40]
Democracy Watch makes the same point:
Most Canadians do not understand the legislative process. They believe, when a bill
has been introduced, that this is the first decision that's been made and that things
are now open to be changed, and they can send in their letter and the Minister will
consider it. No, all the decisions have already been made. [Duff Conacher 8:15:55]
What emerges from this is the point that integrity in government really has two
aspects: one is the desire Canadians have to see that the decisions being made by their
government are being made fairly and intelligently, in accordance with principles of sound
business management and the public trust. At the same time, though, Canadians also
want to be involved in the process by which those decisions are made. Canadians quite
rightly want to know who is driving the public policy debate, what factors are shaping the
discussions and the decisions that are being made. But, equally important, ordinary
Canadians need assurance that their government is listening to their concerns as well. It
is not enough that we simply open the door; we must encourage all Canadians to join the
discussion.
Despite their best efforts, governments and “politicians” are today sometimes
viewed with suspicion :
54
A lot of times, when you look at attitudes v
and the Issues, it's almost like they want t
2. , ee i elected officials, “We don't trust you; we're going to stamp a big sign on
your forehead that Says we don't trust you.” Frankly, you can trust just about
everyone there, with very few exceptions, and to have everyone operate under
Suspicion is really not healthy and is actually terribl
y expensive and costly when you
look at where it leads to. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:55] . -
is-a-vis the way people approach lobbying
0...Say to public servants, “We don't trust
| While the reasons for modern scepticism about government are many, one is
certainly the feeling, on the part of many Canadians, that they cannot make a difference,
that their government is not interested in hearing what they have to say. Reversing this
trend, and restoring faith in institutions of government, will require a significant change in
thinking about the way governments make policy. We must begin to engage Canadians
earlier in the policy development process, and that engagement must be active;
governments must encourage it and seek it out.
The Committee is also of the view that there is a vital role for Members of
Parliament in the policy-making process. Sean Moore, recalling his years as a
Washington, D.C. lobbyist, talked about the difference between Canadian MPs and their
“American brothers and sisters...”:
The relative role of legislators in this country is very modest. That's not to say that
when legislative matters come up you ignore MPs, but frankly, they are usually
much farther down the list of people you need to deal with, because the genus of
legislation in this country usually is two or three years prior to the date it hits the floor
of the House of Commons. [Sean Moore 14:16:20]
Notably, many members of the Committee expressed exception to Mr. Moore’s
characterization of the role of MPs in the legislative process.
Some have reasoned that modern skepticism towards government and institutions
of state is the result of the relentless and penetrating (and, some would say, cynical) eye
of the media in the post-Watergate era. Today, that same media may yet provide the
means of restoring public confidence in government. Today, communications
technology — most obviously the Internet — allows the exchange of news, information
and ideas, with a breadth of audience and a speed of delivery unimaginable 20 years
ago. The Committee heard considerable discussion about the internet, how it has begun
to change the way we “do government,” and how that impact will be increasingly felt.
“Meaningful consultations” may become more than something we merely aim at. It may
be within our grasp.
55
da
SAS
5 4
LA =
iy ia ve bent ae
ANSE An als ey oy ts bee eee
es: ie sis EX DIN PS) sens L LE AE En
sue # Pr io ba he Bt ene eee
2 Pc €
jo a
& 428 me ai? ain “ice ee AE
worl BOB: ak
> ee ital ae €
TT ae “pe
nn, Ua
sata Ds MMA ES
ar Ge oe ore VT
aly ara, gest, (urna Wi ete: ‘ .
| ur Aie ni norats 00.
4}
to été BA ALU rai iso on
Atha iter} ire”
agit rN) A OF nées nego | ish
J 266001i; avitéle ci 80
neko esuct ter do
| So DE MAS T te
We = ia
té ,
ve ge nag ur:
ye LES Be HIGHS LN ba pram i
Logie eae iy hg ae lt eng. ft 2 ET om a
| remet fr Let pat o ta it
CHAPTER 5
__ POLICY MAKING IN THE INFORMATION
AGE AQLOBBYING, ACCESS AND THE INTERNET
Lobbying is really about taking private interests and making them merge with the
public interest, while being totally transparent... The Internet is a key factor in
making that happen today....We think there's a critical role for government and for
Ph DEN to make sure it happens in a meaningful way. [Michael Teeter
The Lobbyists Registration Act is really about transparency and making public
advocacy more transparent. While the Act is, in our experience, well run and
meeting a real need, to some extent | think there really are bigger things going on. In
fact, there are things government can do to really open up the process a heck of a
lot more, beyond the Lobbyists Registration Act — and what we're really talking
about is the public consultation process and how it works. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:20]
3. The Power of the Internet
One of the most interesting topics of discussion in which the Committee engaged
was on the subject of the Internet, and its impact on lobbying and the public consultation
process. The discussion was led by Scott Proudfoot and Michael Teeter, co-creators of
www.Hillwatch.com, a Web portal designed as a politics and public policy on-line
resource centre for people working in politics and government or for people who want to
influence government. The site categorizes and provides links to over 2,300 sites to help
people find useful resources. For example, the site lists 450 Canadian groups and
organizations in different issue areas, as well as several hundred international groups.
The site is intended to showcase the public policy positions of private sector
associations, NGOs and coalitions corporations. Since its creation six months ago, the
site has attracted some 40,000 visitors, attesting to the power of the Internet:
The power of the Internet to really shape a lot of public policy discussion really
arrives from the fact of where people go first for information. Increasingly, with over
50% of the Canadian population connected, with the people involved in the press,
with people involved in public policy discussion, with association executives, | think
you'll find the rate of connection is probably around 80% to 90% in many
instances.[Scott Proudfoot 15:10:10]
What is the nature of the link between the Internet and lobbying? The most
obvious connection is the fact that the lobbyists registry is online and some 98% of
registrations are done electronically. The ready availability of the registry on the Internet
57
has, in the opinion of most observers, contributed to a significant improvement in
transparency in the public policy-making process:
The theory behind this is that if you really want to know who's saying what on the
issues you're debating, and what issues are being debated inside governments and
SO on, you really can go to the Internet to find out. If you put them. together in an
organized fashion and in a meaningful fashion, think of what it gives the public.
[Michael Teeter 15:10:10]
Interestingly, it appears to be the case that the groups making most effective use
of the new medium as a lobbying tool are often those with the fewest resources:
The groups that have understood the value of the Internet as a campaign tool, as a
tool to promote their points of view, have been the civil society groups. It's not that
they're smarter than anyone else. In fact, they have less resources. They therefore
figured out that the Internet is sort of a tool that allows them to do stuff online better,
more cheaply, and quicker, and they've gravitated to this. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:15]
The effective use of the Internet by civil society groups has prompted other
organizations to make their own policies clear. An example was offered of the GMO food
debate:
The anti-GMO food activists use the Internet to attack the mainstream corporations.
The mainstream corporations, which didn't know what hit them, frankly, all of a
sudden found they had to really respond in public and defend their position. If you go
to their corporate sites now, or if you go to their association sites, there's a lot of
good, reliable information, there's a lot of self-interested information, there's a lot of
scientific evidence, and there's a lot of fear-mongering. There's a whole potpourri of
information that you can find on the issue. Four or five years ago, you wouldn't have
seen any of this information. Now it's all largely publicly accessible. Basically,
beyond the Lobbyists Registration Act, we think the Internet is really pushing the
whole industry to be a heck of a lot more public and transparent where people can
find it. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:15]
But many public interest groups are doing more than just looking for information:
They're organizing to put pressure on governments....They are lobbyists, but they're
not just one person representing somebody behind the scenes and having to
register. You're talking about millions using the Internet to organize themselves.
[Michael Teeter 15:10:20]
2. AChallenge for Governments
The emergence of the Internet poses a number of questions for legislators and
other policy-makers. Members of Parliament are already familiar with at least one issue:
What to do with all the E-mail?
58
sabes ble comes with some downside. One of the downside effects is that you,
Pasi Tc of Parliament, are going to be subjected to a heck of a lot more of what
political spam. We just saw a recent report that senators in the U.S. are getting
Ans ue a month. House representatives are getting 8,000. [Scott Proudfoot
The growth of Internet lobbying also raises the difficul | ini
is behind a Web site: une ifficult question of determining who
Associations have structures, they have laws that regulate their incorporation, and
so on. But these don't. They don't have leadership, they don't have mandates, and
they don't have rules that govern their behaviour. A key challenge for governments
will therefore be what to do with these things. What do you do with these
communities that are putting pressure on you? [Michael Teeter 15:10:20]
Scott Proudfoot suggested that the solution to the problem lies with the
development of voluntary codes:
So if there is a concern about disclosure and the lack of disclosure with these
groups, they all have websites. If we could get them to agree on a good code of
practice voluntarily, l'm sure most of them would voluntarily submit to it and would
be part of it. | think that would solve a lot of the problems. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:40]
3. Raising Public Awareness
In spite of these concerns, it is clear that the Internet can be a powerful tool for
raising public awareness by “getting the message out”:
A lot of people want more direct democracy. They don't just want to replace
representatives; | think they want to replace the media, too, if not more so. What
you're going to get is the “Animal Rights Supper Hour” or the “Anti-Globalization
Evening Show”. That's really where it's going. It's going to be a very different world
that's going to force all of us to adjust in a fairly major way [Scott Proudfoot
151015]
In addition to contributing to greater public awareness about important issues, the
Internet will, at the same time, permit policy-makers to expand the process of public
consultations in a meaningful way. The Committee is aware that this process is already
underway to some degree in the Canadian government and governments around the
world:
The very officials we're talking about now who are being lobbied by lobbyists form
e-communities of their own. E-communities are being formed inside government as
we speak, and these communities are taking policy positions... [Michael Teeter
15:10:20]
59
The Committee listened with great interest to the U.K. experience with online
consultations. The U.K government has created a “citizen portal” called UK Online. In the
portal called “Citizen Space” they have a button labelled “Consultations” that takes the
visitor to a central registry, where information is available about all consultations going on
in the government. The site also permits the visitor to link to background information
provided by officials, and provides the coordinates for who to contact and where to send
submissions. The central registry links the various departmental registries. In addition,
some departmental registries link to departmental sites, which provide a “Consultations”
button. In the normal course, the sites provide information about which consultations are
live and which have just closed. For those that have closed and for which the government
has rendered a decision, a summary is provided of who appeared, what was said, and
what the government's decision was.
Hillwatch’s co-founders suggested that, by creating a similar site, the Canadian
government could create the means and the incentives for Canadians to participate in a
more meaningful way in the public policy debate:
We think it's a heck of a good idea. People would have more incentive to get
involved, to be included, to find out what's going on, and we'd recommend that you
just go over there and steal the idea, holus-bolus, and apply it in Canada. [Scott
Proudfoot 15:10:20]
However, Hillwatch was of the view that the U.K. system could be improved upon.
One way would be to provide E-mail notification of pending consulations to anyone who
had expressed an interest:
...all you have to do is create, as part of a consultation registry, a list of thirty or forty
key topics. Are you interested in these topics? Put in your check and put in your
E-mail. We'll then send you an E-mail to tell you when a consultation comes up. You
can then go to the consultation site, get more information, get the background, and
get involved if you want. It's very simple, cheap, and easy technology. [Scott
Proudfoot 15:10:20]
Hillwatch offered a second constructive suggestion for improvement:
If you have a consultation registry, why not have a submission button? Have a list of
people who have made submissions. They could provide the links to the material on
their sites. They could provide the links to the material on the site where people can
view it, or the government could provide some sort of central registry with a
searchable database. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:20]
The Committee is mindful, of course, that the confidentiality of sensitive business
information should still be protected. For that reason, parties making submissions would
have to be given the choice of disclosing the substance of their brief:
60
Now there is one important caveat here: | think it has to be voluntary. There are
times when we're involved with clients and the information is confidential — we
shouldn't be giving away information we wouldn't want their competitors to know. |
think people have to have the right not to volunteer information. But | think most
people would participate. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:25]
The Committee found much to Support in the recommendations of Hillwatch. We
are aware that the Government of Canada has already set up a Web portal to access
government institutions (www.canada.gc.ca), into which these recommended innovations
could easily be incorporated.
4. The Role of Parliamentarians
Where is the elected member of Parliament in all this? To some extent, you can be
left out of the process. As we talk about consultative mechanisms and
e-communities, | think we have to think about how to build elected representatives
and democratic accountability into the process. [Scott Proudfoot 15:10:25]
Members of the Committee are aware of what some observers have referred to as
the steady diminution of the role of ordinary MP in the policy-making process. Many
members come to Parliament with great experience and expertise in different areas; the
traditional view is that MPs are involved in the policy debate only at the point when a bill
comes before us. Members of Parliament do, in fact, get involved earlier in the process.
In fact, effective representation of our constituents often makes our early involvement
necessary. But Members of Parliament are often kept no better informed than members
of the public about what goes on inside the various departments of government. Hillwatch
suggested a simple means by which the Internet could be used to bring Members “into
the loop” earlier in the process.
there should be a button that says: Contact your MP. If something is important to
you, send your representation to your MP. You have to build that in. As
e-government evolves, you have to look for other ways to build MPs into the
process. I'd be very concerned if we didn't make that a major priority. [Scott
Proudfoot 15:10:25]
But will this mean even more work for Members, in addition to their already busy
schedules? Perhaps. But the Committee looks upon it as an opportunity to represent our
constituents more effectively and efficiently, by entering into an ongoing “e-dialogue” with
them. In addition to increasing our effectiveness as elected representatives, Hillwatch
reminded the Committee that there are other advantages to actively engaging with
constituents in this way:
mmunicate with you as MPs via the Internet, from your
rwise, you should look on that as an opportunity to capture data.
that person essentially becomes a
Once you learn something about a person, €
AE American politicians have perfected this, and its coming to Canada.
[Michael Teeter 15:10:30]
when people co
constituency or othe
61
The Committee is of the view that the Internet offers a unique and exciting
opportunity for the Government of Canada and Members of Parliament to engage
Canadians in the public policy debate to an unprecedented degree. By making it easy for
Canadians to have their views heard, public policy-making can reflect the views and
interests of all Canadians, and not just of those who can afford access to government. By
engaging Canadians in a meaningful way in the debate, public policy can become truly
reflective of the wishes of all Canadians.
In order to promote transparency in the process by which public decision making is
made, and in order to ensure that all Canadians are able to contribute effectively to the
policymaking process:
Recommendation 24:
The Committee recommends that the Department of Industry, in
consultation with other departments of government, devote the necessary
resources and proceed with all deliberateness to design and implement an
Internet architecture, to be incorporated into the Government of Canada
website (http://www.canada.gc.ca), and to include the following features:
e An easy-to-find “Consultations” portal to take visitors to a central
registry containing information about all consultations currently going
on in the government, with links to the departments undertaking the
consultations;
Additional links to background information prepared or received by
government in relation to a consultation;
Links to persons or departments to contact and where to send
submissions;
Information about which consultations are open and which have just
closed; and, for those that have closed and for which the government
has rendered a decision, a Summary of who appeared, what was said,
what the government's decision was and the reasons for it;
e An E-mail notice subscription list to permit Canadians to be informed
of upcoming consultations on subjects of concern to them;
A “contact your MP” button to permit Canadians to copy their MPs with
their submissions to government.
Recommendation 25:
As well, once the consultations portal is available, the Committee
recommends that the government undertake to advertise and publicize the
site in order to make Canadians aware of its existence and of the
opportunity to become involved in the public policy-making process.
62
“SELS CONCLUSION
| Based on the evidence presented for our consideration, the Committee is of the
view that the lobbyists registration system is, on balance, working well to achieve the
objectives for which it was designed. The recommendations we have put forward cannot
really be said to be fundamental; however, we believe they will result in a more efficient,
more effective, and more enforceable system.
| We heard many suggestions as to how the system might work even better, and we
listened to all those suggestions with interest and open minds. The issues were often
complex, involving questions ranging far beyond a study of the Act itself. In this report, we
have tried to clarify how we approached those suggestions, how we “thought them
through” and why we have made the recommendations we have.
While many important ideas emerged from our discussion, perhaps the most
significant is that the lobbyists registration system is really best understood as “a work in
progress.” Just as our thinking must continue to evolve on subjects of transparency and
access to government, so must our legislative framework remain flexible and ready to
evolve; in this way, we will be able to respond to significant changes in the environment in
which public policy decisions are made. The emergence of the Internet is the most
obvious of these significant changes.
The pace of technological change makes predicting the future an uncertain
enterprise. The Act mandates only a single four-year review. Should the Act be reviewed
again in four years time? Our current review is complete; yet we are reluctant to close the
book, and to say that the Lobbyists Registration Act is sufficient, now and for all time, to
ensure that the goals it reflects will continue to be achieved. This much is certain, though:
We must continue to use all the means at our disposal to open the public policy debate to
all Canadians equally, regardless of who they are or where in this country they live, and
regardless of the means at their disposal. The age of the Internet — the Information
Age — presents us with both unprecedented opportunities and unprecedented
challenges. The Committee is confident that together we will continue to meet those
challenges.
63
ea ow. “el ET
‘neve dst
Habmes sport cures: LM:
| dl » À “a | =
De 2112 "ARRET es 003 | 4 |
Daag bees ane Nine! own days § aif aoe dé eo EU: “ex ein
nelle s1dw estedi Pit! au feae brie Jeavela rite enoned
ow MOVE arth sa We ati Yo ybille & Love et ont a)
- mesh tip eme NOTE RAMESH Ie Ahr! Bete
oS af EN exil alge THE taal 4 rat eee
~~ ace [1 mg mé ren, Ps
Lach eit) eget 4 pret 18 mon Days, Hae
ig 104 ~~ a ei ngleve UQuGwen a
ve. “YHA Sune) 240s Ap aiidgve OF Sune euie areas
4) nés cre kee x viet meet site) incense
ni rohit at. Carte eine’ * ncn dh
hearty WA) Bremen Say to SOMME" 7 ps ah
Mi hile ns Fe oh Nice
‘0 As ' el
2
CTI
à
| =; A : ‘itis =o wy as Ta
épaisse nouffi Bi ae te joe (i> vet Jet Tonrigal, 19: sae
Lois Ed tait Diode ane es quo? Re 19 esta yA oat aes
i : walven LOT ame say d
ail} oF EE) LINALDIÉ = ow fey "Ne
ao an ia rons won. Iran DA aMieteliae eye s11)80t ve at
ouai rh ae Meet Fe) mera aun ehh gt Seek
ef eecdainetoqeionénhdsht ot 22 AIONE 5 EU EU AR
bn deu spas dt mp aye fo yacltae yc . MAB EMAE
noire settee Sa B01, Maes Ne emer
hetrotenengiu Tone aus aaa. ood. (iw eo. a
eut mit a gin "IN men pes Hating eros A &
| LES r aye "OR t
| 7 +t À ’
de pie set Taint di Ex SALE Py
Fig LE Ae :
lee a Ra «
4 a) “SS
LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendation 4:
The Committee recommends that the Government undertake a study to
determine rates of compliance under the Act and the reasons for
non-compliance where it exists.
Recommendation 2:
The Committee recommends that the Act be amended to create a new
office, which shall have the exclusive responsibility of investigating and
reporting to Parliament on alleged violations of the Lobbyists Code of
Conduct.
Recommendation 3:
The Committee recommends that the Registrar of Lobbyists, the Office of
the Ethics Counsellor and the Department of Justice undertake further
consultations with a view to determining the most appropriate legislative
response to the enforcement issues arising from the use of the phrase “in
an attempt to influence” in the Act.
Recommendation 4:
The Committee is of the view that the current two-year limitation period for
the commencement of summary conviction proceedings under the Act is
adequate and therefore does not recommend any change to the Act in this
regard.
Recommendation 5:
Owing to the lack of support for the proposition among witnesses
appearing before it, the Committee does not recommend that the Act be
amended to apply an In-House (Organization) registration approach to
In-House (Corporate) lobbyists.
Recommendation 6:
Owing to the considerable conceptual difficulties presented by the
proposal, the Committee does not recommend that the Act be amended to
create a so-called “qualitative” approach to registering lobbying activities.
65
Recommendation 7:
The Committee recommends that section 4(2)(c) of the Act be deleted in
order to require lobbyists to register even when the lobbying contact was
initiated by the public office holder.
Recommendation 8:
The Committee is of the view that the Lobbyists Registration Act is an act
of great public importance, and, as such, it demands of registrants the
utmost good faith in complying with the spirit of the law, even where doing
SO may require more than mere compliance with the letter of the law. The
Committee recommends that this fundamental principle be emphasized by
the inclusion in the Act of a general anti-avoidance provision.
Recommendation 9:
For the purposes of simplifying the current deregistration requirements
and promoting greater consistency of application of the Act, the
Committee recommends that the same deregistration requirements should
apply to all lobbyists.
Recommendation 10:
The Committee recommends that, in order to ensure that registrants
update their filings in a timely fashion, the Registrar of Lobbyists provide
an E-mail “update reminder” to all registrants at least 30 days in advance
of the date upon which their registrations must be updated.
Recommendation 11:
In order to ensure that information in the lobbyists registry is kept up to
date, the Committee recommends that all lobbyists should be required to
update their filings semi-annually; however, the 30-day deregistration
requirement currently set out in section 5(4) of the Act should be removed
from the Act to the Lobbyists Code in order to remove it from the
sanctions prescribed by the Act for failing to deregister within the 30-day
time frame currently prescribed.
Recommendation 12:
The Committee also recommends that the Registrar draft a notice, to be
displayed clearly on the lobbyists registry Web site, to the effect that
because lobbyists are required to update their filings semi-annually,
certain client relationships may no longer be active; and accordingly,
66
persons are encouraged to verify with the lobbyi à ;
: ares ist wh É
current client listings remain active. L men ER
Recommendation 13:
For greater certainty, the Committee recommends that the 30-day period
should be removed from the Act only insofar as it applies to the obligation
to deregister. Because timely updating of client information is important,
the Committee recommends that provisions that require the lobbyist to
provide notification within 30 days of any changes to existing filings
should remain in the Act.
Recommendation 14:
The Committee is satisfied that the current penalty regime prescribed by
the Act is appropriate and does not recommend any changes in this
regard.
Recommendation 15:
The Committee is of the view that the creation of a dual-disclosure i.e. a
system that would require public office holders to report having been
contacted by a lobbyist, would result in significantly increased compliance
cost with little, if any, improvement in transparency; for that reason, the
Committee does not recommend that the Act be amended to create a
dual-disclosure system.
Recommendation 16:
The Committee does not recommend that the Act be amended in order to
create a requirement that the names of individuals who have been lobbied
be disclosed in the lobbyists registry.
Recommendation 17:
The Committee is satisfied that the current disclosure requirements for
In-House (Organization) lobbyists is sufficient and, for that reason, does
not recommend any changes to the current disclosure requirements in this
respect.
Recommendation 18:
dence presented to the Committee was mixed, it is
sts to disclose the amounts that they spend
id lead to greater transparency. For that
Although the evi
possible that requiring lobbyi
on lobbying campaigns cou
67
reason, the Committee recommends that the proposal be made the subject
of further study by the Department in consultation with stakeholders.
Recommendation 19:
The Committee is satisfied that the current disclosure requirements are
satisfactory and, for that reason, does not recommend that the Act be
amended in order to require that lobbyists disclose their fees.
Recommendation 20:
The Committee is of the view that the current disclosure requirements are
appropriate and adequate and, for that reason, does not recommend that
the Act be amended with respect to contingency fees.
Recommendation 21:
The Committee does not view the issue of the tax deductibility of lobbying
expenses to be within its current mandate and, for that reason, makes no
recommendation on the issue.
Recommendation 22:
The Committee is of the view that, while the requirement to disclose a
client’s identity could, in rare, cause some hardship to a litigant in
a court proceeding, maintaining the integrity of the lobbyists registry is a
more pressing policy objective and, on that basis, the Committee does not
propose to amend the Act to create an exception based on solicitor-client
privilege to the general registration requirements.
Recommendation 23:
The Committee recommends that the role of private sector consultants in
developing government policy is a subject that Parliament should study
further, with a view to promoting transparency and ensuring that conflicts
of interest do not arise.
Recommendation 24:
The Committee recommends that the Department of Industry, in
consultation with other departments of government, devote the necessary
resources and proceed with all deliberateness to design and implement an
Internet architecture, to be incorporated into the Government of Canada
website (http://www.canada.gc.ca), and to include the following features:
68
An easy-to-find “Consultations” portal to take visitors to a central
registry containing information about all consultations currently going
on in the government, with links to the departments undertaking the
consultations;
Additional links to background information prepared or received by
government in relation to a consultation:
Links to persons or departments to contact and where to send
submissions;
e Information about which consultations are open and which have just
closed; and, for those that have closed and for which the government
has rendered a decision, a summary of who appeared, what was said,
what the government's decision was and the reasons for it;
e An E-mail notice subscription list to permit Canadians to be informed
of upcoming consultations on subjects of concern to them;
e A “contact your MP” button to permit Canadians to copy their MPs
with their submissions to government.
Recommendation 25:
As well, once the consultations portal is available, the Committee
recommends that the government undertake to advertise and publicize the
site in order to make Canadians aware of its existence and of the
opportunity to become involved in the public policy-making process.
69
7 eh re
Lao en
nu idees -
+ e LM esis
ere aobremotnl *
fit mac ot . bra piven
Lanmboetantre
à Enemy arm
peuue colton (lem-4nA +
siens primosau te
va ot rotted bee way peed A 8.
The G a Lond .
L Ardeche sde MONS
| =
wie 2° oct js unes efi cone ew 3A
son fneminreven erif Jar? ebnammorg7
eS | re a | 22 ae of Ets ri ne | .
HL Mes itchiness Rapids a CI
7 aes ' ep = tite : | |
| | ds d'y re drñst roger i |
5
a ine eee. lu Conritttes OC col
Ki tech, ats n solicheréllemn
or mis
Ne
nemesis
fui Chan. Hebel Sot Be ms dites sertie consultant:
> bt? Set Parliament should =. y
durememre wh? ensure (a
pride. wn mes
ot thtermet tis ex
Tre Coswitwe recoewraads Get Hy Don ewer oF iedustes- ti
7" ie ee cn > “ry
ere roth taped ote
Ge Ge ~~ 4 reds
APPENDIX A
LIST OF WITNESSES
Associations and Individuals Date Meeting
Department of Industry 2001/03/20 5
Howard Wilson, Ethics Counsellor
Diane Champagne-Paul, Registrar, Lobbyists
Registration Branch
Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 2001/03/27 7
Jayson Myers, Senior Vice-President and Chief
Economist
Democracy Watch 2001/03/27 8
Duff Conacher, Coordinator
Aaron Freeman, Board Member
Grainger and Associates
Brian Grainger
Government Relations Institute of Canada 2001/04/05 12
Tony Stikeman, President
lan Faris, Director, Government Affairs, AT&T Canada
GPC International
John Scott, Vice-President and General Council
Carole Presseault, Health Policy Manager, Canadian
Nurses Association
Alternatives North 2001/04/24 14
Suzette Montreuil, Coordinator
John Chenier, Editor and Publisher
Sean Moore, Public Policy and Public Affairs Advisor,
Gowling Lafleur Henderson
vA
Associations and Individuals Date
Meeting
Bell Canada 2001/04/26
Linda Gervais, Vice-President
Grey, Clark, Shih and Associates Limited
Peter Clark, President
Hillwatch Inc.
Scott Proudfoot, Co-Chair
Michael Teeter, Co-Chair
“Pierre Morin Conseils Limitée”
Pierre Morin, President
Canadian Society of Association Executives 2001/05/01
Michael Anderson, President and Chief Executive Officer
Bob Hamp, Manager, Communications
Department of Industry 2001/05/03
Diane Champagne-Paul, Registrar, Lobbyists
Registration Branch
Department of Justice 2001/05/03
Irving Miller, Senior Counsel, Commercial Law Division
Canadian Bar Association 2001/05/08
Simon Potter, Second Vice-President
Tamra Thomson, Director
74
15
18
is
19
21
REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE
Pursuant to Standing Order 109, the Committee requests that the government table a
comprehensive response to this Report within one hundred and fifty (150) days.
A copy of the relevant Minutes of Proceedings of the Standing Committee on Industry,
Science and Technology (Meetings Nos. 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19 and 21 which includes
this report) is tabled.
Respectfully submitted,
Susan Whelan, M.P.
Essex
Chair
73
ite ead —_ il È
pu te
NE l D | Ub ne .
>
'
ey fu he TT
L 7 Fr
f = a
| : |
gi : ee w
y =
= cn = =
7 ARE TT.) À 5
30
ny
— . |
ie.
: <
= Fy
BLOC QUEBECOIS DISSENTING OPINION
The Lobbyists Registration Act is one component of the measures used to make the
public policy process more transparent. The Bloc Québécois has studied every aspect
of lobbyists work and each section of the Act from this perspective; it has listened to all
the witnesses, always bearing in mind the importance of transparency for reassuring the
citizenry that public policy decisions and the awarding of contracts reflect their interests
as a whole and not those of powerful lobbies.
Despite some promising recommendations’, the Bloc Québécois had no option but to
voice its dissent to the Liberal majority's report, because it is much too timid when it
comes to regulating lobbyists’ activities. In addition, it says nothing about certain
important aspects of the Ethics Counsellor’s work.
ae Role of the Ethics Counsellor
The Committee refused to make recommendations about the process of appointing the
Ethics Counsellor or about the different roles the Counsellor plays within the
government. In the eyes of the Bloc Québécois, this is fundamental.
The recent Grand-Mère Golf Course affair — in which the Prime Minister may have
been in conflict of interest when he approached the President of the BDBC about a loan
for the Auberge Grand-Mère, next door to the golf course — made the spotlight on the
Ethics Counsellor's role brighter than ever.
The affair effectively demonstrated to the public at large that the Ethics Counsellor
(responsible for application of the Code for Public Office Holders as well as the
Lobbyists Code of Conduct) is not independent and does not have the teeth that the
public was entitled to expect. The majority report goes so far as to say that nothing
prevents the Prime Minister from “appoint[ing] an Ethics Counsellor to advise his
government. In fact, any party is free to do the same.”
That second sentence is clear proof of the Liberals are confusing two concepts as
separate and distinct as the internal management of a political party and the
administration of public funds. They refer to the Ethics Counsellor as though he were a
POLITICAL adviser to the Prime Minister and the government.
1 In particular the repeal of paragraph 4(2)(c) and the addition of a loophole-closing provision.
TS
And yet it is logical that an ethics counsellor would have a mandate to carry out public
inquires into conflicts of interest and ethical shortcomings on the part of holders of
public office, with a view to informing the citizenry about them. Unlike the Liberals, the
Bloc Québécois does not regard ethics, transparency, and public confidence in
democratic institutions and the management of public affairs, as the private concerns of
a political party, a government or a Prime Minister. Rather, they are the responsibility of
democratic institutions — the House of Commons — and the elected representatives of
the people.
According to Sean Moore, a public policy and public affairs adviser who was a witness
to the Committee’s hearings:
| don’t think it's credible any more to have an ethics counsellor with the terms of
reference such as exist at the federal level in Ottawa right now. | don't think off
Parliament Hill, and certainly for at least half of Parliament Hill, that’s a credible
option any more. (...) Well, | think the political cost to pay for not having some office
to look independently at things is probably much greater than any government
should have to bear in the future.
In an effort to restore the credibility of the Ethics Counsellor's position, the Bloc
Québécois recommends that the Ethics Counsellor be appointed by Parliament
for a five-year term, that the Governor in Council not be empowered to repeal this
appointment except on an address by the House of Commons, and that the term
be renewable for no more than one further five-year period.
Obviously, a perfectly independent ethics counsellor who must report to Parliament
must necessarily hold public inquiries and report on both his investigations, his
conclusions and the reasons underlying those conclusions, to the House of
Commons.
In this perspective, the Bloc Québécois scarcely finds reassuring the recommendation
in the majority report calling for the creation of a “new office” responsible for
investigating alleged violations of the Lobbyists Code, which would report to Parliament.
As the report notes, “The Act does not prescribe penalties for breach of the Lobbyists
Code; neither does it specify how Parliament is to respond to a reported breach of the
Code.”
In short, this “new office” would not be able to impose any penalties. It is as though,
having concluded his investigation, Columbo could not arrest the suspect! That is why
the Bloc Québécois recommends that the Lobbyists Code be made a statutory
instrument, so that breaches of it could be pursued before the courts, as is the
case for multitude of other professions.
76
2. Still plenty of work to do
In this report, the Bloc Québécois suggests a number of approaches that would make it
possible to improve the Lobbyists Registration Act and would be likely to increase public
confidence in the public policy process. Unfortunately, the Liberal majority did not see fit
to adopt any of these recommendations. In other cases, the Committee preferred to
procrastinate by calling for more in-depth consideration of certain issues role, rather
than taking action now.
(a) The Bloc Québécois recommends that lobbyists be required to disclose
their meetings with a minister or senior public servants, in addition to
disclosing the name of the department concerned.
(b) The Bloc Québécois recommends that lobbyists be required to disclose the
amounts spent on lobbying campaigns.
(c) The Bloc Québécois recommends that both consultant and paid lobbyists
be required to disclose their fees.
(d) The Bloc Québécois recommends that a provision be included explicitly
banning any form of contingency fee for any activity whatsoever.
(e) The Bloc Québécois recommends that consultant and paid lobbyists both
be required to disclose all positions occupied and all corresponding
periods of employment with any federal body or any political party; all
unpaid executive positions with any political party; the number of hours of
volunteer work (in excess of 40 per annum) done on behalf of any political
party, any would-be candidate or any riding association; any terms of office
as an elected representative at the federal level, as well as any
unsuccessful election campaigns fought; and all contributions to any
political party or candidate.
(f) The Bloc Québécois recommends that the Code for Public Office Holders
be made a statutory instrument, and that the Code be revised by a
committee of the House of Commons to safeguard against abuses. For
example, the post-employment cooling-off period for holders of public
office, discussed by the Committee, would become subject to penalty in
the event of violation.
Conclusion
Although the current study was not designed to cover this issue, the Bloc Québécois
cannot conclude its dissenting opinion without referring to the secondary role reserved
for Members of Parliament in the establishment of public policy. Many witnesses
affirmed that lobbyists’ time and attention is essentially directed towards the
bureaucracy and the executive branch. Here is what one witness told the Committee
about legislative issues:
77
[MPs] are usually much farther down the list of people you need to deal with,
because the genesis of legislation in this country usually is two or three years prior
to the date it hits the floor of the House of Commons. (Sean Moore)
However, the Bloc Québécois knows that the citizenry would be the winners in a system
where their elected representatives had more power, because it is the Members of
Parliament who have direct contact with the people and are the most likely to speak for
them. The Bloc Québécois hopes the government will recognize the importance of
parliamentarians, and the essential contribution they make, to the public policy process.
78
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS
Thursday, May 31, 2001
(Meeting No. 29)
The Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Tech :
nology met at 9:05 a.m. this day,
in Room 209, West Block, the Chair, Susan Whelan, en 1
Members of the Committee present Reg Alcock, Mauril Bélanger, Pierre Brien, Bev
Desjarlais, Walt Lastewka, Charlie Penson, James Rajotte and Susan Whelan.
Acting Members present: Denis Mills for Dan McTeague, Joe Fontana for Andy Savoy and
Raymond Lavigne for John Cannis.
In attendance: From the Library of Parliament: Geoffrey P. Kieley and Dan Shaw,
Research Officers.
Witnesses: From the National Research Council of Canada: Arthur J. Carty, President.
From the Vancouver City Savings Credit Union: David Mowat, Chief Executive Officer.
From the Conference Board of Canada: Brian Guthrie, Director, Innovation and
Knowledge Management. From the Canadian Medical Discoveries Fund Inc.: Calvin
Stiller, Chair and Chief Executive Officer. From the Department of Industry: Gwillym Allen,
Assistant Deputy Commissioner of Competition Economic Policy and Enforcement,
Competition Bureau. From the University of Toronto: Nancy Gallini, Professor of
Economics , Department of Economics. From the Canadian Association of University
Teachers: Paul Jones, Research and Education Officer.
Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), consideration of the Science and Technology Policies:
At 9:05 a.m., the Committee proceeded to the following Roundtable: Research and
Development Spin-off Firms and Finance issues.
Arthur J. Carty, David Mowat, Brian Guthrie and Calvin Stiller each made an opening
statement and answered questions.
At 10:45 a.m., the sitting was suspended.
At 10:58 a.m., the sitting resumed.
Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), consideration of the Science and Technology Policies:
At 10:58a.m.. the Committee proceeded to the following Roundtable: Intellectual
Property Rights and Protection.
Gwillym Allen, Nancy Gallini and Paul Jones each made an opening statement and,
answered questions.
79
At 12:05 p.m., the sitting was suspended.
At 12:10 p.m., the sitting resumed.
Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), the Committee proceeded to the Statutory Review of
the Lobbyists Registration Act. >
It was agreed, — That the Draft Report (as amended) be concurred in.
It was agreed, — That the Chair present the Third Report (as amended) to the House at
the earliest possible opportunity.
It was agreed, — That pursuant to Standing Order 109, the Committee request that the
Government table a comprehensive response to this report within one hundred fifty (150)
days.
It was agreed, — That the Chair be authorized to make such typographical and editorial
changes as may be necessary without changing the substance of the Draft Report to the
House.
It was agreed, — That 1550 copies of the Report be printed in both English and French in
tumble format.
It was agreed, — That the Committee authorize the printing of dissenting opinions as an
appendix to this report, immediately following the signature of the Chair.
It was agreed, — That any dissenting opinions be limited to not more than 5 pages.
It was agreed, — That any dissenting opinions be received by the Clerk in both official
languages no later than in the morning of Tuesday, June 5, 2001.
It was agreed, — That a News Release be issued.
At 1:05 p.m., the Committee adjourned to the call of the Chair.
Normand Radford
Clerk of the Committee
80
i, mn _
see E
UE, CS
. Ss | Vos
7 : ;
2 a
7 nf é
=e |
liés . Une. er .
CNE or Seid & pi LE SC TIAUIEE ET
| | says rt Le
ik Lone «ESRI mes BTE
LT SUPp fee 1s Rien cree, 1050 une Why oh ry
| Les F vu
NE ebPurt te: Miles ave Hap nées
¢ SIS, £2) VA ENS cp She tu ie
Milks SRS Se aie OW IC SALE UN ‘Sen Se} ie Au
DOTE Jo coute uen
a |
n 1: M MG Fa <> ñ TUE ALL ¢ Pi ni ay vines 2 sop ae
conning fan 1) - r SOON FEU} (ie "ne TT
»
_
i)
1
— : È L
LA
=)
ty
ap toc eres su ON ~ayedoe OY REORE
Ad sa) See 4 ( SON fe] > meen
ner lh LE
at Lpree:d ane D
US CAL a at HN air 2e aff dE Li
. 14 2.
Serine PT PTE
= a,
tuer fe rity 2 L 7
ANT rt = Le, 4 clea
| ¢
toed bel TLD URE |e ST
n'es" SEMA 1S ar fie LA ie
Vote (rsh Hop a
| phi bons Engh. a a ©
vA LAC 7 [A
; “nye oe OCT AE: — IS 45 an
| PET PTT VE CNT POLE, LORS EE |
: RD Es oR no E payés.
D
a
eit (ica :
>
_
= 7
7
|
|
Î
. a ;
7 7
7
.
98
PIOJPEH PueWJON
QJIWOD Np JOIE a7
“SOUSPISEJd E] SP UOI}EIOAUOD eleanou e nbsnf auJnofes aj]lWO9 8] ‘GO U EL V
“aedaid os essaid ap enbilunuwwoo un,ND — ‘nUSAUOS }S2 ||
‘LOOZ UT G Ipsew ap seuneuu ej pie snjd ne sajaioiyo senGuel]
xnep Se] suep J91}9J6 9) sed andaJ Jos ejuepissip uoluido ajno] en) — ‘NUSAUOO 89 ||
‘snid ne seabed gc e ajul] Jos sejuepissip suoiuido sep axe} a] aN — ‘NUSAUOS JS ||
‘Juepisaid np eunjeubis e] saide jueweyeipeuuut ‘uoddel juesaid ne
OXSUUL UD S8JU8pPISSIP SUOIUIdO Sep uoISseiduul BsUOINe JON 8] AND — ‘NUSAUOI JS® ||
‘0U99q-9]9] JELUO] US
SIeSue]} ua je siejBue ue Seaulidui jusios yoddei np seidoo 0GGL end — ‘nusAuod Je ||
‘eiqueu) e|
e uoddei ap jeloid np soue]Sqns e| 18HJIpouui SUBS Suoish\ai Sep no enbiyde16odA} a1p1o,p
SU01991109 SEP ‘uloseq ne ‘Jouodde e 2s1one OS juepisaid 2j AND — ‘NUSAUO9 JS8 ||
‘sinof(0G+)
ajuenbuls-jue9 sa suep uoddei uos e ajeqoj6 esuodau aun esodep jueweueanof ej enb
apuewuep aJuOo) e] ‘JuewePey np 60L PIE] 8 JUeWIWUOJUOD ‘and — ‘NUSAUOI ]S® ||
‘slejap SJ21q Snjd se] suep aiquueyD
eB} e (aypou enb ja) uoddei eweision 9] esodop juspiseid 8 BND — ‘NusAUCd }S8 ||
“aydope jios (aipouu enb j9}) uodde1 ep jelo1d 8j aND — ‘nueAuos 7e ||
‘sasiAggo] sap juoeSIbeIU8, INS 107 e| ap aileynye}s
UauIex2] enumuoo s}WOO 2a ‘jueWe|bey Np (z)goL eudeibesed ne jUusWeUOJUOD
‘puaidel sues E] ‘OL U ZL V
“enpuodsns 152 eouess e| ‘GO U ZL V
‘suonsanb
xne juepuodai je uone]uesaud BUN unoeuo jUO} SEUOL [NEd 78 IUIIEO ROUEN ‘Ua||Y WAIIMO
‘U019901d INI] 39 2/[9n399/[9}U1
aeudoid ap s}ioip say : ayueAINS epuol 8IdEX eB] ynsinod sywoDg 8] ‘8G U OL VY
S8
: elBo|oUU98] E] & }@ SOUBIOS
e| e SAAI}Eja1 Senbiyjod sep uewexe ‘uewe|Bey np (z)801 eudesGesed ne JUSWELUJOJUDD
‘puaides souess | ‘8G U OL Y
‘anpuedsns JS8 Sous e| ‘Gy U OL Y
‘suosanb xne juepuodal je
uonejuaseid BUN UNDeUD JUOJ JS UIAJED 18 SUN uelg ‘JEMON pAeq ‘AE ‘F ANUUVY
uowuoddosA9p 39 94919991 BP S91919UBUI}
suonsonb 39 SaaAliap sosl1de1ju : SJUBAINS epuo ajqe} e] INSINOd aJlWO) 8] ‘GO U 6 VY
: elBo|oUU98] E] e je BOUBIOS
e| e SOAIE|a1 senbnjod sep uewexe ‘ueweBey np (z)801 eyudeuBesed ne jueweuwiou0os
‘UOIeONPS,p ]e 29219981 Op au2eyE ‘seuor [Ned : 9J/SISAIUN,P
suinassajold Je sainassajoid Sep euuelpeue2 uonel20SSt.| aq ‘enbiwuouo9e eouel,s 2p
Jueweyedsq ‘enbiuouose souselos Bp inessajoid ‘Iui2S AOUEN : OJUOIO] BP AJISJOAIUP,|
94 ‘29U21IN9U09 E] Bp Nesung ‘uoeol|dde ue asiw je enbiwouose enb11o4 ‘eouelinouo9
eB] ap JUIOÏPE SulEUOISSILUWWOS-SNOS ‘US WAIIMO :eLySnpul,| ap aeajsiul~yy ng ‘jesoueb
Ineysalp jUepisaid “JaINSG UIAPD : « ‘Ou; PUN-+4 SOU8AO90SIG JE2IPOJN uelpeueD » ag
‘uone)idde ue asiw ja UOIEAOUY ‘IN8J981IP ‘alUNO UeUg : EPEUE] Np pyeog aoua/aJUOD
eB] ag ‘\eseusb 1n8J9auIp JUSpISEJd ‘JEMON PAR :« UOIUP JIPaID sbulres A1) 18ANODUEA »
aq ‘juepiseid ‘Aveo ‘f inuyy : epeueD np sayo/ayoa/ ap JEUOHEU JI8SU0T) Ng : SUlowa]
‘aYDIEYOSJ Bp seu9eye
‘meus ueq je Agjaly ‘dq 121089 :juawayeg np anbeyjolqig e| aq : sjueseid issn
‘SIuue) uYyor Jnod eubiAe7 puowAey je ones
Apuy inod euejuo4 sor ‘enbesjoyy ue 1n0d SIIIN siueq : sjuasaid jnjysqns saiquayy
‘UBJOUAA UeSNS Je Asusso |
Apped ‘ones Apuy ‘eyoley sewer ‘uosus4 aile) ‘enBes]on ueq ‘Buluueyy uoyseiq
‘eymeyse7 ye ‘shuluuer eueleW ‘pjolng-psesig euAjeoor ‘sieuefseg 199 ‘siuueg uyor
‘UOSHG HOS ‘Us aueld ‘Ybuejeg juneyy ‘yOoo\\y Bey : sjuasaid ao] np seiqueyy
‘(euepiseid)
‘UEJSUAA UESNS ep soUEpiseid E] SNOS ‘}sEnO,| ep SoyIpa,| ep GOT 2IIES Be] Suep ‘cQUBe
Iny,puno[ne june as elBojouuy98} e| 8p je Seouelos sap ‘el}SNpuI ap JUBUeLLIS OIWOD 97
(6Z ,U eoueas)
LOOZ !ew LE Ipnef a7
1VaN3A-S390Hd
v8
“senbijqnd
senbjod sep uolelogeje.p snsseooid ne selejueweued sep jejuesse uodde|
je BoUeLOdWI!| PJ}BUUO981 JuoWeuIsANnOË a] enb eyedse siossqenb 90jg 27 ‘sinsJoae
Sine| ap ejojed-epod se, eue, es e sajde snjd sa} juos inb je uonemndod ej sene
19911p JOe}UOD UN jUO INb seyndep Se] juOS 29 Jed ‘syIOANOd ep Ssnjd jualeine snje sine]
no awajsAs un,p sjueubeb jualespos sue/0y9 se] anb pes Sio99qanD 90]jg 9 ‘lueuno4
(8100 UeaS ‘N) aisies
]10S US,U SeUNWULUO9 Sep 21queu) e| enb JUBAE sue SIOIj NO xnep juawejelouob
aouewwos sXked aJjou suep sio| sap sseuebh ej Jed ‘laJoe]U09 eB seuuosiod
sep ajsi} e} ins seq snid dnooneeg juewejeseug6 jueanou es (seyndep sel) si!
: sonijesiba; suosenb Se] JUeUIBOUOD 9}IWOD
ne ulows} un jeuuyenb 89 ilo, ‘jjnoexe JIOANod ne je anbiyesonesing jlesedde|
e 9J9PSU09 JUoWeeuesse jsa sejsiAqqo| sep sdue} ej enb eue juo Ssujlouus}
xneiquou ep ‘Jaye uy ‘senbyqnd senbjod sep jueuuessiige]9] Suep seyndep xne
aA9S91 UO,| anb aulepuddaS [oi ne S2U81,/,1 AIR] SUES SJUEPISSIP UOIUIdO UOS aiNJOUOD
ined ou siosoqenD 90jg 9} ‘uonsenb 2789 sed JIEPSIA au epnjo ejuesald eB IS SUN
UOISN|2U01
€8
‘UOIj2BHJUI,p Sed Ud SUO!}OUeS
sap e ayjofns ylespualAap ‘a}1W05D Ua a—aynosip ‘enbijqnd abueyo ap seliein}}
sep jepuew-saide,p Uolj9113S91 ap opouod e ‘ISUIY “snqe Se] 19}IA9
e 919IUPWU BP SOUNWILWOD Sap sIqWIeYD BL] Bp 9}IWOD uN Jed 9SIA91 JOS BPOD
99 onb ja ‘auleyuawajHe1 93x09} UN euusraAsp anbijqnd ebseyds ap seliein}1}
sep ajinpuos e| }Uuessiba1 apog aj anb apuewWwoOds! si099q9nD 901g 927
‘SJepIpUe9 S}UdJOJJIP Xne je Sanbizjod siued sjussayIp xne
SUOI}NGIIJUOD Sa] fSasnanjonsjul Sajes0jDaj9 SouBedwesd se] jo [219p9j ne
nj9,P 3431} e s}epueW Sa] ‘UOI}dIIDSUODIID BP UOH}EIDOSSe aUn,p no led un,p
BIN}IJSOAUI,| 8 Jepipued Un,p ‘ed UN,p wou ne soa}e} ‘oauue/0p Ep snjd e
ua A |I no 91nsouu e] Suep ‘2JOASUI [IPAB1} BP S91n9U,p 91quou a] ‘onbrjod
wed un,p ulas ne sajaunWwas UOU UOl291Ip ap Sazsod sa ‘onbnijod
ied un.p ulas ne ‘ajesapaj UOl}21}SIUILUPE aUN,p UlaS ne sazuepuodsa1109
Iojduws,p Sapoiiad se] 39 sodn29o sajsod se] uonBnaip souejes sajsi{Aqqol]
So] }9 S|I9SUO9-S9]SIAqqo] sa] onb apuewwodses sio99qen)D 90jgq 27
‘OS 89 aNb uoljuaAlojUI
onbjonb 1nod ‘99 39 sjouuoripuos salieiouou,p 2104 3}NO} JUSWII}IDI/dx9
Juesipiojul UOI}ISOdSIP oun 91njJouiIp 9pUeWILUO991 SI099q9ND 920] 97
‘S91IB1OUOU Sina] juanBnaip Sonejes saysiAqqo|
Sd] }9 Sjlasuod-sa}siIAqqo| Sa] onb apuewwodses siodaqanyH 920Jg 27
‘BulAqqo] sp souBedwes xne soi9esuos syuezuouwu
Sa] juonBnaip sasifqqo] se] onb opuewwuo9ssi sio9sqen)D 20/g 97
‘QU199U09 919}SIUILU
np wou np snjd usa saijeuuol}DUO} S}neY Sap }9 91}SIUIW UN 9918 S91JUOIU91
Sin9| jualloAsp sa}siAqqo; Sa] anb apuewwodses siossqenD 21g 27
(4
(a
(p
(9
(q
(e
‘yueuajulewW sep 416e,p anb j9njd suoljsenb seuleyies puoy e snjd saipn}e,p juepuewep
ue ple} snjd e sauyowes gugjeid e ayWOD 9] ‘seo Sajnep sueq ‘JepueWWODaL
Se] ep uoq 9Bnf sed e,u aje1eqi| ayJofew ej ‘juewesneineuen ‘senbignd senbrjod sep
uore10qe9,p Snssesoid 8] SieAue SUBAO}ID Sep eouelju09 e] 1ejueuuBne,p sejqdeosns
jueleies Inb je sajsiAqqo; Sep jueuensibaiue, ins 107 | 1eloljewe,p jJualeseuued
inb suonseBôns sinelsnid eiquousp siossqenD) 90/g 97 ‘uoddes jueseid al] sue
9118} & [IPACI ap dnooneaq a1090ug
te
c8
op 9pnj}}jnw aun 1nod ses a Sr ARTE
: | 3S9,9 SwWOD ‘xneunqi1} Sa] JURBASP ajqeuuornoues
Jos |inb 99 e osaiuew ap 91I8JU9U19[691 9x9} UN ouusrnAsp sazsiAqqgo]
Sep e/bojojuosp ap apo aj anb 9PUEUWLUO9I91 SIODaqeNnyH 920Jg ea] 1onbinod
1S8,9 iii Pedsns 9 18jeue yeanod eu oqun|o) ‘ajenbue uos njouoo Hone saide
IS SWWO9 38,9 ‘Uonoues eunone Jesodwi ouop jnad eu « neeinq neeAnou » 89 ‘J81q
‘(Sesi{qqo; sap e/60/o}u09p ap 2po) ne) « uoNoeyul eUN.p jeje JUesIe}
Yodde ne juswayed 9] JauUOp yop anb ons e| snjd uou sed esioaid au Je uorjoues
eunone }IOA9Id eu /07 ej» ‘yoddes a] euuonueuu 9] SWWOd ‘JelJa UT ‘SI099q9n)
90/g 98] 81eNn6 aunsses eu ‘jusWayeg ne oddei e194 Inb je SajsiAqqo; sep aibojojuoep
8p 8p0) Np Ssewnseid suonejolA sa} ins sejgnbue sep ebieyo « neaing nesAnou »
un;p uones1, e| }OAGId Inb yodde: jueseid np uonepuewwosai e] ‘suas 99 UZ
“SOUNWUWIOD Sap siquieyy e] E SUOISN|DUOD
S99 JUSAI}OW INb SuOsies Sap ja SUOISN|DUOD Sap ‘saydieWap sap sioj e] e oddes
9118} 39 Sanbijqnd sajyeanbusa sap sua} JuUaNnbasuod 1ed yop juewepieq4 ne sa}dwos
sap 91pu91 }1op inb juepuedapu! jueweyeued enbiuje ue Je|lesuo9 un ‘JUBWUWAPIAZ
“sue buis snjd ne,p apoied sun snod ajqejaAnousai
}IOS JepuewW uos onb je SAaUNWLUOD Sap siqueu9 e| ap essaipe ins anb jlasuod
ud INDUJBANOS 9] Jed aie} 2139 assind ou uoe90491 es aonb ‘sue buis 1nod
Juowe|ied 9] Jed SWIWOU }IOS AaNbIY}9 us 18/jesuo9 a] aNnb spuewuwo9s1 SIODaqeanH
901g a ‘enbiuja ua Jejlesuoo ep ajsod np o9yiiqipeso e| sI|qeje1 ep 18}JU8} 1n04
‘JIU8AE,| e 189 snjd dnooneeq
J9}N0D snou ep enbsis juepuedepui pieBes ep }loip un,p eouesqe] enb esued
af ‘uewueeuuosie4 (‘‘‘) ‘ejqpeis uondo eun snjd }se,U 89 ‘eul|09 ej Ns sueb sep
HOW e| SuloW ne,p }1dS2, SUep jo ‘aslejueweped aUI|O] E| Ep SSH] sep SIOUEP
ue ‘SIAE UOW Y ‘INu,pinofne ejqipe1o Snid jse,u ‘|218P9} JU@WUeUeANOH np neenu
ne juawajjenjoe esodsip || JUOP yepuew 9] 84e ‘enbiyje ue 1e[8SU09 ap eJsod 8]
: seousipne sap
Sio| npuajus ‘senbijgnd seleye jo anbiqnd enbyjod ua 18]jI8SU09 ‘8J00N UBBS UO|9S
-su9/0]I9 sa] Jed snja sjuejueseidel Sap }9 — SEUNWILWOD Sep SiqUeYD
e| — senbijes00wWep SUO!}N}}SU! Sep 1OIN|d JUsAs|e1 suosenb sEeD “sJ}s!UIW JOIWad
un e no JuewaUJeANOb UN e ‘enbuyod med un e jueuuelpedde inb suolsenb sap sed
xuos eu senbijqgnd ssuleje sep uonso6 eB] suep je senbijesoOWap SUO!}N}I}SUI =e) suep
suaXo}io sep aoueljuo9 e| ‘eoUeJedsued} e| ‘gnbiuje,| ‘SI099q9nD 90]g 8] 1nod ‘xne19ql7}
xne juewa1IeJ}U0] “SUBAO}!O SB} ISUHOJUI US,p }NQ 81 SUEP enbiqnd abieyo ap Seuiein}l}
sep Jed sje} anbiyj9e,| e sjuawenbuewW Sep }9 SJ2I8JULP SJJUO9 Sep INS senbiiqnd
sajenbue sep alej ap jepuew 9| HE anbiuje ue 1ejesuoo uNn,Nb enblbo] jse |! ‘ueyNod
L8
‘JUBWOUJBANOH Np jd 21}SIUIW J8lW814 NP FNOlILIIOd
J8|II8SU09 un.p yessibes |S SwWWOd senbiyja US 18/IeSU09 Ne 29u819/91 }UOJ SI]
‘Soljqnd spuo} sap uoledjsiuiwpe,| je enbipjod ted un,p susaju! uonsof e] anb seyoul}sIp
ISSNe SUOIJOU XN8p jJUSPpUOJUOD xne18q17 Se] anb ueiq sAnoïd enbiewei 21eluI8p 2799
« ‘jueyne ase} ue yned Wed janb euodui,u je} UW ‘yuewueueano uos 1e[jesuo09 JNOd
enbiu}e US 18|I8SU09 UN JOWWOU Sp sJj}SIUIW JAIWAJg 2] » ayoedwa.u ue enb eue
enbipul aseyuofew woddes #7 ‘eipueyes ep jioup ue juos SUaAOC}ID se] enb jUuepsOW
e| je souepusdepul| sed eu (sazsiAqgo; sep eibojoxuoep ap apoD np juaweajebe
slew ‘anbijgnd e6ieud ap seen] Sep ayinpuod e| juessiBai po) np uoleddde 2p
a6ieyo) anbiuje ua 1ejesuos 9a] enb uonendod ej e anjuowep JUBWaIIe|O e uleye 2729
‘anbiyje US JO||IBSUOD np ejgi a] ‘siewel enb snjd
edwes e| ap xnaj Se] Snos SIL e — JjOH Np SUISIOA ‘eyy-puess Bbyagny’,| e 121d uN,p
101}90 NOd 9qg ke] ep juepiseid np seidne jUeUSAJe}U! US $}9J9}UI,P JJUO9 US goed
JEJOS BS SJIJSIUIW J8IL814 8] ae nbe] suep — « SJ8N-PUEIS 1109 » Np suleye 2)U9991 C7
‘a]e]USWepPUO] 1se uonsenb e| anb 1019 si098qenD 20]g a] ‘JueUNOY
JuoWeusAnoË np ules ne enof IInb sejgi sjuelaip xne je enbiuyje ua Jaljiasuoo np
UOI}EUILWOU Bp snsseooid ne juenb SuOHepUeWLWODSJ Sep 21}eWE,p 2SnjeJ e AJIWON 27
onbiu}e US 19[[9SU09 Np 92]04 “h
“enbiu}e Ud 18|jI8SU09 ne syeau
sjuevoduu! sjoedse Sep ins xneloualis Juoweje6s esai ej219q1] eywofew e; ep yoddes
97 ‘Se]sIAqqdo| Sap S9JIAN9E SE] 181/PEIOU9 P B9JUOJOA ES SUEP 9]IpILUN ap dou ap sAneid
Je} JOIUJOP 99 sed ‘auie}ofeu oddel ne ajuepISsIp uoluido 2709 1ajuesaid ep enb xIouo
eujne.p ne EU SI099q9nD) 0/g 9 ‘ SSJUESSEIQJUI SUOEPUELULIOI8] SeUIBUS9 9/BIEN
‘Sauessind Saiqqo] sap
xn29 UOU 72 SUSAO}ID SOP xneisuoB S}9J9}U! Se] }U9}2[J01 SJ21}U09 BP 101J90,p Je Senbijqnd
sonbyjod ep asaljew ue suolsioep se] enb uonendod ej e 1einsse 1nod soueyedsuel]
e| ep soueyodui| judse; e sinofno] juepief ue sulows} sa] sno} npusjue e
1e /07 e] ap ejoiye anbeyo ‘seysiAqqo] sep |leAes} np joodse anbeyo aipnje e slodeqenH
90[g 8] ‘Sues 89 UZ ‘JUsJedsued snjd senbijqnd senbjod sep uorndope,p snsseooud al]
81pU8] e JUSSIA Inb seinseuwu SEBO ep aiyed je} saysiAqqoy sap juewe/sifaiue, INS 107 e7
S109:43Nn0 9014 Nd ALNAGISSIGC NOINIdO
F rt
eT ATT MAL if)
j i
canes ge
-E CODE) mre *y
SUIS AMC 0M, Gas
eee wonmnid
uiQiwai1 Cea À ‘li ene
Fres |
Cned psa? Gaba
es pigments
ij id . |
ay
—
se beiq/ wena GME: somuys a
rt cit
Der (paies 5, LG 15: RER
ODGEANESEST TX CE cou ime Rest
an
je Let ti se 9 9 Labor at ot à
Len Since 405 47 Eden
AL Suse apap
ox DE Er BETA
62
x9ssy
oa]ndep ‘uejeuAA uesns
ajuepisaid e7
“SIUUNOS Juowesnenjoodsey
‘asodap 15e (vodde
juesaid aj puesdwod inb Lz 12 GL ‘OL ‘GL ‘bL ‘ZL ‘8 ‘ZG LU Seoueas) aiBojouYyse} e| ap
Jo SEOUdIDS SAP ‘elJSNpUI] ap JUsUeWAd ByIWOD Np XNeqJeA-S2901d sap sulej|dwexe un
‘uonejuosaid es JURAINS
sinof (QG|) e}Uenbulo ju89 pie] snid ne poddes 89 e sjejduoo esuodei sun Jasodap
op JUSWOELEANOH 9] Sd ao) 2a ‘jJuoWalbey np 60L 2PIUE] 8 JUsWaWOJUOD
INAWANYSANOS Nd ASNOdsjdY AC SAGNVINAG
Le
61
61
SL
GL
80/G0/L00c
€0/S0/1002
€0/S0/L002
L0/S0/1002
92/70/1002
82
2911J9811p ‘UOSWOU] eswe |
juapiseid-891A PUODAS ‘18104 UOWIS
uaipeued nes1Jeg np UOIj2I20SSVY
10J1P ap 2|21918LULU09
UOISIAIG ‘edouud anbipunf sayjiasuood ‘Jelly BU
991}SNf e] ap 218JSIUIN
Sa]siÂqqo] sep juewue1sIBalue |
9p U02811Q ‘InaJoaup ‘Ineq-suBbedweuyD sueig
SLJSNPUi,| BP 819}SIUIW
SUOIJEDIUNWWLUOZD ‘aseuuonsof ‘dueH qog
le1au96 INS}OSJIP j8 JUSPISEid ‘UOSJEpUY |eeUdI/\|
uolje120SS2,P S1n9}991IP S9P BUUSIPeULD 9}9190S
Juepisaid ‘UHOW 811814
28}ILi7 SJ2SU0IY ULION 211914
juepiseidos ‘19199 1 [OUI
juepisa1do9 ‘J00/pnold }09S
« ‘OUI U9JEMIIIH »
juepisald ‘Hie|9 19}24
« paw SeyelIsossy pue UIUS ‘HIEI9 ‘A919 »
ajuapisoid-89IA ‘SIBAI99 epul7
epeue) 1194
uosiepuex Jna/e7 Hulymoy ‘senbijqnd
saueye 3e anbijqnd enbujod ue 18|8SU09 ‘8100N UE2S
uolunay
a1eq
suaijnojied ya Suoelsossy
vl
vl
A!
G
uolunsy
v¥Z/V0/L002
vc/vO/LO0C
GO/ÿ0/L00€
Z2/€0/L007
ZZ/€0/L007
02/€0/L002
ojeq
22
Jna}ipe je 1n9J92p91 “alueyD UYOr
« suone2ljqnd 94 »
2911JEUU0P1009 ‘INSJIJUON 2}}2ZNS
« UUHON S9AIjEU19}|Y »
epeue np SJSIWUIJU! }9 SOJBIWUIJUI SEP
uoleloossy ‘ajues ap senbiy!|Oq ‘Jayo ‘Nneesseld 810129
JeJ9UBBH Ja]|IBSUOD je JUBPISEJG-SdIA ‘JOOS UYOr
j2J9U9BH J9]|IBSUOD Jo JUSPISAJG-9DIA ‘OOS UYOr
jeuoreuls}u| 249
epeuey
LS LV ‘sajejuewausaAnoBb sauieyy “neyjosuIp ‘sue 4 UE]
juapisesd ‘uewuexns AUO]
epeue np SejejueweulsAnof sUuolje91 Bp }n}1}SU,7
JeBuIels ueug
a100ssy ja 19Bule19
II8SU09 np siquiew ‘UEWE814 UOJEY
JN@JEUUOPIOOD ‘JBYDEUOD JING
SOURIIBAINS UD 91219019
jayo
UB 2JSIWOUO9® J9 JU2pISa1d-89IA Jalaid ‘syaAyy UOSAeLr
epeue) np sinajeyodxa ja sudiinjoejynuey
Sa]SIAqqO] sep
jUSWaJ}SIHalUa,| Bp INBJOSIIP ‘jnegq-subedweyy sueiq
enbiu}e Us Jd||IBSUOD ‘UOSIIAA PIEMOH
9H}SNPUI,] 9P 919JSIUIWN
Sialpnoiued 3a SuoHelsossy
SNIOWSL SAG ALSI1
V AXSANNV
ae ‘ae +45 QUE
Le repmrian me : *
+» ©
: . Aus IZ |
r S CNT out
ar DA œRE hoc: | VOC
,
AA ne 2 ies PAP > «
at
; " 7 wes FL l ' 7
oe SOG) SUSAN SE à
De “pe: "1 2a BONE to"
: HE ite? Ur
ti
!
A 7
Au | WIA Do AOD 1) Ap
. ; | POI Sy» Si nina à) sail
PP Yehyo,; bese, conteur ventiged' r
A. ae
7
Mont ana -2e :: x a |
3 ai
F | 7 | de di Se.
| * | ’ | bite
4 : tan ute 1e het rh r un i“
| à 5 | TOGAR UM, vole,
CAND ouirrse | a ek it anne
es Bie Ca: nee it peti Oe ‘tis 2 Bonito aA a |
lies: i 2 yen! Mike + 7 Ey. € cab Et de ¥) " ris ” ui d
DID iiss ns 4 pere J drei eH Gabe sir Vel sin AR M
Dire” tive ji (Hi CAG Go FOR esi Nid sfr
hh, #iCuer PA ere t
À
| cotations eu se eo
+ gf
DOMAINE;
PORE THUR. AjranreE K Fri
DR RANCS, +-ESLHNAUHINSS BARS :
M d 7 à qee COURANSHOUE S AGUN BAL IE anes dh
: 1e ne tele 61 & aie Artist re jui
| VE
ve ra Mead obASIOcr 21 où Re Sua va pi
TANT que Gad ged Bae fal FAPAOM
BNOMOIRIDY | Ob Kas aoe valzoMuse | 4
7 at ES PEL y. een iredinailer Ba Me
Mae 20. 1854]ueL" Lui r ‘Sees
Sirapow eck 24ian! on
4
GL
‘sanbijqnd sanbijijod sap uoneioqe]s,p snssesoid ne wed
oipuaid ap ayijiqissod e] ap ja BDUa}SIXO9 UOS 9p SUdIPeUeD Soa] JOWIOJUI
Jnod ajis a] Ioououue.p BUUdIddJJUSN juowouisAnof 93] onb spuewuwo9s:
9}IW09 a] ‘ajqiuodsip e19S SUOI}e}|NSUOD ap |Ieu1od a] anb sioj aun ‘snjd aq
: GZ uoljepueWIWIODay
"JUBWBUIBANOH
ne suolejusseid sina} ajndep ine; e 19AoAu9,p suslpeue9
xne jueyouuod « aj1ndap 91J0A 9918 zonbiunwwo9» uo}nNOG un e
‘juossoiajui Sa] INb sjofns sa] 1ns 11U8A e SUOI}E};|NSUOD sep
suaipeueg S2| Jawsojul 4Anod Sonbiuo1398/9 SIAB,P IOAUS,P 8JSI| aUN e
«Suone9i}snf
S9S ap ja juowaulaanof 9j Jed asiid uoisi99p e] ap ‘ip juo
Sa[9,nb 29 ap ‘niedwos juo inb seuuosisd sap awinsa un ‘uoisi92p
aun npuss e juowauIsAnoOË 9] Sajjanbsap onssi] e ja 1oUuIWI9]
9S ap jUSsUUdIA Inb sajjad ap sed 2j SUP ‘1oUILWI9S} 9S ap JUSUUSIA
no sinod us jUuOoSs Inb suOolj}e}jnsuod sap jefns ne uoreuiojui| 9p e
vl
1o1pua ‘Sa1lowauw Saj 194oAUs no
HO1PUS,] }9 18792}U09 e Soigzsiuluui S9] NO Seuuosiod sa] SI9A SUSI] SP e
€
; ‘UOHJE}NSUOD sun dare uoddei us jueweuioano$ 9] Jed
Sendai no Ssgiedoid aseq ap saauuop sap 5194 S|2UUOI}JIPpe SUBI] Sap e
-SUO!}E}|NSUOD Sap sejqesuodsal S919}SIUILU
S98] SISA SUSI| Sap Dace ‘juouwiouionanoG ne sino2 us suole}INsuo9
$9] S9}n0} ANS Sjuoweufiosuei sap jueusjuo9 je4j3U99 91s159o1 un e
SINSJISIA Se] 1Suawe 1nod 19AN01J e 9JI9e4 « SUO!}E}|NSUOD » jleuod un e
: S9JURAINS Sanbijsi19}9e1e9 se] jueua1dui09 3e (29 55‘epeue9s man//:ddju)
epeued np jusweusisAno6 np qem eus ne Jasiodiooul e
‘jou19jU] 21n399}14918 UN, p uoneoiidde, e je uorndeouos ej e juetwua19qi|ap
9p2901d 39 Seliessesou so21nossei Se] 219PSU09 ‘S919JSIUILU Sa1jne,p 2848
uoheyNSUO9 US ‘dLI}SNpU],| ap 219SIUIW a; anb apuewWOda! ayIWOD 97
: pd UOlJEPUBWIWIOD9y
"$}919}UI,P S}IJUOD ep uonnuedde | 19}1A9,p 39 sousiedsuen
2] 19SHOAEJ Bp Ulassap a] SUep ‘Juaowalied 9] Jed ipuoyoidde snjd uowuexoe
un,p jofqo] esse} sojezuoweulsano sanbyijod sap uoneioqeje,| suep
9AUd 1n9399S np Sjiasu09-suodxe sap 2101 9] anb spuewwio9si B}IWIOD 97
: CZ uonepuewwosey
‘JU9I|9 UOS }d JEOOAR UN 91jU9 SUOI}EDIUNWIWIOD
Sop 9azjenueplyuod ap suosie: sap jnod juswejsibeius,,; ap sajesouab
soouoBixe xne uoldsoxa aun 110491d A 1nod 107 e| 1eyipouu ap sed asodoid
eu |inb aos ap ‘juessaid snjd sijqnd 3919ju1,p ynoefqo un 359 saysiAqqo]
sep o1siBoi np aju15ajui ap uenuieu aj ‘Xneunqu} Se] jueA9p abn us
soled sap e s9ipnfaid uiey129 un 18Sne9 ‘seo saiei ap Suep ‘assind }u819
un,p ayjuep!,| 4enBnaip ep uogeBrqo; enb usiq ‘anb etunse ao) 97
: ZC uolepueWwWOIaY
jefns 99 e uonepuewuwuo9e
aunone ouop yey eu |! j9 jepueu uos oessedonno BulAqqoi ap
selelouoy Sep 2/2951} UOCHONpep e} ap uogsenb ej enb ewunse gyw09 87
: LZ uonepuewuwuo9oy
‘SJQUUOI}IPUOD S21I2JOUOU XNE SSANE]91 107 BE] ap
suonisodsip Sd] 2HJIPOUI UO,| anb sed suop spuewiWwodse au |! 32 Sayenbape
juos sajjonjoe uonefinaIp ep soouoBixs saj onb asapiSuod 9a}IWOD 97
: 0Z uoNepuewWOI9y
‘Sa1I2IOuOU
sina} juanBINAIP sji.nb saysiAqqo] sep ja6ixa snod 107 e| aipow
C2
uo,| onb sed ouop apueWWOds! au |! }9 Ssaejuesiejsijes JUOS S9[[9n}9e
uoneBnaip ap soouoBixe se] onb etwuijse ayiwo0g 2j ‘oouenbosuos uz
: 6L UoNepueWWO ey
“sajueusid sorued Sa] 284
UOI}E}|NSUOD Ud ‘918JSIUIN 2] Jed Ipuoyoidde snjd uewexs un,p 3efqo,] assez
uonisodoid ej nb spuewiwo9s1 9}IWOD 9] ‘uosiei 9799 INO, ‘aousiedsues
apuei6 snid aun suiesjua BHulAqqo; op seubedwed xne s919esu09
sjuejuouwu se] JUaNHynalp sji,nb saysiAqqo] sap 1961x9,p jie} a] anb ejqissod
3S0 |! ‘jofns 99 e sabeyed siae Sap ajwio9 ne ajuasaid jie uO.nb ualg
: SL UoNepueWWODeY
‘0191}jelu Ej UD Sayjanjyoe Saduabixe sap uoHedipow sundne 2PUEWLUOI91
au |! jo uonesiueflio oun,p a}dwO0d a inod sa}siAqqo; xne juenbijdde,s
inb uonebinaAip ap sajjanjoe saduabixe sa sojuesiJns SANOI} 9}IWOD 97
: Jp uonepuewwosay
‘}uenbiunwWWOd sj! Sajjanbsoa|
daAe Sseouuosiod Sep SWOU Soa} 31}sI6a1 9] SUep zuonbipui sji,nb saysiAqqoy
sap 196Ix9,p ue ddIJIPOW }IOS 107 ej anb sed spuewuwo9si aU 9}IWOD 97
: JL uoNepueWWO.eY
‘uoreBinaip ajqnop ap awa}sAs
un 19919 1nod saijipow Jos 107 e| enb sed spuewwuo9si ou 9a}IWOD
2] ‘UoSIE1 97399 INO, ‘BDUdIedSUeI} EP] JUDWICIA 19101[9WUe juezne 1nod sues
uOleAI9SQO,P S}NOD S9] JUBWA|qISUaS }JIeEJO}UBWHNe ‘xno 9948 onbiunwwo9
a}siAqqo; un puenb uoreiej99p aun ouiej ap snus} issne jualeios
anbijqnd abieyds ap soienj say no awejsAs un auip-e-359,9 ‘uoneBnaip
aiqnop ap awaj}sAs un,p juawassijqe}a,; onb siAep jsa ayWwOoD 97
: GL uolepuewwosey
‘yons 99 e UONeDYIpow auNnone spuewwio9e1 ou |! 3e a1doidde 359 107 el
suep nA91d juowus/jonj9e suoroues ap owulB91 a] anb alapisuod 9}IWOD 97
: pp uolnepuewwosey
‘107
eB] xuowojonj2e oBIX,] BwUWOD SajueJSIXS SUole1e/99p xne juowoBueys
no} sinof 0£ ap lejep un suep Jenbiunwiwos ap snus} 2139,p Jonurnuo9
yUsAIOp sa}siAqqo; se] onb swijsa ojwuo) 8j ‘sjU919 se] jueuisosuo9
s}usweublasues sap 1nof e anus} ej ap ssueodiui] auuop jue} ‘107 el]
op sowliddns 2139 }e1A9p UoneIlIS91 ap 1ej9p ne juowajous jueu1oddei as
sinof 0£ ap epouod ej ajnas anb awij}sa ajiWo9 8j ‘epnyues ap snjd 1no4
: CL uonepuewwuo9sy
cL
“aiqeyea
$9 SJUBINOD S}Ud!/9 ap a3s1j es Is asiÂqqo] np seidne JOIIIOA e tete
B19S UNDeYD ‘juenbosuos Jed ‘inenBia ua snjd 9139-jnod yUOS ou sjualj9
S9] 9818 SUOHE91 Sauleu99 ‘siow xIS se] Sno} suonduosu sine] 1nof
B 9178 Bp Snus} jue39 Sa}sIAqqo] saj ‘anb Jaya.) e ‘saysiAqqo] sap o1s1Bei
NP 9M SS 8j INS sduapias us uaiq esein6y inb apseb ua asiw aun abipa.
juawo1jsIfaius,; ap inej9o1p 9j anb juowsje6s spuewuwo99i a}IWIOD 97
: Zp UonepuewWosey
‘}u9Said JUBWA]jan}Ie
sinof 0£ ep Iejap 2a] suep uondussul Ind] 191|IS91 ap uoissiwo unod
107 ej ed sanagid suonoues sap jafgqo,| auley ap assed jI,nb uye sazsiAqqo;
sap e/Bojojuosp ap apog aj suep 30}n|d suuosui, ap 39 (p)g aydesBesed
ne naAgid juawajjenjoe Ssinof gg ap uoneljissi op iejap 9a 107 e| ap
191191 SP WEAIPUBIAUOD |! ‘Sinaqjle sed ‘siow xIS Sa] Sno} 1nof e uondu9sui
ind] 91}9lu Vp snus} ju910S Saisi{qqo] Sa] Sno} anb spuewuwo9e1 B}yIWOD à]
‘inof e y1os sajsiAqqo; sap ai3si6ai 3] suep juein6y uonewuoqui,] anb unog
: LL uonepuewiwuo9sy
"N|NOA sdus} ua
au199U09 Sa! inb uonewioqui JNOf e siyjouu ap sajaddei sna] unod sinof o¢
sulow ne,p SiAeaid UN S}li9SUI Sa] SNO} e [9LUNO9 Jed aloaus Sa}siAqqo|
sap jUuswajsiBaiuse,, ap unejoelip 9[ onb spuewwodss s}WO0D 97
: OL uonepuewwossy
‘uoneijisei ap suoneBiqo sawaw xne sijefnsse juaios saysiAqqo] se]
sno} anb apuewwioses syWOD 9j ‘aJIlUHO}IUN,p 78 SHolduis ap lonos Jed
: 6 UONEPUeWIWIODOY
‘guloyeddeyse-ijue ajes9ue6b uonisodsip aun 107 el]
e juenofe us jequewepuoz sdioULd 89 ANS J8}SISUIP 9PUEUIWO981 SHOT
97 107 e] ap aie] e] ap J°odse1 ejduuis aj anb ebeyueaep abixe 189 enbsio|
eweuwu ‘judse uos ep joedseJ np NESAIU Ne 10} BUG aetUg4}X9 SUN S}JDSUI
sap abixe ajje ‘Wey 29 ap ‘anb je ouyqnd yesa}ul,| Anod ssueyoduwi apuesb
aun 394191 Ssa}siAqqo} sep juewousifaius,j INS 107 ej onb awWijsa a}IWOD 97
: 8 UOHFEPUBWIWIODOY
‘198]U09 Np 2AHeHIUI, Sud e inb anbigqnd abseyo
op aslejn}i} 3] }Se,9 anbsio} ewewW 91H9SUIS e sa}siAqqo] S9| 199104 e
alelueuu ap 2601qe Hos 107 EI ep (2(z)p Boule.) enb epuewuuiosei B}IWOD 97
: J UOlepUueWIWIODaY
‘BulAqqo| ap sajziAijoe Sap juowo1siBaius,]
op pue6ba; e «aaneyjenb» ojp osyoewap oun Jajdope nod
BdIJIPOW IOS 107 eB] anb sed apueWIWOIA ou |}IWIOD a} ‘uornisodoid 93399
ajuesaid anb sajqesapisuod sjonjdsouos sawajqoid sap nus} a}dwog
: 9 UOHepueWWIODEY
‘uonesiueB1o aun,p
aduo9 9j Anod sajsiÂqqo] se] juesiA juowersiBoius p se]fai sa] souejes
sajsiAqqo| xne sanbijdde 1nod 107 e] Jayipow ap sed spuewuwuo3si ou
ao) a] ‘uonisodoid 93309 sed juaINdde,u snpusjus SUIOWd} Sa] BWIWIOD
: G uoepueWWiO99 y
‘pueba
}99 E 107 e] BP UONeDYIPOW suNONe DuOP spueWIWIOIS/ AU jd 107 eB] BP
S949} XNe DJIEWUIWOS 91np9901d Jed sayinsinod xne JUBsWAAI}e]a1 Sue xnap
ap janjoe uondi19s91d ap iejap a] JUESIHNS BWIWOD 919PISUOY 9}IWIOD 97
: p UOIWePUBWIIODAY
‘107 E] SUBP « 199U9nNJJUI,P 19}U9} » SOUU9} Sap 1loj|dwea,| ap jue}NSsa
uol}nNdEexa,p SawWajqoid sa] 19/6591 ap xnaiw a] juoleyouuod soane]siBel]
sainsaw sajjanb JaUIWUa}ap 9p ANA Ud SUO!}e}|NSUOD Saone, p JUSN}Oayo
291}Snf E] ap did}SIUIW 9] 39 onbiy}e Ud Ja|IBSUOD Np neaing a] ‘sa}siAqqo|
sap juowi913SIfoius | ap Uo9o1q e| enb opuewuwossi 90) 27
: Ç uonepueuuiuo9ssy
“Jofns 29 e xuowueped4 ne oddei jie19}
jo sasiÂqqoj sap aibojojuoap ap apod np seswnsoid suorelJolA sa] ANS
sajonbus xne juenb aaisnjoxe aduajadwod yeuine inb nesinq nesanou un,p
uolje919 e] 110A91d Ap ule ddIJIPOW }IOS 107 Be] anb apueWIWODA 9}IWOD 97
: Z UOIEPUBWIIODAY
‘JUe9u29 Sed 2] ‘107 E] Bp UOI}EAIaSqO-uOU
ap sjjow sa} }9 107 E| Op UOleAIaSgo,p xne} sa} JoUIWI9)9p
ap uye apnjye aun anjyoajja juoweuisAnoË 9] onb spueuwuo9s1i 9}IWOD 97
: | uonepuewWosey
SNOILVONVNNWO934 SAC ALSIT
a)
A | _ So" jaa
oa eee Se PA
| dnéuse Die Panic sft e dur: |
ni P19 or es occusce 908 qe egus bigngt re Ci
Bd
ven De Greanour Fuisie; ay ne’ Ste Qt at 1 dr Ww OULENO
- bo beha’ 6p ben wheous ‘eo IHOABUS SG bi J’ (2 Go rat ES AUS, heu
MMEMEIDU, S jone yoo CaLaqBuE ban iubôue dv aout’ hid 5
jo © 8 Ze WOKS 20h AMEE OGY Sue (Ue chose - > Vore US qeAcue pu
mn fonionic’ : 1 SNS EU 26 One 168 oplecie SudiesBee cour ee
18 HAAS 8} S QUE Crs 19 Po; em [éLisienouaul Gee pas ss Hee
ASSN Ges! oe B pala su 23 one ance WG 9 DIU Unite sigh
Be Cy TO Le Mignon di nu sxsweu sbige diag sug DeAS
Fe Oiuie g62 cisvSeweure jaquuciGiense 10g mReFORA
i
_ a - à
ue qe à | né
BUUGUS 94 Geciciove 0 iufeLes DDC 5 MUAGSE VILLE, Sep 16 bire “i or
Muove vores es aL S0X CHÉLGGLUE Fe its GOUS ul? Ne |, GUALOUUGWISES 4 G
Q
à forum ore VOS 3c eet Joy quwerke, conbié ef WOIpS L pre" à Le ue
pire OO¥ Coupuns: > SAONSL am, gee dneepoue COWS 3S eue et ares |
OWL QE jopp\ajee 1 COLLE NUS SCIE X SN QEABIIER”, veu awe dns 1
[G wal Asap’ ene cr COUNSUE SASUY fon Ge ~eouE de Annee.
ot me egou © jot ley ge VOLPE ner Gree LUDOUY Wie 9
sn M Lan a
“cc 4) SUGSHOE2" r a :
| nd: PF cou: Lans 10e s 1006 SUBI 0ES Of boride! ENS |
. SEL i > neue UOfS LB OI if Gone AO! Je 922075. YS. BELLE à mr se. ”
rr pe rt Be Tourn qe ansenue COMLONSE -SHBUL Play. Sregely . on
SAdL je rhaices et Ona 142 'SAOÛE SS ee HQE af i eo
Sue sujsvon de LOU POR. anaes hous MESUf. SL
a4
”
pr
MS
Le
. re He a
. wy 7 ais
Douceur ry DITS eee sitet 22
Doues ski vont clokole dial" igen Ps
pere ét QRHOUS UE PAM
Aas Dane 2 op ci so
x af ae (euioBuedes : w y 68 |
hy a aux k ae) fi | fies | |
Din | is FLE
ANE
ja” + PO nu
UN => a
rae ©
L as ;
2
si
69
‘jue 9] 1818181 suoines snou ‘ejquesue nb
opensiod 159 e]lW09 97 ‘JU8P2991d SUES SIP SEP Ja SUOISE290 Sap SIO} e| e ejuasald
SNOU — UONEUUIOJUI| 8p 219] — JOUJSJUIP 219,71 ‘9qnd jaJajuIp Suonsenb se 1ns
yeqep ne sedioied ap syijiqissod ej ‘uonsodsip 1ne] e suoowu se] aod! nad Je ‘shed al
suep jua}Iqeu SI NO 3 JUOS si Inb euodui Ned ‘suerpeue9 Se] Sno] e juetue[eBe 1110 1nod
Oe unone JeBeuelu SUOASP eu SNOU : 2S0U9 aun,p SUIEU2,, SeUIUWIOS SNOU ‘sIOJje}NOL
‘J9S1]919U09 8S Bp juenunuoo SebesIAUS synoefqo sa] enb euios ue aire, e ‘sinofno] 1nod Je
JUBUSIUIEWU ‘NS Sa}sIAqqo] Sep juewWensIBaius] INS 107 e] enb slp e je DJA 8] IeUUS] eC
SUO]ISOU SNOU sieW ‘ayoe} 2JJOU UIQ E UE SUOAE SNON ~Sue eujenb ep lejep neeanou
un Sade JI0A91 e| UO-JI2JA9q ‘Sue aenb saide uewexe un nb Jo191d eu 107 e7 ‘1iuene |
ep uonoipaid eo) auiojeeje puss senbifojouy9e] syueweBueuys sep eu 87
‘puo] ep syuewaBueus
S80 ep jueuodui Snjd 8] ISO JOUJSIUI,P 88AIE, 7 ‘9IjqNd J218JUIP SUOISI98p Se] jueuusld
as Jenbe] SUP jUeWeUUOIAUS | Bp Sue odul sueweBueuo xne Je}depe snou suouinod
snou ‘isule ‘ajqeyipow je a|dnos J81neW9p yop jneJSIÔe| eupeo e1ou ‘JuoweuIsAnoË
ne S2992 Je soueuedsued)} eB] SWUIO9 suonsenb sap INS J8nJ0A9,p 18nunUo9 Wop eesuad
e1jou anb sweW 9q *« JIUSASP US » 8JIAN9E SUN BWUWWOD sa}siAqqo] sep jueweusIBeIus p
OW9JSÂS 9 1819PISUOO 9p JNO] JUEAB JUSIAUOO IInb eneg-ned Jjse ejueurued
snid e] siew ‘sejueuodwi seep! sesnalquou ep JlIef wey E UOISSNOSIP SJJON
‘SUOepueWUO181
sou e Snuaned SawuwoOs snou lonbinod ja soas{Âjeue SUOAE Se] SNOU JUSLULUOD ‘seapioqe
SUOAE S98] SNOU JUBWWOD Jaleo ap 24esse SUOAe snou ‘uoddei ajou sue ‘eweu-e||9
107 E| Bp UeWEXE UN,p ejap-ne uaiq jueje ‘soxeduoo suonsenb ep jusAnos yessibes
|| ‘WUdse,p einpieAno je J919]UI 2818 S09]N099 SUOAE Se] SNOU je owaJsAs 9] BHe}UeAeP
OJO9U9 JaJo|awe e JUBSIA SuonseBôns sasnaiquiou ap npusjue SUOAE SNON
‘Jonbijdde e aloe} snjd je jueloiye Snjd ‘eoeoiye
snid sweajsAs un JeineysuIp JUOIEWUEd sajja,nb suoÂojo snou siew ‘sejeJuewepuo)
jueWIeJA Suoledn99091d sep sed JUSA9INOS SU SUOIJEPUEWLOI8J SON ‘NÊUO9
919 e |! Sjenbse] inod synosefqo se] ejquissus | Suep asijeas sajsiÂqqo] sep jueweusiBaiue p
ouwesÂs 9] enb siAe.p jSe 9}IWOD 9a| ‘sajuesaid sabeublows} sep nue} a}dwo5
NOISNTONOOD
—)
-_ : : . | . 7
SSUGCh EN] Lo 5 3p ut i À im
de SO Ty #3 af Rips bane oc. put
a AGA NEL « Paie Nef as 2 |
PEUT 10-840 06 eux LE sua
sine: We tues i eet sep con wie
| ty À SE
Lie mnnids abegieulin sal no rare à |
ea mare > With DGA TON ge
Be SEM carn ep sepuep TES,
Je cie NS 2610
Sit; 3% LAN TE UAT ne 5498 ve
=e Swe:pouGosvai $3p ue
px . [AR
mr: idee Hind onion CHOCO crue
C2 |
RATES Soda NE rope
Ve eens adn a‘ qui. ite, “an à
MINS BURG UORRIIUE) 238 Logos ae
SAE ODE Se NOSIS $9) OIIHRUGS Beit (4
Elf ap CIS «+ 0j EN OUI LOS,
typ vane oor
| A Jarre JUS c- suaniute) IR en ee
Pes L | ALG ba ; Wests Lie 4 - . À
LE LPS AIT D PyS MOS SE Tee , AjOlE aréacpx)
| "8yos DRAP Peas Te HOT Seley NUIT GOs 2} | qufigs SUMMERS) En
CO QUEUE A LE 106 5 ee sql Su à. sf.
L », & | iii) ES re te NME TNT Sen ROUTINE :
| NT PTT mee JO, (Shae ANSE S Tir lo :
7 anbjgnc) nb #16 ee M CAS SUMDBUUCS et ODES
| pre ur mue ¢ Pl rat ae ‘ao Va: any
7
à D li :
LU
@
i’
ni
“bay on blodsaene 4,¢14p 21x00 ase bongines ban eon gt .
| WOKIeRee CMS dobeeslanpentep + | TTL
>) |b) Lecobustqe dns je canreiioulsur 6 ea é rou cer ye *
pe bie” Was bte rt je) Denis vit Gee sole ets OF ia am ;
<= DER ‘17 à Na ps tad von 8 102 8 a
L9
‘sanbijqnd sonbnijod sap uoljesoqeja,p snssesoid ne ed
a1puoid ap aziqissod e] ap ja 292U9}SIX, UOS Ap SUdIPeUeD Sa] 19WOJUI
Jnod dis a] J20UOUUL,pP euusidarjus JUBWAUJBANOH aj onb sapuewwWwodea/
9}IWOD a] ‘ajqiuodsip Bias SUO!}e}|NSUOD ap |Ieuod a] anb sioj aun ‘snid aq
: GZ UoNepueWIWODeY
‘JuowouiasAno
ne suonejuosoaid sinaj ajndap ina; e J4aA0Aua,p suslpeue
xne jueyaued « ajndap 91j0A DaAe Zanbiunwwoy» Uo y;nNog un e
‘uossaiajui sa] INnb sjafns sa] 4NS a1u8A e suonejnsuo9
sap suaipeuey Se] JaWUOjUI inod senbiuo1399]9 SIAB,P IOAUS,p 9JSI] SUN e
99
6
81 8p “I JUO selfesnb 69 ep UE ars ral rere a OISE
Teen P ‘niedwiod juo inb sauuosied sap auinsas un
ISI99p NPUS81 E JUsWeuiaanoË 9] sejenbsap anssi,| e je JAUIWIA}
9S ep JUSUUSIA Inb sajjao ap seo 9] sueg “JeuIWS} as ap JUoUUSIA
no sinod Us juos Inb suorneynsuos sap jefns ne uol}jeuuiojui.] ap °
‘S81IOW9W Se] JaAOAUAa no
HOAPUS,| 39 49}92}U09 & S919JSIUILU Sa] no seuuosiod Sa] SI9A SUSI| Sap e
‘UOH}e}NsUu09 sun 291e Yodde ue yUSWAUJBANOB 9] Jed
Son591 no sosiedoid aseq ap S89UUOP Sap SI9A SJOUUOlIpPpE SUBI] Sap e
-SUO!}E}|NSUOD Sap Sajqesuodse, S219}SIuILU
S98] SI9A SUSI| Sp 9948 ‘JuaWaUJaANOH ne sinod ua suore}nsuo9
Sa] Sono} 1nS SjuowouBiesusi sap jueuezuos jejus9 o1si6e1 un
e SANS}JISIA SB] ieuowe JNOd JaANOI} e 2]1984 « SUoeJINSUOIY » jIeJOd UN e
: SAJURAINS Sanbijsiia}9e1e9 saj JUeUdIdWOD 39 (eD'9H:epeued*MMM//:ddjU)
epeue] np juswauiaano6 np qeM aus ne sasodioour e
‘JOUIOJU] 91n}99}1491e aun,p uongesdde, e 8 uondeouos ej e JUBWJEqI|Ep
0p9901d ja SaileSSad9U S991N0SS91 Sa] 919PSU09 ‘SaJa}SIUIW S913n,p 2948
uoreJJNSUO9 Ud ‘2l1}SNPUI,, 2P 219JSIUIU 9] enb spuewwossl a}IWIOD 97
: pz UONEpUEUIWO98 4
: SNSS990.d 99 e JUBW|GeWW9A JenqHJUO9 juassind Suaipeued Sa] SNO} anb euos ue
alle, je Senbn|od sap uoneloge/e,p snssedoid np soussedsued} e] SIOANOWOJ 1n04
‘SUBIPEURD Sd] SNO} Ap SJIEUNOS So] JUeW9|qe}19A 91291 enbijgnd enbujod ej enb
QOS Us alle} SUOANOd snoU ‘JeqEp 2] SUP Jin UOdSe} eUn,p sUsipeue) se] jueoPebus
UT ‘juewouennof ne 52998 jUO Inb xne9 ep jueueines sed UOU je SNO} ap SJg1ajul
je enA ep sjuiod se] ins oijgnd jeequi,p Senbnijod sep uoneioqge|s, Jeseq ep ajqissod ees
\| ‘suoluido sing] JowUdxe juelugsie juaAned SuaipeueD Se] IS ‘jUeAeJedne siewel ao)
enbijgnd enbnijod ej ins }eqep ej suep susipeued Se] jJebebue,p enbiun uoise290 aun
sandep xne je epeued Np JUeWeUISANO ne 91jJ0 JOUJE}U| | onb awijse sywoDg 27
[O€:01:S) ‘18708 1
jaeyoip] ‘epeue) ne sie |] Je ‘atUE}sAs 89 euuonseued jUO suledU@We suUaIoI}|Od
Sd] ‘@JOAQUS UN JUdWAI|al}USSSE JUSIASP euuosied e890 ‘euuosiod aunp sodoid
e esouo anbjenb zeuesdde sno enb silo} auf) ‘Seguuop Sep lISIES Op UOISE990 ||
HOA À zZelnep SNOA ‘Sineflle,p NO UOAUOSUOSIIO SON OP sua sep 10S 30 enb
‘JeuJeju| sed saindep enb jue} ue SNOA 281€ juenbiunwuwoo sue6 se] enbsio] [''']
: sobejueae sauine,p eunooid Sin898[9 S8] 981€ enBojeip ap eiuef #9 186eBue p
enb ajwo) ne ajeddel ISsne € U9JEMIIIH slew ‘snjg sjuejueseidei enb jue} ue en199e
g}OeOJe SUN 21}81 UB UD ‘SESSSIAIUI SE) 9818 9nbIU0198/9 Mere un Jueueyeue ua
‘SunajO9|@ SOU Jeju0s91dei XNSILU 8P UoISE290 aun juepuseded de ae) 27 ‘21Je-jned
Zebueyo efep aulesoy un SUEP ‘sayndep se] nod jIBAe1 ep SNA IH-SHIUPIS E189
S9
[Gz:0L:SL ‘oojpnouq
no9s] ‘aod spuesJ6 sun aurez ue Sed eu ep jueeinbul Sa} Wes || Snsse9o1d ne
sayndep sa] 1e15ajui,p sueAow sajjne,p 186eslAuS espne} || ‘ooulp ue jUsWeUJEANOb
e| eienjona nb ainsew e je IN} ny ‘WIOASJd yNe} [Inb ewsiuedsw ep asuab a] 12,9
« ‘eyndap 21J0A e Led Ue-Sa]le} ‘IN9 e jual} SNOA esou9 anbjenb Is ‘ayndep 21701
dane zenbiunwWwwWwod » : enbipur Inb uoynoq un aloagïid uo[nb] [***] esodoid ef ['']
: seindap se] juewepidel
snid « enbiduui » unod jeuJalu].] 18S1jan,p ajduuis ueÂouw un esodoid U9JeMIIIH ‘S219]}SIUILU
SJUSJ9LIPp Se] Suep assed as Inb 29 Jns ojqnd np Seiquew sea enb sewioqu! Xnelw
sed ]USANOS JUOS eu sayndep se] ‘uepuede) ‘2909a1d uonediorued aun jueanos asodul
SIN9]99/9 SOU Ep 8AN98J9 uonejuesaidel e] ‘Joye UT JUeAe UeIq Ie} UB BOUBWWOD
snsseoojd ne uonedioied ung] ‘10 ‘asodap jsa 10] ap yefoud un no JUsWOW ne juewenbiun
jeqep ne jusubiol es seindep sa} enb juswaejesaueH esued UO Seuleuiop SISAIp SUeP
sedueSSIBUUOD 9p je eouauedxe,p Sepieg jUusWAYeY ne jUuaAWe Se}]ndep ap dnooneeg
‘|QUUOISIO9P SNSSs8dO/d 8] suep ayndep sjdwIS Np 9jQJ Np sjue}SUOD UO!}NUILUIP Bp ayrpenb
JUO SinoJeA9osqo SuIeu29 onb 29 ap soUaIDSUOD JUO 9IWOD np Ssaiquiew saq
[Gz:0L:SL ‘JOOJPNOJd }}09S] ‘enbyesoowsep gsyI||IGesuodsea
2] je Snjo sjuejUussaides Sa] snssa9o1d ne 1815aju1 SUOANOd SNoOU JUsWWWOD JOUILUeXa
suoAep snou enb esued ef ‘sayneunwuwo918q{9 sa] je UOI}E}INSUOD ap SEWSIUPIEU
Se] INS SUOISSNISIP SOU ep suped aj sueq ‘SNsse201d np snjoxe 912 zeanod
SNOA ‘julod uIey29 un enbsng ~snsseoojd 29 suep ayndep np soejd Be] jSe een)
saulejyuawajied Sap 92/0197 ‘}
‘Seanbidde ajo In] JusWAIOe}
Juele1Nnod SUOIJEPUBLULUODA S99 Je Se[PJUeWeUISANOË sUuonNJSUI XNe S2992, 21yeuued
Jnod (89‘96"epeues mm) qenA leuod un 1qeje efsp e epeueds np jueweuisanof
971 ‘UOJEMIIH BP SuONepuUeWIWODSJ Se] Sejqeynsnf Sa] @ANOJ} e9JWO0D 27
[GZ:OL:SL ‘JOOJPNOIY OOS] ‘eAnenIUI 218} un e jualesedioryed sueb
sep yednid ej nb asuad af sien ‘sed juajnaA 9] au SI,S UONeWIOJUI,| ap 18n6INAIP
sed au ap }O1p a] jUo Sueh se enb esued af ‘sJue1inouoo sine] aueuuos sed
Juale/A9p eu enb uorneunoquI| ap 18nBINAIP sed SsuowWASp eu snou — sjaUEeplJUCD
JUOS SJU9l) SOU JU9SSIUINO} Snou onb sjuoweubiesuei se] ‘sIouE4 ‘21IE]U0JOA
219 HOP ej89 enb sioio ef : epief ue asiw ejueuodiuI eun sale} SI0Je}n0} je) ||
: IN9Ud} | UOU NO JENBINAIP ua,p XIOU9 8] JIOAE JUSIBJIA9P S8JIOWEUW Sap jue]uasald
nb Sjueusasjui se] lonbinod 529 je ‘s}eoljap xneloioluuwio9 sjuewueuBiesues sap
[2U9pljU09 219J98189 a] 186aJo1d Op JanuUOod ne} nb “ans usiq ‘yes auwWo] 27
[0Z:0L:SL ‘JOOJpNold
}09S] ‘ejqeNsuo9 Seauuop ep eseq eunp 9sjopP eus, e1si5es ep enbuoosjenb
QWJO} SUN JIUINO} }e1nod jUSWAaUJBANOH 9] NO ‘JSJNSUOI Se] Sioje jualezinod
v9
ane a stele see SJNB|_JE}INSUCD ep juale:euued Inb sual
eS at ae ees Se ‘SSiouou sep aqueseid yuo Inb seuuossed sep
| fOAE,P UNS || ESouloWEW xne saode JIOAe Jnod Jenb1j9 yWesnod uo jenbel]
ins UO NOG UN JIOAe sed eu lonbinod ‘suolje}insuod ap ansibeu un ZeAe snoA IS
- UORE10ISUe,p uonseBBns spuoses eun 21}Jo YO}EMIIIH
‘OL:SL ‘100/pnol4 n09S] ‘198Ijhn
SINE} 78 Bsna}Nod nad ‘ejduis sen eiBojouyoe} Be re RE
}8 8}X9]U09 e] 1nS JouBiesuai snoA ‘SJueweufbissusi ep snjd Jiuejqo ‘SUOHEJINSUOI
ep SIS 9] INS Sipuss SnoA sioje Zainod snoA ‘UONE]INSUO9 aulreyoo.d aun p enue}
®| Janbipul snoA nod jauunos un SIOjE SUOLISAUS SNOA SNON “enbluonoaje assoipe
SJJOA SNOU-ZBUUOP }9 Sej-Z8U909 {II-}-lUessaue}Ul_ SNOA sje[ns sag ‘sejo seins Ov
NO O€ ep 8}SI| Sun ‘SUoreyNsuo9 ap aujsi6Beu un,p 21pE9 9] Suep ‘19919 Op yyyNS [I [7]
: JIUS} OS OP JUIOd 8] UNS JS8 UO!}e};NSUOD
eun,nb }g49}ul uN euulidxe juo Inb xne9 sno} e jaLNoo Jed a1lIp Ap esas SueAOW Sap un.
Je ‘QJO!]}QWe 9179 }!e1uNOd enbluue}1q aweysAs 9] enb siAe,p siojo}NO} }S9 YOJEMIIIH
[0Z:0L:SL ‘J0ojpnoiq Hoos] ‘epeuen
ne Jenbijdde ap jo sap! aye 18J0A 1nej jUsWa|dWIs no} ap sUOWepPUeWWODEL
SNOA Snou lonb1nod 159,9 je ‘assed as Inb 89 ins 1ouBiesues as e ‘isdionued e sueb
se| snid dnooneeq jeJeAjow 2189 ‘esp! ajuele0xe eun 152,9 enb suosued snoN
: enbijand enbnijod ej 1ns yeqap
ne ann uode} ep sediomed e sue/o]o se] 186einoous ‘ajqe|quuas a]IS uN JuessI|qe]e us
‘eunod usipeued jUSWeUISANOB 9] enb jueluse U9JEMIIH BP Sunayepuojod seq
‘JUSWOUIEANOH
9| Jed esud uolsioep e| ep je jp juo sajenb 29 ep ‘nsedwoo juo Inb seuuosied
S9p aUWNSai UN JIUNOJ UO ‘UOISI98P SUN NPUsI e JUSWESUEANOP Qj IS ‘sed JeIUI9P 89 SUEQ
JeUIUUS} OS OP jueuualA IND 82/89 INS Je SINOD US SUOH}e}|NSUOD Se] INS SJueEoUPIssUE]
SOP JUSSSIUINO, SOS Se] ‘JUEWEJEULION ‘4 SUOI}EYNSUCD » ep uoynogq un eAnoï
9S NO S9J8JSIUILU Sep S9]}IS xNe 12P2998,p jue}eouusd SUIBUSI JUOP S[8118}SIUIUU sonsifal
S]UDIOJJIP SO] SIA Ul] UN ENJ}SUO |EUE) HSIPeI 27 ‘SSIOWEU SEP J8ÂOAUS NO ]I01PU9 |
op je Sooinossei seuuosied Sep SeguuOopi009 Se] JEANOJ} Je SO‘JBUUO!}OUO) SIneu Sel
Jed siuinoj juos inb eseq ep sjueueublesuel Sep 18}1NSU09 ‘ual un e 29216 ‘issne jned
IN9]ISIA 27 “JUSWUEUJAANOH Ne jUE|NOJgp 9s inb SUONEYNSUOD Se] $8}NO} 18ANOJ yned |! NO
|e1]U99 e1S16a1 UN e 1N8JISIA 9] BUQLUE inb « suoHeynsuod » uoueu el jueu1od uoynoq un
e À || ‘« o0eds uaziig » ajedde leuod np eed ej sueq ‘eUUO YN « su9/0]}9 Se] unod
leod » un 2919 e enbiuue}iq juoweuieAnof 27 ‘8}09 NP uIsS ne J818JUI,P dnooneeq
9JOSNS e JOaUIP U@ SUOI}E}NSUCD Se] JUEUISOUOI lun-ewnehoy np esousl1eodxe,7
[0Z:0L:S} ‘187081
ueauJeAnoË np inaieyul|
seus] ‘adiouud ep suonIsod sep jueydope sajje 39 jue JOJUI,
‘ SM ‘09,0 ules} Ue yUOS sayneunwiwooeghd sed seyneunwiwodeqho
d ej ep suoisseid ep jJefqo]
doid sune; jueuuoy saysiAqqo] 9p HE 10
a inb 1eued = ules] ue SLUWOS SNOU JUOP SEQ S8lEUUOROUO} sneu se] [''']
69
: epuou
a| Jed ep sJuoweueanoñ seine p je Uelpeue, JUeWauISANno np ules ne gsyoUE|OUS
efop jSo euusiuesauw 29 enb yes ao) 27 ‘senbijgnd suoneynsuoo sep snssedoid
9] JUaWelN 2JpU2Je,p Sineplosp xne sdwse} eue Ud eyed JOUJE}U],| ‘Suonsenb
sepuel6 se} jUeuIS9u09 ojqnd np uoHesiiqisues e| e Jenqujuod ep snid ug
[SL:0L:SL ‘JooJpNosY WOdS] ['‘'] sueweBueus sed e 1edepe snou JIOASp
SNO} SuO||e SNON ‘eBuip es uonb ej82 SJOA }S2,9 ‘« uolesieIpuowuUue SUO|Jed »
no « xnewiue Sep SJIOJp Se] uns JIOAeS }ne} [INb 29 JNO] » UOISSIWS] e JOIP
JOA Zalje SNOA ‘SeIpoUW Se] ‘e1ou snjd UOUIS ‘ISSNe sieW ‘snje sine] JUSWaNnes
UOU J89e|dW21 JUaINEA S|} ‘219811p Snjd aeJOOWEP eun juaneA SUEB sep uelg
: « ebessow a] Jessed » juesIe, ud 91jqnd 9] 188IjIqISUSS 1n0d |}no
jua]|80Xe UN 18n]}SU09 1ned jeuJaju] Nb jUSpIAg 15e || ‘Suoedn99091d seo a16IEN
oljqnd np uoyesiliqisues ‘€
[0ÿ:0L:SL ‘00/pnoiq no9s] ‘sewe|qoid
ep e1quou puelB un ye218/6a1 ejao enb esued af ‘aiued aisle} U9,p juele181de99e xne
a1jue,p ednid ej anb 1ns sins ef ‘senbneid ap 2po9 uoq un jUBWALIE}UOIJOA 181dope,p
Japensied Sa] © SUOIAIIE SNOU IS ‘e/AA SAIS Sep SNO} jU0 sj! ‘sodnolf seo ap wed
e| 8p uOHedIUNWWOD ap soUasge,| 2p je UuoneBINAIP e| ep edn290eid as UO IS au0q
: SOJIBJUOJOA S8PO9
ep uolesogeja,, SUEP episai eWejqoid np UoNN|oS e] ‘JooJpnol4 109S saide q
[OZ:OL:SL ‘19}08 L JOB] ESNOA ins suolsseid sap
]Uu9918x9 Inb sayneunWWOD S29 ap ale} SNOA-ZeIE, ND ‘SUuonsenb sao ap 18dn990,s
ap eles sJueweuJonanof se] inod sep spues6 sep un ‘eynpuos ep safari ap
sed JUO,U sajja jo yJepueW ep sed JUO,U Salja ‘Jou9 Bp sed JUO,U S2|| “Se]NeUNWWOD
$90 9p seo 9} sed JSo,u 29 ‘s]jUudWAa|Hel Sap je S2INJONI]S Sep UO SUO}EIDOSse Sd
: GOM AIS UN BJaLUEpP SANOJ Bs INb JeUILWE}9p
op uosenb alIJIp e] juewee6s arginos jeuJaju] INS BulAqqo| np eouessiosJO e7
[GL:OL:GL ‘JOOJPNOJd WHOIS] ‘000 8 ju8A10$81
ue aiqueyo e| e Sjuejuosoidei seq] ‘slow enbeu9 SJel11n09 000 GG JU8AI0OS91J
sulequawe Sinajeues se] enb juesip yoddes un JIOA ap SUOUSA SNON ‘snipedns
enbyod 21p10,p s}uaweuUblesues ap SayOS sajno} ep sijiesse 219 Zale ‘sayndep
‘SNOA onb 752,9 ‘sebejueAesap sed ap un,q ‘sebeyUueAesap Suleyad e E|89 ‘INS USIg
é SI2HINO9 Se] SNO} ap
eile} anb : Sewue|qoid sep un sulowW ne efep juessieuuos sa]ndep seq ‘sinapioap saujne Je
sineje|si6e| se] nod suolsenb ap #1quou uIeu189 UN 8A8/NOS JeUJd}U],| 9P SEA,
SjuouwaulsAnoG ss] inod yap un “Zz
£9
[0Z:01:S1 ‘10e 1 ISeU9IN] “JesiueHiO,s inod jeuaju]] ep juenes as inb seuuosied
8p SUOIU Sep e A || 1ensifaiue s Jop inb je eiquio] suep 1eyseu e1ajo1d inb
un nbjenb ajueseides inb euuosied sun juawajnes sed 189. 29 SIEUU ‘saysiÂqqol sep
JUOS 89 ['‘]‘sueweuisanof sel ins Suolssaid sap 1891ex2 1nod juasiuebio,s S2|13
: UONEWUOJUI,| BP 1891849 jueuuaduis
enb ebejuerep yuo} oijand JJSJULP SuonesiueBlop eiquou uoq ‘juepuedes
[GL:0L:GL ‘Jooypnoig nos] JueaeJedne nb 1nof puei6 ne snjd dnoonesq 1euuorouo]
€ SUISNPU!,| SHOU! JEUsO}U],| Ep SoUa}six9,| ‘sa}siAqqo| sep jueWaNsIBelUa,| INS 107 €]
yed e ‘snou uojes ‘oijqnd ne sejqissaooe juos SJUSWaUBISSUS1 S80 SNO} ‘JUBUSJUIEN
‘aiqissoduu! 819 jeune 2/89 ‘sue buis no enenb e A || ‘uonsonb aye0 1ns sesouo ep
S8HOS S9}NO} J8ANO} ZeAnOd sno{ “ined e| Jowes e juesiA epueBedoid ap dnooneeq
j senbyual9s sjueunoop ep dnooneeq ‘sjuesseJajul sJueueuBlesuel ep seos
Se}n0} ‘Sojqel} SjuawseuBblesues ap Solos sajno} ZeJeAnou A snoA ‘juajuesaudes
Se| Inb Suoneisosse sep no sejjeuuonpen sesudemue Sep Salis Se] ZO]JISIA SNOA
IS ‘juewenbijgnd uonisod ine} 21pu8J9p jualeAep saije,nb ajduo9 npuel jUOS as Saja
‘dnoo e no 1 ‘nAnodep ne sasiid 819 ju0 Inb ‘sejjeuuonipez sesudanue se] 1enbn119
Jnod jeuJeju]] BP JUeAJES aS SaIpouu juewenbeuef syueuuije-nue SjueyIu $27
: Saipouwu juewenbrouef syuetuuie
Se] INS Jeqeap np ajdiuexe] auuop e UGE ‘senbuod saidoud sine] 1esi9a1d e suonesiueB1o
soJnep soul E OJAI 919190S e] ep sodnoif se sed jeuieju|| ep uoHesiyN |
[SL:01:GL ‘Jooypnoig WHOIS]
“JAIOS UB,S BP 2pI98p }UO je SHA Snjd je enbiouose snjd Uoÿe] ep ‘xnelli sesouo
se] aile, ap joued Ne} nb j}no un 356 JaUJE}U],| END s1duo juo SJ] “sednoib seune
sa anb sedinosse sp SuloW juepessod sjinb jse je} #7 ‘Seune Se] anb sjuebijequl
snjd jualos sj.nb sed jse,U 89 “SjIAID 9}9ID0S E] Bp sednoj6 sa} 919 ju0 suoluido sine]
Jnod uonowoid 9p |}nO SWWOD J8UISJUI| BP INSIBA e| siudwioo yuo nb sednos6 seq
. S991NOSS91
op sulow 2] juo Inb xn89 JUSANOS JUOS BuiAgqqo ap jyno ewWOd WnIpau nesanou
9] JUsWEDeOIYS snjd a} 1U9SIIN inb sednoi6 se] enb ejquies || ‘juesses9ju! We
[oL:OL:SL ‘187881 [eeualnl ‘DI1GNd ne soles pues6 un }IUInNO} 2/89 ‘ein
uode} ap sJueuouBlesusl S80 SNO} zeslueBlo SNOA IS ‘JOUJAJU],| INS 4JOA 181[8 ZBAnod
snoA ‘sinaille no juswauJeAnoh ne sjeqep ep jelgo,| }uo} suorsenb ‘sajienb rte)
juessesaqu! snoA Inb suolsenb se] ins ionb yip inb JIOAes Ze/NOA SNOA IS ‘ellogu} UZ
: senbignd senbod Sep uone10qe19, SUEP aoueJedsue]
e enqujuoo ‘sinajyeAlesqo sep yednid ej ap SiAe] ep
dsip e7 ‘enbluor98|e SIOA Jed juo} as s}udwajsibeiue
sa saysiAqqo] sep a.jsi6ey 9] enb je) 9] Se JUEPIAg
gjuj| eujue Uel| NP enjeu e| }Se ejenÙ
e| ep esenbsew uoyeloleue sun
‘eB JouJeJu], INS 21S16e1 np 9yIqIuo
sep QOL ‘d 86 enbjenb enb je 9ubl| Ud }
snid a] yoddes #7 éBuÂqqo] e| 9 Jui
LQ
[OL:OL:SE
‘J00Jpnold OOS] ‘seo sep usiq suep COL ‘406 € OOL ‘dog ep juewe|qeqoid
JSo JU@WEUOUeIG ep xNe} e| ‘SuO}EIOOSse,p sajqesuodses se] deAe ‘senbijgnd
senbjod sep uolssnosip e] e juadiojed Inb xne9 Dene ‘selpelu Se] DeAe Sual| Sp
e À |Inb ‘aeyoueig 158 epeue, np uonendod e] 2p QOL ‘d OS ep snjd enb jueusejuie
‘SU sep uelq ap UuooelIpaid ap sJueweuBlesuel ep 291n0$s e| }S2,9 enb edJed
senbijqnd senbnod sap uolssnosip e| 1es110Ae} JNOd dnooneegq allez jned jeuieju|,7
: JOUJ9}U],| Bp JIOANOd
np eublows) inb 89 ‘sineliSiA 000 OF enbjenb aie e ays ej ‘slow xis e A || Uoneolo
es sindeq ‘ajejuaweuJsAno6 enbod e| jJueUI82Uu09 — Se8si209 S9]9190$S }9 ONO
‘Suoieloosse — 8Ald 1n8]98S Np SUOIISOd Sa}USJOYIP Se] 218ILUN] US 21}}eW ep }nq Jnod e
sls 97 ‘XneuoneuJaju! Sednoib ep seulejues sineisnid enb eue ap ‘sin2}98S SJUSJISIP
suep susaipeue9 sednoib je suonesiueB1o QGP 21euunue |! ‘ajduexe Jeg ‘Sajn seoinossel
sep J9ANOJ] e sueh Se] J8pIEPp uye Jepesooe À 1inod sual] Sep JIUINOJ je SaJIS ODE Z
ep snid ssuobeyeo ays 27 “JaOUeNyUI,| juapneA Inb sueHh se] no jUusWaeuUIeANCH 9]
Jnod 3e anbiijod sulewop a suep jua/jeae Inb xne9 1nod ajjeloiyo enbnijod e] je enbnjod
SIA E] INS J991J1Pp US S291N0S$S21 BP 21}U89 BWWOD NSuUOD |IleUod ‘O9 UOJEMIIH MMM Vp
SINn9}291909 ‘18]99 [ [OBUOIIA JO J00/PNOJ4 OOS sed saueW 9j, e UOISSNOSIp 27 ‘anbijqnd
uoneynsuo9 ep snsse9o1d 9] je BulAqqo) 8j INS S9UepIaur UOS je JOUJE}U],| JEUISIUON
opioge e aJuo0) 9 enb juesseJajui snjd 9] 21je-yned uolssnosip ap jefns 27
JOUI9}U],| 2p 110AnOd 97 ‘L
[0Z:0L:GL ‘00/pnoig WHOIS] ‘yueweuuorouoy
uos ep je enbijqnd uone}Nsuo9 ep snsse2oid np }S9,9 pe} ue yHes || JUOp
29 Ja — sajsiAqqo| Sep jJueWe1sIBaIus | INS 107 e| ap ejep-ne ‘WaAno snjd dnoonesgq
Ssnsseo0/d 93] 21puei INOd syle} jned jueweuisAnoË 9a] enb sesouo sap e A |! ‘le UA
juessed as inb sajueoduui snjd sesoyo sap e A |I,Nnb sio19 ef slew ‘aunsewW auleyeo
aun suep ‘uloseq [991 uN e puOodd je 281JSIUIWUPE UdIG }Se 107 eB] ‘oououadxe
oJjou seide.q “sol|qnd sjeiaj}ul Sep 2SU9J9p e| ap soUSsJedsued e] Bp UOEIOIaUWE |
je eoUsIedsued} eC] JUDWIEJA SUJS9U09 sajsiAqqo] Sep jueWeJSIBeIUS | INS 107 27
[0L:0L:GL ‘18388 L J8euoiW] ‘ueiq euuorouo,
ejeo enb snueseb 1nod Jenof e jaljuasse ajQ4 Un JUO jJUeWSeIEd 8] 18 JUSWISUISANOË
e| ‘snou uojes ['‘’]'oefqo joo supulaye inod jejuesse j|}jno uN Se Jeuiaju] 7
[''] os 90 enb ionb sayoed sues ojqnd 1n8198$ np sygiajui xne sipuodsa1109
alley Se] JNOd eAld 1n2J92$S np sjgusjul SUIBU99 o1puaid e exsisuoo BulAgqo] 27
LANYALNI 13 S399V “DNIAGEOT — NOILVWNAHOANI.7
Ad 342.1 V S3N0OIL1Od Sa NOILVYOSV13.1
G 14L1IdYH9
09
‘aayod sujou e 34}98-jnad }UOS Sa||3 ‘e1puisye e jNOefgo un nb ssouo anne euje-ned
JUOJPUSIASP « S29B91JJ9 SUOI}EYNSUOD » seq ‘esoddns ejed enb sajuessio1o ssouanbasuos
sep 18 JUoWeUJSANnOG ap spow e| JSJIPOW e 2OUSUUWO9 e 19-INj99 JUuOp U0Se, el]
ep ‘JeUIaJUI,p seed npuajue dnooneeq e a}iW09 87 ‘sue QZ e À |! ejqeuiBeuu je eine
Inb assayIA aun e je bse] Sad} 81i0]pne UN 2818 S89PI,p Je SUONEWWOJUI.P ‘saljaAnou ap
aHueuoa,| jeuod — 9}9} US joUJa}U] — SUONed|UNWWOD Sep aiHojouYydeE} e| ‘iny,panofny
JueweueAno a] suep oIGnd np soueyjUod e| 1192321 ep SueAOW se] JO jueleunod
selpawu sewaw seo ‘inypinolny ‘eeBieem-sod 919 91399 ue ‘seipeui sep (anbiuAS
juaieeynofe suieuie9) jueseued 7e giqebyejul piebei np epeooid je] 9p suoNnj sul
sep Je jueweueanof np pieba, e jenjoe etusiojdeos el enb jueuuennos suI21199
6S
‘ynesifal Snsseooid 9] suep seyndep Sep 2191 2] ]199P E BJOOW ‘Wj JUOP SJBIUeW E] DAAC
P1099e,p sed juaie}9,U a]IW09 np Se1queu xne1quou ep enb 1ejeuBis ap euoduul ||
[0Z:9L:+L ‘e100N ueas] ‘aisies
WlOS U9,Uu S@UNWWOD Sep e1queu) e| enb jueAe sue sioJ} no xXnep judWajeJQUEH
aouewuwuoo sÂed e1jou suep sioj Sep eseueh e| Jeo ‘JeJ9e]U09 e seuuosiod
sep ajsi| E] Ins seq snid dnooneeq juewejeiouaf JUSANOJ} 9S S| ‘OUR 212 1nod
sie ‘sayndep se] suoJoufi snou ‘sanije|si6a] suonsenb ap yes |Inbsio] ‘enb jueyne
Jnod auip sed 1ne4 eu 2/99 ‘aysepou 15e shed aou suep sineje/siBe] sep 9/01 a] [°**]
: « SUIR9HOUWE SUNOS
18 S9J91J » SING] Je SUBIDeUeD sayndop Se] eue eouelayIp e] enbons e ‘uoyfuIysenA
e eysiÂqqo| yele || no enbode] juejeddei ‘aiooyy UeeS ‘uolsIosp ep snsse9solid
9] suep Jenof e jeyideo ejg1 un juo sayndep se] enb jueweebs esued 9}IWOD 27
jJuouoBeñus
199 1909194991 je 19Beinooue JUSAIOp sS}UeWeUJeANOH se7 “JUsWAaAOe Jo6eBue
As e je ‘senbnijod sap uonesoqeja,p snssedoid 2] Suep jo} snjd J96eBue,ss e sualpeue)
S®| JOJIOUI SUOA9P SNON ‘sSenbnijod sine] juassi]qe]e SJueuweuleAno Se] JUOP UOde] el]
op suab se] zuo nb uonde)ed e] juewue|qe128pISUO9 18IPOUW e1pneJ || ‘SeJeJUeWEeUIsANOË
SUONN}SUI SB] SUEP 10} E| J1]q2]91 Jo BPOUePUS} 2}}99 JOSISAUSI IN0O4 ‘AMP e jUO SIINb
99 aJpuajUus E 9SSaJajuI Sed JSa,U JUBWAUIBANOH Jne] enb juesued je eouenpui eunone
JIOAE,U JUSS SUalpeue) ep dnooneeq enb jie} ne JUeUWIeINns jUdI] SUOSIEI S8O Bp eun 7
‘auusiuAD 9e1e Sol|qnd Siioanod Se] 1819pISU09 ep sed jUenbueW eu suosiei s27
[GG:0L:SL ‘00jpnouq no9S] ‘1eu9
S91} 19009 Jed }IUI 2199 ‘epuOUW 9] ]no} UNS Based Inb uoÿdnos 29 JIOAe,p ules sed
}$9,U 99 Je ‘said suondeoxe,p ned sai} e ‘nel|Ilu 29 SUP epuouw a] JNO} e seid ned e
e9UeljUO9 allez jned uo nb esued af ‘aiieuo9 ny “eoUeIJUOD Bp enbuew 8, Jenbipul
Jnod eubis un,p Janbsew Se] }IPJNOA UO IS SWWO9 }S8,9 je Snje sjuejuesaidel xne
IU Xn® e |U 29UeIJU09 Sed UO} INS] au SJ nb saJeuuonouo, XNe JIOAES UOJ S|! JUSANOS
“IS QWWOD 352,9 ‘saysiAqqo] sep puebea, e ejeioue6 epnyye] epieBel uo pueno
: UOI9IdSNS 984 S919pPISUOI
sioped juos « Suelonijod » Se] je sjusweUJaANOH Se] ‘soe sina; aubjey
‘UOISSNOSIP E] SUEP 19JJU9
e SU9/0}9 Se] sno} J9Beynoouse suonep snou :snjd sues ‘eiod e| IANO, sed yyns eu
| “SIAe Jne] Op 8jdW09 juel} jUeweuIsANOË 8] enb sure, 21} JUBINBA SaseuIplo sue sal]
uenodul Issne 158,9 Je ‘Sie “Sesud ju0S Inb suoisioop se] juos sejjenb je suoissnosip
Se jueuuoÿe, Inb sinejoey se juos sjenb ‘senbijqnd senbujod se] ins yeqep 9] ebuip
IND JIOAeS jue/neA ‘uosiei 9eAe ‘SUBAO}ID S87] ‘[euuoIsIoap snssosoid ne Jedioiued issne
JUSINBA SjI ‘SIOJ9}NO} ‘sdue] sug e| SUeq ‘orqnd yepuewW np ja uonsof ep senbieud
8S
sauuo
ue Bee eres S| SUEP ‘ejueBlequi je ejgeynbe aseiuewW ep SUOISI98p ses puald
is OP Jn9| anb Jainsse.s 1101nod jusyeynos suaipeued Se] ‘Wed eun,q ‘sey1e0e)
P JUSW9}/991 Sod. juewieuisanoG np 9}469}u1,| anb possai |! ‘eja9 yno} aq
[SS:S1:g ‘JayoeuoD nq] ‘sasud els
JUOS SUOISIDEP Se] Sa}No} ‘e|-JUsWOW ad e ‘uou one se ua Pat cs
enb je ansiuiw ne 818] eun J8oAue jueaned s]inb ‘sjuouweBueus sep e auenno
}S9 Sod e] enb ‘edeje siaiwiaid oun }S9,9 enb juasusd sy}! ‘aquesaid 1s9 io] op jeloud
un,nbsio7 “yHe\sI63; snssoooid 9) sed jueuuelduoo eu suelpeue) sep uednid e7
: SIAE BWW NP JS SOUEIISNNS US 212209]
[0t:9L:+L ‘8100 uees ]'« suondo
SEP SUNSEYD Sp SJUSIUSAUOOUI Se] je sePejuene se] 19104 ‘suondo sa] 19104 ‘uosenb
2] PIOA » : SIP SP Je epeano snid dnooneeq epnyye aun Jeydope,p ‘suosenb
sepues6 se] jueA9p ‘nel ne — sipuajap je 1eououue ‘J8pI98p — aJiejueuweed
JUSWSUJSANOË np epoujew e| JSe9 ‘elpusjep ‘Jeououue ‘Jepoaq : va
: e1Baqui,p euenb ane eooue sed yned eu snssesold 9] ‘npuejue e a}iuo9 9} enb 90
UO|as ‘SIEN ‘91jqnd np uonediored 21e] aun e jueIANO| US JuewewaIxnep je juaedsue.}
snsso901d e| juepusi Ue jueweleluieaid ‘sUOISIO9p ep esud ep oygnd snsseooid
np aju1Bajui] Jounsse e asia inb ‘abie; snid jnejsi6be; sipeo un suep ywosul.s saJsiAqqol
sap ojsibei 27 ‘seujne,p iwued juewusaje UN,Nb enysuo9 eu 2/89 ‘jeuuolsiosp snssa9ojd
9] SUEP eoualedsUBI] BP 2S0P aUIEUE1, SUN AJJNSUI E 107 EJ IS WA ‘SIOJOMNOL
[G£:0L:SL ‘eID 18184] juaquesaidei sua
se] IND je UONEWIOJU!,| JUBIAOIG NO,p }S9,9 “JOUILUJE}EP }neJ |LNb 89 SIP ‘UONEWJOJUI,|
ins senbujod Ssinej sapuoj JU8AÏOP SJueWeuIaAnoË seq “UOHeWUOJUI,| slew Suid
Inb eouenqui] snjd jse,u 29 ‘jeuIequI,p esneo y ‘ooueiedsuel} e| INs snjd dnoonesq
giqe} Inb juswausesAno6 un e auleye suone snou iny,pinoiny ['’] suosiueBio
snou enb uolune: anbeyo Jesejoep suonep snou lonbinod 58,9 ‘[''’] syoej}uo9
QP SUDA e] je GOUSNUI,P Dyes} 2j 1eJAe Jnod juewueequesse enÿuos 979 e [""']
107 e] ‘IN| UO|aS “WeID 18784 Jed eaddojangp 939 e Bgp! 8h89
[OS:0L:G) ‘UUON eue14] “Sdwe}Huo}
sindap snjd juejsixe,u si] ‘886. ep sajepueos XNE Jelpelued SP sed zsÂessa N
‘uonsenb aIeJA E| E| 158,9 6SISIES S9]J9 SNOA juop — anblu0198[2 ~eyNeuNWWOd
eB} gwWwoo—sawejqoid Se] JUOS SjenD cIO0Z Ye juaysixe nb sawejqoid
se| juos sjanb :yIns ewwod UONENIS El jabesiaue en9-ned yWespnes || ‘886L
ep eweajqoid ej 181691 9p sinofnoy zeÂesse SNOA SIP) ‘886L 2P 107 E| EP UOISIAGI
e| euleque e 299 |] sejepueos snpuajaid sep asneo e egsodoid 9j9 e 107 e| ferry
: gnb esuad UO GUI ‘Juleye 919 jueweBlel] e |! je
“enbneid e] Suep Ja}sixe snjd eu ajques
‘9019 ale e awalss 9} jenbe] 1nod jnoefqo | 158,9 “end!
cad saine p 98AUE, jenbojq je seesoddo senA sep uolssaidxa | JayOedweae
oid uos e oqnd jeqep 81 Jeunojep assind sed ueiq aysiAqqo| un,nb ayiiqissod
e7 ‘ouqnd np uojediomed e| @ Jegep 29 aJANO |! ‘Juenbesuoo Jed ‘je juel} es jegep
ZS
a| « JUBLWAUJEANOB np InaluejuI] e » NO juewesioald enbipui saysiAqqo] sep ejsiGe 9] ‘We}
U3 ‘Snss9901d 29 JadUaNI|JUI e JUBYDIEYO IND NNO Se] je SAU 1n9J98S NP $}gJ9}U! Se] JUOS
sjenb je seaipnje JUOS Sa]je NO « JUsWAUIBANOH np InalSJUI | 2 » JOeXS }OJpUa,| ‘UCUIEXE |
eB suolsenb se] juos sajjanb ‘sesouo sene eue ‘anbipul sajsiAqqo; sep eusiBel
a| : sonbjod sep uoieioqe|e,p snsse9oid np aulejo UOISIA Bun jueuuop ue ‘enbijgnd
UONeJSIUILUPE] Sep a]1BaJUI| SOA, S2992,P 9}JI98, SYED ‘JOUJSJU] 19JJNSUO9 9p JJNS
|| ‘SOSUUOP $S99 JOANOI) INOg ‘SIN2PI99P sep UOIUIdO] INS — J8nJuI e 891809 NO — enpUI
nb je sjugweuUblesues sep euuop Inb ‘ueweueanof ne eped nb J1101e8S Ju8W8|I9e]
jueaned sueB seq ‘oijqnd np uelWexa] e SJIJUO9 SJENJUSAS Se] JUesodxe us ‘JuoJedsuel}
snssoooid 9] a1puei e dnooneeq enqujuoo SseJsiÂqqo| sep eusibei 27 ‘seujne sep
Jueuunep ne ‘enA Ep julod Un,p no ‘Je18juI UN,p uonowoid e| as1oyne uo nbsind ‘ieje]suI,s
S1919JUI,P }IJUO9 8] Sse} UO nb Sep esIo1dWO sa 19-2|189 ‘JUeuWSUISANOË np Jeu,
op uonsenb ayseA e| eaAnou es BulAqqo| 8] JNS UOISSN9SIP 9]N0} ep 1N209 ny
Juowoulsoanof ne sadde,| 39 93169jU1, 7 ‘+
“e|qaesuodsal 9]IW09 UN e 881jU09 819 WeIASP
suolsenb seo ep epnje] enb jueinawap ne ewuise || ‘JIUSAB] SUEP sepnje SelJeANOU
op jelqo, jueWe|qe|quesIeiA jU018 je Seiqueuo XNaep Sep SseJIWoo sep Jed essed a]
SUEP SOUILUEXE 22 JUO Sexeuuo sjafns seune.p je uonsonb #ys9 enb Issne yes || efns
29 e UOI]epUeLUWWODEJ eUunone OUOP Ie} BU || je epnje ajuesald E] Bp 21pe, np spsogep
yepuew-seide| ap « uorjolsei ap spoued » eB] anb ye) Np JUsINSUOD JS S}IWWOD 27
"JUOWUSUJOEANOB
np je JUsWaLeY Np suolnwysul Sep sywhHhejul| siuejuleWw e eJelueW ep JU,SINPUO{
os Sa}siAqqo| enb jue} Ud BUI|OD e| ANS JU@UUSIADI INb xne9 enb 8d e Je|jIeA SUIOWUeSU
ne} || “SualpeueD Sep sdiANES ne jue]lIPARJI US ‘JUoWeWNIBe] sesinboe seouessieuuCd
S80 9012 SIA es JaubeH eyeunos aulejuswajjed uaioue unnb 80 e eipueyes ep
g|qeuuosiesap sed ]Se,U || SIO] Se] SUeP Saynpeu] JUOS senbnjod sa] jenbe] sed snsssooid
np uolsusyssdwoo euuoqg eun 59,9 ‘AUI|OD E] INS JepUeW JNB| Bp SINOD ne ssinboe juo
sayndep se] anb asoyod aun 3S8 IIS ‘SIOJa]NO| ‘Ssejqesquwouu! sed ju0s eu sasiejueuwaped
sSueloue sep lojduep Seayoodsiod se ‘seo sep usiq sueq ‘enbrod ej jueyinb
Inb xXne9 ap SIA e] ep Sa} 91 Sep elued jJueSIe, BWIWOD 1818pPISUO9 Be] je [Inb ewuse
9}IWO9 9] sleW ‘apnje aju9sald e| Bp 21pe9 9] apioqep anbijqnd uonouoy ej e juenbidde,s
yepuew-saide| }2 SJ219JUIP SJJUO9 Sa] jueSSIBai apoDg 9] sed eesodui « uOOUISel
ep epoued » e] Sp spuoj-usIq 9] ONb IBJA jsa || “AYWOD Np SIABJ ISSNE ]S9,9
[SG:0L:SL ‘JOOJpNOJg HOIS] ‘sajoe}sqo xnesAnou sp J9a}USAUI,p
ules} US SJNO[No} SewUuWOS SNON ‘enbiqnd aiA e| e 1edioiued ap sue se] 186e1n098p
yned inb 99 4no} e sIYOSyes yney || ~SUONOBJa xne Ja}Uaseid 9s jeIPNOA sioje
IND
hie. | hi nr
a | RRETRER
io PO Tey mire SAT QU ETS RAR ey ul Hi 44 oc air fe
ay - wry | ae ‘ 4 i SET 100 IVEthapge meee Nes a
7 | ye ea EX € Dre, 1G eiprotel dt tell Ned etre iad al
Wie} 4 UA + ESA PA 1 IUT gr 1 i np yess cee Pic. pee ,, 7
- ji eo
a
PESO
= ult L'& d i : “ a s <¢ | 0 2 UE a
2 | os": j ane 3 ra \
i À | | aus Hi] FL ALL
7
On 7
| = —
CERN Se
re) in eet; re oy ee
a ew 4? à Re
AS ETS) Ne En opera
jôe . de UE ae St) 40! 3nèis dé 3 eR Bont} 20 io opp + punt
BMIBUISNK QS Fi 7) ay SU Que Suneuce’ 14 Bro. 21
Pag Ge UOC Ise Je | SON sde” ators
aes À
JET NEA 2 4 ice, 2
y CoG ei Corne ca: id 4 He nar, SIS FIBLE
AA > art b Seo, 21 0e S Pep SN Lda
Wisi pnt ca AU sb AW a tg) er 20 ÿ «ut J aot
hae “tik
4 La :
a à
PCT hig! Late ‘af
Fa *
à HET
J
‘2
Lv
‘salsiAqqo| Se] Jnod uonebinaip ep a1aeuwu Ud Sa|janjoe seouebixe
sap UONP9IJIPOUW SuNONe spueWWODE eu || ‘eouenbesuos Us ‘Je 107 2] Bp XNEJUSUWIEPUO]
sediouud Sep pieBai ne sajenbepe juos suwibhes janjoe,|; ap Sayjepouu se] enb asapisuoo
BUWOD 9| ‘UoneBINAIP ap suaijeLU UB soouebixe sep jsa Inb 29 Jnod ‘uoIsnJouo9 UW
‘}U8I[9 UOS }9 }290A UN 91}U9 SUOI}EDIUNWIWOD
sap 9}JPHU9pPIJUO9 ap suosies sap 1nod juswajsibaiua,|; ap sajeiousof
saouabixe xne uorjds9xe aun 410A9Id A 1nod 107 e] 1811pouu ap sed ssodoid
au |I,nb ouos ap ‘juessaid snjd d1qQnd 3219ju1,p jn9efqo un 1s9 saysifqqol
sap 91s1591 np 9}1B69jui] ap uonuiewu 8j ‘Xneunqn} Sa] jueAop oui] us
sarued sap e s9ipnfoid uiey189 un Jasned ‘sed Sales ap suep ‘assind ju81J9
un,p 9}jusapl, JanBinaip ap uoneBrjqo, anb uaiq ‘onb awijsa aywo9 97
: Z uolnepuewwosey
9ÿ
‘0UsNbssuod UF ‘seouejsui xnep sep aun, SUP sJa1ejuI
Ses Jajuesaidei Inod 129018 ane unp SOOINeS Xne Sal] SJSUUOHIPPE siesj Se] JeUINsse
SAIOP ANEple|djuaijo un ‘suolses90 seue) ap ue nb Jeaue JUSWSANOOUe yeunod || “eujsi6au
np Joefqo] 18nu09 Jnod jusiosa sieanew e 99sijijn 91J9 yeinod gasodoid uoNeoyIpow
e| elju09 JE4 “‘XNeunqu} sa] yueAsp abi) ue seed sep e esoipniaid juawasneues
Jayod ep elen6 enbsi eu 107 e sed e96ixe uoneBinap ej enb sep se ayo
9] ejJqUESUS] SUEQ ‘UoinN|os e e Sa senbsu se je euwsaqoid np eoueBin] soue/eq
ue eMeu OP UONEPUEUIWO8] 8789 e syWWOD np ssuodei e7 ‘aJeuues es ap Buo|
ne JNO} SJU8I 000 OL ep snid ajuesaidel e jis awawW sre siewel ye}e In| su ee enb
enbipul e || juewueue Sai} yNpold as JayoY ‘N Jed 9}199p JJUO9 ep uonenls 27
[SO:91:LZ ‘18704 ‘A UOWIS]
‘JU8I9 UN JOUUOpUege jusWeduis sed eu ap enbifojoyuoep uoneBijqo aun e yeOOAe
UN ['"] ques 89 Jejueseide: ep Jasnyos juewunjosqe |I-WeIAep fjesonej] eBallaud
ep uoneBiigo 27e e Jeouousi e a1pnosei as sed 1ned au juaijo 9} [no je] uogewoqu
0|8} NO syjUEp! UOS JenBINAIP ep jusio ne Yo} np Je18, eje0 no seo ne ['']
: yeoone ane un JaBeGHus,p sbijqo ane WesNod jualjo 9] ‘sUolse990 Sees Bp ue nb Je
‘SJ9J8JUI,P JIJJUO9 UN J290A2, JINOd 18819 1nod jU8Ijo Un,p ayuepl] 1en6InAIp sp uoNeBbiqo,
ajenbe] uojes 9gv. Jed sewulidxe uoyednooogid e| ep a}dwWod juan ajo9 27
‘JEOOAL 19 JUSI[O SJUS SUOI}EO!UNWLUOD Sep eBallAUd 8] 110jPA JUeSIe} US
jueweduis ayjuepi ins} 186a1oid ap ‘sjueljo Se] SNO} ‘We} ep ‘no JUS, UN JeJeuogdue,u
uou ‘99. Jed eesodoid uoneoyipou e| yeydope uo Is ‘enb juIe19 9yWOD 87
[oL:9L:Le ‘1h04 “A UOWIS] ‘BuAqqo]
ep elle} sed JAP SU ‘ajjanjoe 107 E] ep NUEA US ‘29012. SPO |I21Ed ud ‘WOU UOS
JOnBINAIP ap Hop 8] J290AE,] e ISUUOP sed 1neA au JU8IJ9 Bj IS anb ajqe}se}UODUI }Se |]
“an621109 UN E 18ISSOP | 21} SUR] }9 JUSI|O
a| JajUaseides ap 185589 JJOP J200AB, ‘SUONONISUI SED SJAINS SOUSIOSUOD 9}NO} US ned
QU ]LS ‘eue, a] ep eBI\Go Je || Seo enbeyo suep slew Ua NP SUOHONASUI SO} ins 10S
‘onanemqiu aidoid es ap }0S ‘Ju8Ifo UOS 8p WOU Ne eBalaud 9] ieuuiye jned J29042,7 ‘JUeI|9
ne juoredde jenbe] ‘eBellaud np esnge uo nb ayiqissod ej jsa eouenbesuo euigIxNep
27] 9ljqnd np uoUsjul,| & S}UA!|9 Se JEJRUSPLP 158 inb ‘ensiBei np ynoelqo,| ep TS e
yeu! |Lnb 359 jueple snjd 87 ‘sneBou see xnep SUIOW ne pene 91/9} SUIWOD UO!ALOSU!,|
e Jopsooid ap nal ne « suoHed|UNWWOS S8P obeiAud np uosies US JU8Ij9 vow ep a}juepl.|
ap uoneBlnaip e| e esoddo,w ef » JUSsWa|CWIS e1iP ap s}e00Ke xne payee ajuesiejsijes
sed jsa,u uolnjos eyed enb e18piSu09 aJuo]n 27 ‘JueWelysIPaius] ep Nae
ne uoneiejoep es suep gyljeljuep\juo0o SP you 1nod Beet cre an Jueusadui
auuorueu 29012] ‘JU8I9 NP ueuwonsiBeiue] ep nel ne ‘enb esodoid 98v.1
SV
‘107 B| 8p asneod e x!IOYO 9|
sed jeAe.u |I,nb yey a] Ans eBsuajap es JaSOdad aile} }211n0d sjejuapuos syuoweuBiesuel
Sep 919191 JI0AE JNOd SeJIBUIIdIOSIp Seinsauwu sep e soe} Wea} IND j2901e un ‘sed
S|2] 9p SUB ‘A}IJEUILUIO e] Bp Synpoid sep 26e[oÂ9e1 9] ANS 107 e] e JUBILEE) soauodde
SUONEOIJIPOU Sep NSA ue ejduexe Jed ‘uOHeWIOJUI| ep JaNBinAip JUSAIOP s}edoAe
SQ] ‘e[219p9] UoNe|sibe] Be] ap NSA Ud ‘no SUOI}eNyIs Sep issne e À || ‘eBIXE] 107 e| eNnbsJo|
UONEWIOJUI,| ap JaNHynaip jned yeoone un ‘sa]Pai seo jUeWAUIE|O juenbipui] BUWOD
‘2112SS99oU }S9 Inb 89 enb syueweufiesue
ep snjd JenBnaip sed eu ep ulos a1pueid sinofno] plop 129042, ‘Juajeduwo9 |eunql1}
un,p SoUeUUOPJO eUn,p NO 107 e| ep nyeA ue eefixe se uoneBnaip e| enbs107
107
e] 9p NUSA ue 9Bljqo 2139 À no ‘jUello 9] Jed BsiO}Ne JUSWA}OI|dw! no juowossaidxe
ane A sues sjusweubiesuas sao JenBnaip sed yop eu || je ‘ejjeuuoIssaJoid
uonejas E| ep suped 9} Suep snuds}qo judo np souleye Se| JUeUIaDUOD
SuouwouBiesuei Se] SNO} SjeUSP!IYUOD JUBW9}OIJ}S JUS} ep Uo}eBI|qgo] eB J29012,7
: Seuuauejuo alBojojuoep Bp sajHa se] suep ajdwexe Jed ‘suonde9xe
souleyao e A || ‘sanjosqe sed juos eu aJe}Uuepyuo) e] juessiBas Inb safe se] enb ye}
np JU9I9SU09 SO S}IWOD e] ‘ajeubis sed Je] eu 99gv. enb usig je ‘Juewewexneq
‘UonISOd aujne,| JUESIP811U09 NO JUBN|OXS EUILUON
UOU }9 — SojuelIBA Sep — ju0S SlIInb 29 1nod jueuwuie]9exe JU218pPISUO Se] xneunq}
Sa] ‘Wed 1ne] 1n04 ‘sauleipisqns sjueunfBie,p yes |Inb jueweuelo ayiubis ayuesaud sel]
Inb je901e] je ‘suoneBalle sina] suep « SaJIeIpISqns » SJueunbJe sep — juetwue]|jenjiqeu
‘le, Op — juowwenbel] jueoueae eynsinod aun e sailed Se] ‘Wel; 2q “seduUe}SUODIIO
SeJUdJayIP Suep Sjuouwunbie Sjueloyip Jesiyn jned amed eunnb emeuuosei J1nod
sjuebi||e}U! JUSUIWIESIHNS JUOS SUalpeue, Xneunqi Se] enb siAe,p 158 SyWOD 8] ‘enuuoa
}18J UBIO NP UONISOd E] IS eWeW ‘2J}N0 UF ‘In| 21JU09 SaAN9Jd SWWO9 1N09 US S898I]N
JU8IOS 19-Saj89 enb enbsu ep sed ouop e Au ji ‘jualld np suoneMesqo Sep nuajuo9
9| 21}SI691 np sul xne JeJe92p ap sebijqo sed juos eu sejsiAqqo) se] ‘jJueWeJEIWWeJd
: SUOSIEJ Sinaisnid nod ogV,| 8p enA ep juiod 9 sed oBeued ou allo) 27
[00:91:12
‘JOWOd ‘A UOWIS] ‘JeUNgI} 9] JUPAOP SIPU9JSP ep ules} US se ejje,nb uoNIsod
e| suep 19Bejueaesep e] ap julod ne enBique je 107 e] SIAe uos e,Nb ayoes uo nb 89
e osodxes ajja 1S BulÂqqo] np ase} ap pop Np #pAlud BANOL} BS 2||1 ‘JUSUIOUW SsWeW
ne jeunqis} ne je} ua eplejd euuosiod 229 je ‘aagjnojed }S2 suleyUsWI|e UOISUed
e| JUOp udde} e| juessiBai juowe/Bei un no enbmjod eun no 107 e| JeyIpow sue}
Jnod suoisseid sep 18918X2 21j2-ynod e1pnoA unnbjenD ‘juejue un,p epief e] ep
yelns ne ajduexe Jed ‘eyndsip oun e À [1 no jeljwes }loup ap uonenyis eun suouIBeuul]
: UONE1}SN]|| SPUOIES SUN SIO JBVOY "WW
vv
[O00:9L:1Z 42}0d ‘A UOWIS] ‘JUaIID UOW 2 }eJinu ejao enb weulBbew!
xned ef ‘1989 anb join\d eja0 JUSWIeIA aijiuBis 107 e| enb neve un awWWOD ajeidiequi
°19 }elnod eje9 [':] axueueued uode} ep auodde jos ynesiBal jueuueBueyo
99 anb JIU8]q0 e yey ue ayoJous jU8119 ej enb nuuoo jee IIS uleye 229 suep jueljo
UOW JNOd ejqisinu sen eue Jeinod 99 ‘107 889 e eguodde Jos eaAne/siBe] uoisioaid
sun,nb jiU83qo inod BuAqqo| np sie; ef ‘sdwis} SwaewW uy ‘enique js9 107 el Je
‘107 2799 aljIuBis enb ee, no 1989 759,9 Is juepuedep ‘nef ue eyiqesuodse: epues6
S91} eun e Inb un,nbjenb sjueseides af ‘ejes anb Joid 1969 ayluBIs — ayeosy 101 eun
SUOSIP — 81elnotued 10] aun nb 11ojeA juesie, jeunqu} un juenep Joulbewi,w xned af
: 9|dwaxe UN BUUOP 18}J0d ‘W
ES|S}USPIJUCD Sjueweublesues ap JenB\nAip sed au ap 11018p 9} je eus np suy xne
JUS!|9 UN,P 9}}UEPI,| JONBinAlp ap uoHebqo,| ojue |1-}!61ns yWWyUOD UN DUOP JUQWIWOD
‘SJueuouBissual Sep 9]PUSPIJUON
e| JIUSJUIEUI }9 JUSIO UOS OP SUONONISU, Se 19J90dS91 Yop Jeluep 29 ‘JenBINAIP
se] sed ou ap J29042] e apueWwap LS ‘SealBalAud SUone9Iunwuuwuoo se J8nBINAIP
9p UOIJON1SUI | JEOOAE,| E JSUUOP }nad jUAIIO 9] nes : jueuoduui JUIOd UN_p RB] nes ||
[0G:SL:LZ ‘1804 ‘A UOWIS] ‘aurez ej sed ou Op nue]
sins af ‘sjuswauBlasues seo JenBinAIp ep euUOpsO,W 10| UN IS SWAN ‘UOIJONSUI
euuop Ua, IIS enb jualjo uow ap spuaidde,! enb 29 Jen6inaip xned ou ef [1]
‘90e, Jed anbipunf uogezueseidei aun no ‘yedoAe un,p enbipunf siAe un 11u81q0,p
Jueyou1od UONEdIUNWUWOD 8}N0} SIEWW JUaIIO aj 2218 uoeIunuwuwo) eno} sed ["*’]
: J90A | Op jauUO!ssajoid }e198$ np eBsllAud np sinjeu e] e1pueaiduuo9 ep
pioge. p euoduu |! ‘uns yeunod }yjuoo un eielueu ejjenb ep s1pusidWos ap Ul
[0t:SL:L& ‘18h04 ‘A UOWIS] ‘891 JUO sjI,Nb
uouues e] B6IXa,| BWIWOD ‘jeuuolssejoid 381985 9) 1eBajoid e 8jSISU09 ojejuewepud}
uonebijgo ine} enb syeoone XNE JSUHHUO9 JEJA8P 107 El enb sioio ef ‘jueayoe seo
27 ‘eWWAIIp a JUBASP S99eId 8179 Juele1Inod 129018 Sep NO SUONEMIS SSP JeuiBeuui
Juewe|I9e; yned uo slew jueuwenbesy ned ses enb esasod es eu |I,Nb SsloJo of
: JUSANOS Jojuesaid es ep aJen6 anbsu au }jjU09 8 enb yyeuuo,ei
(ugipeueo neaueg np uoljeloossy quepisaid-89/A eweixnep) 1}04 UOWIS "WV
jueuensifaiue | OP 1N8J9811P Np
nod uoneBInAIp-uou e] ep uojueui }9}n]d JUBssey
senbiBojojuogp SuolH2I9pISUOO Sep mod siueuwauBiesusl sep ns Ms
seoone sa} enb eoueBixe, Jed 991299 819 JUSWSI}OE} ise mae er L ‘2
uoHeoyIpow eB} e esnalias uoNoelgo eunone 110AE A ned eu IN 94.1
saidne uone12199p ine] SUEP SJOoUI Sed J
cv
‘107 e| Jed 296Ixe 159 2]P}UEepIJUON
e| enbsioj ‘uonesiueBlo eunp no euuosied eunp wou ne enbljqnd eBieuo
eun.p aulejnyi} uN e 1198 Jed no JUSWAajeJO SUOH}EAIOSGO.P NO sIAe.p uornejuasald (9
Expl
: SJUBAINS Sed se] suep sed enbi|dde,s au 107 aJUuasaJd e7 (Z) +
: 107 e] ep (z)t eudeifeed a] ajueains uoÿe] e|
OP J21JIPOU Sp SspUBWULUODS E UOHeEIOOSSY/,7 ‘2]|EIJUEPIJUO ap ajjeuuoIssaJoid uoyefi|qo.|
Jewoiduo9 ej89 enbsio nes ‘s}eooAe Se] JNOd uoneBInAIp e] ep uonduwuexe eun 1Iu8}qo
e sed jIeu91ou9 eu a[18,nb auBinos e 9gv,1 ‘SJU8I[o SES SISAUS JEDOAL| BP 9}I|B}USPIJUOI
9p JIOASP 8] 18 107 | BP nueA ue UoneBnAIPp Bp seoueBIxe Se] aJjUe JIJUOD [enJUSAS
un JeJhA9 1nod SeinsewW seuleu129 euuaid uo nb epuewuuwuo9sel e 9g,1 (94) ualpeues
nesuweg np uoielossy,| 219 © 9]WON 8] JUEAOP JJ}IeJeEdWOD e UlOWS} JOIUEP 27
JU8119-1n91n901d ayyeNHUspyUuoD ‘8
Jofns 99 e uonepuewwo9s1
ounone ouop yej au || Je Jepuew uos assedaijno BuAqqo] ap
S91IPIOUOU Sap ajedSIj UOI}ONpap e] ap uoNsanb ej anb awijsa a}yIWOD 97
: LZ uonepuewwossy
: suosies
S80 INO ‘NUSASI 8] INS JOdUWI,| 9p 107 eB] e Sed pusje,s eu sa]siÂqqo] Sep juewensifaius |
INS 107 eB] Bp eo) 9 Jed ueuwexe] enb J1eJ9 158 |! ‘HulAqqo; 9] uns esouspIoUl eun
Juewauley1829 juefe uosenb eun,p JIBeS |S ewe] ‘SeoUeUI4 Sep sJ}SIUILU Np JepueW Np
yYOossad Inb je NUBAB 8] INS }OdWI| ap 107 E] SUeP 9EjIe1} uonsenb aun JS sjauUOISsajojd
SI21} Sep UOISOdWI,pP a1aneu ue ajeJapea) enbod ej enb siAe.p }se ao) 97
[0€:60:Z1 ‘H09S uyor] ‘seeuue seieluiep G| sep
sin09 ne sAisod aJelueu ep enjo1® e Inb snsse9soid un suep epeiBonai anse
eun jUsWE|GeluspU! }WeJEN}}SUOD je enbijgnd uojouo, e| ep IU Selejueweped
Sep IU }219]}UI| SUeP Sed ]I219S OU 2/99 ‘SU9S UOW E ‘3 ‘SIWOJIdWO9 }I219S 299 ]NO]
‘’’Sexa|duuo9 sjefns xne1quou ep uns Sajoyne sep seidne eeuuosie] UONUSAISQUI |
ep ‘anbijqnd enbnjod ue sjeuuoissejoid sjiasuod Sep }n09 e| }Ie1IpINoje e189
‘uolonpep e] yewuddns uo, IS ‘21}N0 UT “enusAjeW JUOWOIIEI SO 2ANENIUI 9709
‘elfe a}AOe eun enysuoo anbijqnd eHieyo ep seuen sep saidne HulAqqo|
9} enb jUeINOA Injed e juowalalNoiued je ‘107 eB] BP Sinajooup sediouud esenb
xne JUoW9/|qe}I9A 219upE SPUOW Jj] }NO} NO sinsew E] SUEQ ‘UOSEB UE SII2SU09 ap
no sajqe}dwoo ‘senbipunf seoimues se] enb 91 awewW ne seuwnBe] esiudesjue,p sie)
sap sed juos ou BulAqqo| ap Seureiouou Sa] anb 811p ep aJ°euipur UOSe} eun 159,9 [''']
: p1099e p sed
JUOS ou SjIeSUu09-Sa}si{qqo] se] ‘[6ÿ:GL:8 ‘eouelIenuns ua enessouweq] ‘« enbnesoowep
snsse901d e| JoouanpuI e Jeple se} Jnod xneloeds SjaJajuip sednoi6 seuou ap
e enbijqnd uonueagns aun »,p Hes |! ‘e[fue ueues un snos ‘Je BulAqqo| ap sssusdap
cv
Jnod uoronpep el] JSUILUIIS,p esodo:d
Np eousjo duos e| ap angjay Inb jefns un
97 PulAqqo| ep saitesouoy SOP 9]295I] UO!
JUO SUIOWS] SUIBUSTD ‘sadUeUI4 sep 21JSIUILU
3S Uonisodui,p enbyod ej anb eunse ajwo9
J}ONPEP E] ep uosenb 93e juewiejeBe e ||
Buifqqo] sp soseiouou sap ajeosy uoronpsq ‘/
‘SISuUOHIPUOS SaulesOUOY Xne S9A1}E]81 107 E] ap
Suonisodsip se] ayipotu UO,| anb sed 2UOP spueWIWODAL au |! je sayenbope
yuOS sajjanjoe uoreBinap op soouoBixe $3] onb 919pISUO9 a}yWO0D 97
: 0Z uohepueuwossy
: SOJIBJOUOU Sep
uoneBInAIp e| e juenb snssap-io seaulidxe sales e sejqelquues suosies Sep 1n04
‘SISUUOHIPUO9 SedleJOUOY SEP JUSAOŸEI
SILS UONIE98P Ine] Suep juenbipul saysiAqqo] se] anb ebixe 727 ej ep (6(z)g eeue
‘SpuO} SP 101790, 8 NO sjeyoe sap e JUSWISAI}E[81 jueuuoueAnoË np enbuogjenb soyeueq
un jUSI}GO ju8ljo Un nbsio] ‘p-e-°9 ‘epeue) np juswaWeAnob 8] wed spuo) ap 101J90,p no
Sjeu9e,p Jess jI,nbsio] jnes aseq 9ye9 snos 15e jueaned saysiAqqo| seq ‘117 e| ap NEA
US Se]}IpiejuI Sed JUOS OU SJeUUOHIPUO9 SAJIIBIOUOU,P SejuejUS se] ‘ejfenJoe 21neu,] V
SJSUUOHIPUOI SSIIBIOUOH ‘9
‘SaliPiouou
sina} quonBinaip siinb sajysiAqqo; sep uebixe inod 107 ej syIpow
uo,| onb sed ouop apuewwose: au |i }8 SejuesieJsies JUOS sajjanjoe
uonebinaip op soouoBixs saj enb euwnse ajwo 8j ‘souonbosuos uz
: 6L UONEpueUIWIO2 y
‘SU. Seyne, p @ NO sjejjUOD Ep ENA UE Sie UN Jed segue SUOlEI00BEU Sap 18AEJUS P
a1ooue no ‘aJA9dWO es e alinu ap No Sie uN e sejqelseidde sualoueUl} syJoid no
seued sep Jasneo ap juawaqe|quiasieiA yeianbsii UOEBINAIP 2] JUOP sjuaweublesual
sep Janbiunwiwos ap juaweueAnob ne yIpsejul Inb ‘uopeuuoquI| 8 S899E/ ANS 107
e| ap OZ gjolve,| Dene ajquedwoou! ee yeunod seije1OUOY sep uonebinaip ej se6ixQ oe
‘SOAQ|O SNIC JUSIEJAS UOEAISSO,P JO UONBJISIUILUPE,P S}NOD SO e
‘gouauedsues) spUeIB SNid eun JI218}1Nns91 ue
nb yuaweulejo suyeredde,p uio] }se |! ‘siojaino| ‘senbnijod sep ued ej Ins jueyoduul
f as yeunod ejjenbe] ‘uoNeulWwiosip
noafqo un aipuieye,p weebesiAua UO IS J8UNSN! |
si ae pron sasielouoy ses ep UoneBNAIP e| e eHiSNpuI eines eun imeinssy +
: SUOSIEJ BP SJQUUOU
ueue9 un unod ejqeyeynos uoldo eun sed 15e ,u SeIBJOUOU sep uoHebinaip e| END SIAB,p
LV
SO aJIWON 27 ‘91jqnd jauUOISIOap SNSsedOJd 9] SUEP UOHJEUWUOJUI,| OP BOCIIJJO UO!}E|NDIIO |
Joinsse Jnod jueuiodiui JusWINJSU! UN 8n}}SU09 jo a} Ba] 2}AN9E BUN ainawuep BHulAqqo|
97 ‘INy,punoine epeue ne sedIAJaS ap SaljsNpul seujne,p dnooneeq ewWWOD ‘J}}eduo9
sel] ayoueW Un suep eJedo sejezueueuleAno suorejei ep je soenbijqnd senbipjod
op eJeljeu US SII2SU09-S99IA9S Sep eoujsnpui| enb sed elouBlu eo) 97
[00:/L:+L ‘e1oon uees] ‘18sued yenod uo nb 89 Bp BSJOAUI,|
Juo9J9exe JS9,9 SIEW ‘UOIjEIE29P EP ale} JIO|NOA sed ou ap UOSIes 2}U2/|29X9
aun 359,9 ‘slow Jed $ 0006 eune,p unnbjenb e 1epuewep jusaned sj! ‘esouo
eWelW e| SUIOW no snjd eue, inod slew ‘siow sed $ 000 £ NO $ 000 Z JepueWwep
ina] jueanod sjI ‘SJU8I|9 Se] 1e11}e 1n04 ‘ned jualed Se] Sjualjo SuI2u199 julod jenb e
eu9es uo,nb sed juajnan eu sJinb 159,9 ‘ejeo 181e[99p e juesoddoss si! puenb sdwe}
np yednjd e] enb uoisseiduui] 1e. f ‘ejao sip af puenb low ep jueuoy es jueweuieano
9] 2818 SUole[e1 ap juedn990,s Inb sanBajjoo saw enb sies af je ‘juowueljeuuosiedg4
: enbidxe a1oon ueses “BulAqqo] 2p Seul} SeUIEUE9 Op Uonein)2e] ap Senbneid sel
INS sesnaues zosse SUoISsNh91odai Sep J101e Je1nod eouaBixe 2729 ‘se snid IND
‘uoneBInAIp 91/9} eUn,p ayIsseoeu
e| soouaipne ses sunoo ne seo 9g] 2]9 E,U 2/99 enb ejueouleAUoo snjd Uoÿe, ap 181JUoOWI9P
yWeupney |! ueWeeX e] Jed jueweeniut sadope 107 e] e sanbsew Issne uoÿe] ap 196019p
op jueAe nb siAep ]Se SyIWOD 27 ‘al eses UONeUWUOJUI 2ye9 lonb ue juewussioaid
JIUJep ep ‘Jeqep np eipeo e| suep ‘ajqissod je sed juepusdeo eu || ‘sesiesouou
Se] 21]IEUUO9 Op ajin 219-ned yeJes |I,Nb jueleuunse ajl09 Np seiquiew suleLED
[0Z:60:zL ‘Hoos uuor]
‘eWaJSÂS sna] ap soueJedsue} e] e Ud eynofe U SeulesOUOY sep uoneBnaip e] enb
siuf-s}e}y xne enbye.d ej suep euuorouo} UOIEBINAIP E] }UOP siglueW e| ep UBLUeXE
un,p je suledawe sanbajjod SOU 9918 SUOISSNISIP SOU Bp OSSI || ‘JUepUEedeD
‘uleolaue jU9p9991d 9] sloped jUSNbOAU! sunsewW 2929 Bp SUeSsIed seq ‘SaseJOUOY
sing] JenBinaip ap saysiAqqo| Se] je sjueynsuoo sa] inod uoneBijgo eyno e esoddo
JUDWABLOJ }S9 9 91jqnd jes9}UI!,| e enqu}uo9 UuoneBINAIP 2789 1onb ue sed }IOA eu 949
: pie6e 129 e epnjainbui ine] ewuuidxe ju0 sauejes sa]siAqqo] Se] j2 SII2SU09-S9]S1Âqqo)]
Se] ‘SeulesOUOY Sine] JonHinaip ep sebijqo jualos saysiAqqo| sa] anb esodojd ju0 sulowe]
suIee9 ‘BulAqqo, ap seuBbedweod xne saioesuod spuo} sap uoljeBInAIp e] 810
SoJIeJOUOY S9p uonebinaig ‘“G
“Sajueuaid sorued sa] 2941e
UO!}E}|NSUOD US ‘219JSIUIN 9] Jed ipuoyoidde snjd uewexs un.p jefqo,] sssey
uogisodoid ej anb spuewuwo9s1 ay109 9d] ‘UOSIeJ 9y99 1n04 ‘oousiedsues
epueif snjd oun ouexzue BHulAqqo; op saubedwed xne saisesuo9
s}UeJUOW Sa] juonBnaip sji.nb sajysiAqqo] sep 41961x9,p jiey a] anb ajqissod
yso || ‘jofns 99 e sabeyed sine sap ajiwo9 ne ajuasaid ye uo.nb uaig
re 4
: SL uonepuewwo9sy
Ov
: 9U0q “Janbynaip
e Burkqqo| ep sasusdep sa] juesioaid SS9H8JIp SeuBl] Sep Jasoqe|e yeunod uo ‘ajdwaxa
J@q “UnejeA sunone eu uonsodoid e| onb ap sed jneA ou ej89 ‘noy aubjey
___ UEWSUleYS9 JuslBiajueluBne eweysÂs np UOeEAJasqo,p }9 UOIJEJSIUIUPE p
SIN09 Se] enno UZ ‘ejin UoneBinAp sun Janyysuoo ep eoueuo ap ned e ginojeo sel]
UO JUOP UOSEJ EJ INS sile}9p 9p JaUUOP sues SE1JIU, Sap JenBnaip ap ye} ejdwis 27
[00:21:++ ‘eioon uees] ‘UOReDIUBIS ayno} npied OYA S91] JUO SOJLIUO
Se| ‘je1g ‘uÂqqo ap seyanse sep e siues juefe jueweuuogeys ep Je ePeyneuo
ep ‘ebeulejo9,p siey sine] ap efejusoinod 9 Jainojeo juelzaep S9||Al}SNpul
SUONEIDOSSE SOUIBUS9 129 SENOIPI SYA Sal] Senuenep juos sesouyo seq ['']
: pieGs 199 e euleoueuue soueuedxe | snbone
e 9J00N UeeS celdo9ojoud ep slaw no }118]8198S ap SS0IMES xne sal] XN29 SLULUOD
‘OUI} E| OP SHJEJISIUIUPE S}n09 sep ajjeuuouodoid aued eun uo-1e:8qoôue ‘ejduexe
Jed éuonsenb ue Saljjiyo se} Je[noj29 JUSWWOD ‘JSUUOULp enb 1naue us eJnpulp
jueyne yno} enbsu |[nb je ‘uleueou, Se snsse9soid un se HulAqqo; sp sesuedep sel
Joyuenb ap swewu 29e, anb uosiei ajduuis ej inod anideuo 89 e sa]noiyip Sep JoAojue
9}IUON 2] ‘ajeyUsWepUO} Snjd aigiuew eq ‘uoysenb ayueyodul 2789 1ns uonisod es 2848)
UIEU E 2]0A ajdwis UN,p aipuaedap aile; sed }10p eu jinb SIAR,p 159 allo) 9 ‘sesuedap
sep uoneBnaAip eunp sepi} sed juainddeu suiowse} sep ypednid ej enb uaig
[G£:91:8 ‘1euyoeuo) ynql ‘oye ‘eydseyoos ep spioddes sep
uoHoepel e| ‘S}juaWNOOp sap uoyeledaid ej ‘jeuuosied Np sulejes a] pusiduo 2189
: SpuOJ Sinej JUsIesUSdap 1n8j Be] WU, suonesiueB1o
sep juouwos enbijdxe juO 89UEIIeAns Us ae00WEG sp SJueuesaidas seq
[0Z:60:Z1 ‘Hoos uyor] ‘enbgnd ebieyo ep seuejnyy Sep 984 198}U09
ap osud ej aulp-e-}s9,0 ‘BulAqgo| np emsuoo JUSWejNes aied ayjed oun juop
‘SOSOU9 seujne sesJeAip jo esfjeue ‘IAINS jueuoiduo9 jejdwoo adiAJes Un JUsIyO
QJOOUS seJne.q ‘S}USI}O SINe| JOWJOJU!,P JUSBJUS}JUOD 9S S8JnE.( ‘uonejueseldal
ap 29IAeS UN JUDWAJeCIOULd JUSIYO SULEHED “eNe| € euuosied eun,p je eune, e
JOUIged UN,P JUBA SJUEJNSUOO 79 salsiAqgoj ‘S}eOOAe SEP SBdIAJES So] “epeueD NY
: eU9E] E| ap aunyeu E] UOjEs ‘SUOdSe} SSJUSISHIP Op
juabue,| ap juesuedep sejsiAqqo| Sel anb auip inod p10992,p JUOS SUIOWUS} Se] SNOL
ESEUSpIJUCS E Sp uejd 9] INS eoUsp!9Ul,| B4BS sjjenb 13 Zeainsew e| BSH
Jnod |I-J-212n09 U9 ND ZuoHeeEsgo,P S}NO9 sa] JUOISS sjanb A Ge bie eS Ss
np oouaedsuel} ej JaJoijgwe JUOWIEIA I-]-BA 2199 Te FN SPUO}
sep uojebinvip e| aujeouCd INb 89 Ue suonsenb sineisnjd Jasod ep juel Il
6€
‘JOUIO}U],| BP 219, e jueweJanoiued snd ‘ju181}Se1 je6pnq un 9818 89B91JJ9
sal] BuiAqqo) ep euBbedweo sun Jeueu ep ejqissod je} e }n0} jse |! ‘e1}U09 Jed ‘SOSIA
sje]Nsai Se] Jueweunone yjueJef eu jueBie] ep Jesuedep ep je a] enb eipusiduoo
Jnod senbueg sepues6 sep seuone uoisn, ap suejd Sa] Jajeddes as e nb e Au || uonenyis
e, ep ajduis dos dnoonesq uondiosep aun Se « eui|jo9 e| ins jueBie] ap pueda » Inb
asiÂqqo] np eBeuul] enb auip snod p10992,p }UOS SuIoWe} Sep pednid e| ‘sioJe}no |
‘aJalpnoiued
BuAqao] sp suBedweo eun.p a1pe9 9] Suep juesuedaep sjUAal|D Suna] je xna,nb jue}UOW 9|
JanBinaip ap SseBiqo jualos sJinb juesodoid sulows9} Suie189 ‘uosies 2789 JNO, ‘sJe}Nsel
Se] JUOS Single ‘Juesuodep sjI snd enb je jueBie] ap juesuedep use jJuewediuis SUI
sing] © JUBALUe SaysiAqqo] se] enb eeuoe uolssaidiul | JUO SUBH ep 21quou uog
sasuadap sap uonebinaiq ‘+
“QJ9I}EW EP] UD S2[[9n9e SsoaouaBixe Sap UO!eDIPOW aunane spueWIWOdeI
au |! 38 uonesiueBio oun,p sjduuo9 aj inod sa}siAqqo; xne juanbijdde,s
inb uoneBinaip ap sajjanjoe saduabixe sa sojuesiJns 9ANOIJ} B}YWOD 97
: Jp uonepuewwosay
quenbosuos Je4 “UOHesiuebiO
eunp ajdu09 9 Jnod juellenAer Ssa]siÂqqo| sep ed e| ep uoyeBinaip apues6 snjd
aun 19Bixe,p eunsnf sed seu |Inb anse syiwoy 9} ‘uoneBInAIp ep e1eneu ue sajenjoe
soouofixe Se] S8JUESIJINS SLULUOD 8J18pPISUO) |I,Nb ju0] Inb suosiei see Se] UNO,
‘Se{ojdue p suuou sap Jiued e suonesiue1o sap ey91eu9e1
oun eyeued Sa1siAqqo]| sep jueweusifaiue] INS soauuop ep eseq e] enb je HulAqqo|
Op Sd}IANOe Sap jue1exe so/ojdue Se] SNO} ep SWOU Se] 21SIBa1 ne auuosuIp esoduul
Jne] uo nb ‘saGuewe juotwueoueul, JNO} ep 1efqo | je 291n0s e]J nb Isule jesepaj juowueoueul]
JNO} Bp uosies eB] ‘BOUeUIBANOH Jne] Bp je [e190s jeyde Ine] ep aimons e| ‘enbipunf
ynje}S ine] JonBnaIp ap sooBljgo juelos suonesiueBlo se enb juepuewuluo9sei (DAW)
epeue) np sinejeuodxe je sJaunjoejnuey| Se] ‘ejduexe 124 ‘}USWEDUEUI Bp S291N0S
SIn®]| Je BOUeUWIBANOH 9p e1nJonIsS uns] UNS sJuowoubiesuers ep eHelUeAeDP yeoBixe UO |
IS 29910JU91 WeJaS SUONeSIUeHIO Sep a}dwod 9 1nod sajsiAqqo| sep uonesiigesuodsei el]
anb JIOJEA UOJ SUIOW9} Bp 21QUOU UIEUE9 UN ‘SNSSEP-I9 SUUO!}USW SO || SUILUOD
suoljesiuebio sap wed ej ap uoneBnaig ‘£
‘Juanbiunwiwod sji sajjanbsa|
92918 SaUUOSJAad Sap SWOU Sa] a.1}Ss!IHa1 a] Suep jUaNbIpu sjinb saysiAqqo|
sop 196Ix9,p ue ddIyIPOW IOS 107 e] aNb sed apueWWOIAa! dU a}IWIOD 97
: OL UOepueWuwWo1sy
8€
: 80UENbEsuUOd UF ‘107 e] ap uonnsaxe | Je UO!
Se] JUSUS]|qISUSS }eJa}UaLUBNe soushixe 9}|9} al i if ay Sie ea Lie
Se] J8 Sa\siAqqo| Se] sjue uoneaunuuuon e| J8ABJUS ye} ua yeunod Jo soueJedsueu
e| JUeWeIqISUeS sed yeicioeuwueu juenbiunuwos S| selenbsel 98A1E sauuosiod sap
eyuepl, juenBNAIp sj,nb saysiAqqo| Sep Je6Ix9,p We} a] enb SIAe.p }S8 9]IWO9 27
[Sz:91:8 ‘1eBuie1o ueug] ‘eUIBUOP 29 suep 91jqnd
SUIEWOP Np juos Inb sjueswaublesuas ap jueuwuwesins efap e A ji.nb sioso ar “yey
Nb 89 ins sjuewaUblesuel sep JIUJINOJ SNOA Bp nus} efap isa ‘91e “esideque eun p
lojdus | e a}siAqqoj un ‘a}siAqqo} ap youlged a] ‘e1uBedwoo e| ‘aisiAqqo} 27 [Par ound
SUIELUOP NP HOS uonsenb ue juswaUBblesues 9] enb aiessadeu jse IS Hones ap
uolsenb e] 158,9 ['‘‘] esneo ua 919 SIOJ9}NO} WesNod Inb 89 ['':] uloseq a] sed sion
ua,u af ‘uowe]euuosied [°°] 9}SIAqqo| un,p ejisiA ej n5e1 e nb [:‘‘] sub aselweld
op seAojdwe senbjenb ep wou 9} exjeuuos Z9A8P SNOA IS JIOAeS e juen) ['']
Sesou9 ep eue 29 JOAeS ep oI\Gnd J918juI| SUP sé LS Sed JUSLUIBJA sles ou or
: Jeqep 9} UOSE]
989 ap ounsel e JaHuleig ueug ‘seeHeyed suoluido sep jueleAe SUIOWWd} Seq
[00:/L:S ‘UOSIIAA PJEMOH] *$}9e]U0D Seo SUSANO
Jepie6 ep jejuesse a6nf sinofno} ouop 1e,f ‘ejeuy uoisioep ej Weuesd Inb eujsiulW
ne sajqissod sjiasuod sinayjiaw sa} seauuop Jiloanod 1nod sajqissod seuuosied
ep aiquiou pues6b snjd ne jawed ap ‘ajqissod seinueano,p wnuwixew 9] JIOAe,p
sieAessa,f ‘21}SIUILU UOUW e sieyewsue of anb sjiasuod Se] Suep ENA ep juiod jnes
un nb 1ayuesaid eu ap xnaJabuep Juewewounxe 219 |,nb slewuNsa fr ‘sayjgesuodsei
sow op aimed jiesiey ej99 enb siewyse! je ‘saysiAqqo; sep Jed ej9e]u09
JUSWUWWESUOD SsIE19,f ‘el2I9JeUWO9 enbnijod e| ap unajoas 9] suep jo seJebueno
souleyy xne jusweedioud ‘anbiyqnd uoyjouo} e| e ejelie9 EW 9jNo} essed ler
: QIILUUOHOUO} SWIWO9 aoueuodxe
aidoid es ap juesidsul,s ue uonednosoaid eyed e npuodsi e anbiyje ue 18|8Su09 97
‘senbnljod ep a1eeu ue SeH8)SIUILU SJa\iasuod Sep eoueBiequi, 8 je jueweBnf ne soysnl
sed JUQWaUIeL99 PUa! OU ENA ap jJUIOd 89 SIEJN ‘SUOISI)EP Seuuoq Bp aipuaid Inod snjnoA
sjueweulesues se] Sno} Jiua}go sed eu Weunod (uneje\sibe] no sneplogp 81ne no} no)
SJ}SIUIL 97 “JUEOUIEAUOD 8181Âqqoj UN Jed ine18 US JINPUI We}g BOUe!JUOD 8p Je[I8SU0, UN
IS HeJaAue Inb eo 1epuewuep es sio[e jned UC ‘uO!}e.p sediouud Sa] ins suoissnosip sep
SUI] XNE SOUJS}U! SOINS SP S9}OU SEP jueoBipai senbiyjod sep eysAjeue un,p enb bes
SU |LS OWE ‘9JJSIUILU aj JUaIjIesuCd IND suab sep uoljue}e,| 11ua}q0,p JSe aysÂqqo] un
Jnod abeyuerep asje-jned euoduut inb 89 ‘giduuis dou yesed ebeuur 2}}99 SIEN ‘€ 8JSIUIUU
3] 9018» ajueyep sioy enbseid ejuoouel 6789 11U81q0,P ouJe] e ‘Je neu JASIA
ep se BuiAqqo] np jng ej enb ‘oqnd np ules ne ‘uoissouduui,| We UO.Nb ejques ||
[se:60:Z1 ‘Hoos uuor] ‘soyenbape juessieied ow sajjenjoe SUOI}ISOdSIP Sal
anb sioje ‘Wejsiulumpe neepsey UN yesajueseides UOHe1SIUILIPE| SUEP D ti ee
suonnod snou enb euuosied enbeuo ep wou €| 161E198P 8P eBgo 243 l']
: SaSOU9 SOP UOISIA 2799 E JH9SNOS FJ09S uYyor
Le
[S€:60:Z] ‘uewexns Auo]]
‘snou e jedde juoj sjualjo sou jenbe; 1nod jeloud un ‘uonenyis eun Joye)
ep je JOWIOe} ep joynjd Sie ‘jnod ap uorsenb oun sed OuUOP jsa,U 29 ‘SJanplAIpUI
SOJIEUUONOUOJ SEP JBISSOP UN SUEP Y}IAIOe,P XNeSAIU SJOAID Sa] INS jude |
jueyewW ue sed sudgsebe snou aN ‘sa}siAqqo| sep |IBAR1} 2] Uelq S21} euJe9 [107 eT]
: 107] B| Jed 9SIA Ng Np 2109 e assed UO ‘je}UsWAUIBANOB llaiedde | ap
UI9S Ne Seuuosiod seuley129 INS sinajoefoid se] juenbe1q ue nb IIOJeA pe} 994] 27
[SZ:60:G| ‘Sienue) epur]] ‘euieunu einjeu
e| 159,9 ['''] Seueano one sed eu e je UoeWwioquI] ap JIUINOY sed ou e ‘Jajeddes
snou sed eu e souuosiod sauleyed jI219}ouI 2199 enb esuaed ef ‘2921949281 uo nb
29 & S91I21JU09 EJ © JNO} JUsIeEJeS BSOYO 28} eUNn,p sSeouenbasuos se] enb asued
af ‘(UBANO SNSS9901d UN ]JN8A UG ‘SJUIPI9 SOUIPUE9 jueleine saj|e,nb 291ed sajeddes
snou e JjUelJa]ISOu je Seueano ISsne sed e1j9-jnod jualeies eu salja ‘sjodde
SOU jJU9A10581 Inb seuuosied SBD Bp SWOU Se] SUOIIOA9P Snou Is enb esued ef
: SIEAI@S epul] Jed }199pP
‘SJeNOd JOO UN JIOAe Issne JI21/n0d « SWOU Sep JSUUOP » e JUe]SISUO) enbneld e7
[00:/L:S ‘UOSIIM piemoH] ‘1499191 À e1pnoA ayi09 8] enb esued ef je ‘ajuie19 eun
159,9 ‘Juoweqeqoid ye1pne] 8] eu |INb SuonesisAUo9 Op SUIOW Jeune À I, nb 1101es e
‘esnenjuoouajeu eouenbesuos eun }I21euIeJUe 2/99 ‘SuaneoJjue Sep jUO SJ! IND DaAe
JUBWBJOEXS ]U212/99P SaIIBUUOOUO, Sney Se] SNo} enb yeeBixe uO) Is enb sio19
er ‘seyiqesuodse sine] ap 291918X2] SUeP 2ABIJUS eunone sues SaJNsSU0) 21}
juassind Salleuuonouo] Se] enb jueoduui San 15e |Inb s1019 ap ‘sUdAO}ID sejduuis ap
JUOS Sa1ne,p Je ‘2JH9SUI,S SiOJE JUSAIOP Inb ‘sa}siAqqo| ep WWHe;s |! ‘seo suleyiao sue
‘oyiqesuodsas ine] ap sajsed Ine] JUBA JUSINBA Inb sue/oyouo9 sine] e ajqissod
enb syaAno Issne aJj@ JUSIEJASP epeued Np Se1IBUUOIJOUO, Se] enb nouleAuoo
Jueuweue, sins of ['’’] eBuevap ew nb uonsodoid aun jsa,0 ‘Jueweuyouei4
: ins Inb 29 npuodai e enbiuje Ud 1e] eSU09 27 ‘snuejejue juos 9S
Si! Sajjanbse] 2818 seuuosied Sep suou se] jueuwe/jefs sie ‘818)SIUILW 8j Jueuenes UOU
juanbipul sjinb sasiÂqqo]| sep wesebixe aynosip e UO juop uonisodoid anne auf
SJONPIAIPUI SJ98}U09 Sap UON2I2/99Q ‘’Z
‘uoneBinaip ajqnop ap ewaj}shs
un 19919 1nod aaljipow }oS 107 ej enb sed aepuewwoses au 909
9] ‘UOSIEJ 299 INOg ‘sous1edsue1} e] JUBWWIEJA 19101j9We juezne 1nod sues
UOIJEAJBSGO,p S}N09 Sa] JUBW|qISUaS }IeEJ9}UaWHNe ‘xne 2948 anbiunwwod
ajsiIAqqo] un puenb uolneiejsap aun ale} ap snus} issne juolelos
anbijqnd s61euy9 ap saurenj} say no awa}sAs un aup-e-159,9 ‘uoreBnaip
aiqnop ap owesÂs unp jUuswWassiqe}a,; anb siAep jS9 909 27
: GL uolnepuewwosey
9€
: SUOSIEJ S99 $9}NO} INO ‘SUO|OU98 SJUSJALIP
qUOU 8p JUSAISAUI aul} ned UOIsIOap ajnas
leedde] ap exejduoo neansyoa, suep uoneosewap
Se] AUHSP ep ‘ejqissodun euoA ‘slop yesas I| ‘ouns e| sed pueBau ap
YWOJP UN 8918X8,U INsedns aipeo un.nb sues SN[ou09 919 juaaned jueweuuoIsiAoIdde p
SeyoJeu Syjed ap ‘ejduexe Jey sjuetueuienanoË np ules ne « jauuolsioep 1onnod » al
8PIS9I NO SPNJUS9 98e ap jned inb ‘asjno uy ‘anses np seounossal sa] ins suoisseid
Se] 8 UONEMSSGO] ep Nespie, aj dnooneaq ep juawauleyeo jeJsajUaWBbne 98]0BJU09
(« feuuoisiosp JIOANOd » un jue{e seuuosied saines sep swew no) euuosied enbeuo
Op WOU ej JenBinaip ap uoneBigo | ‘sdue] SUQU UZ ‘eoueledsues} epueIB snjd eun,p We}
Np eHSNpUI 8 No dqnd ne 1991 sBequene un 1euodde.p ajqndeosns ned esas UOneBINAIP
giqnop ep eweJsÂs un,p uojeeio ej anb euunse ao) a] ‘219PISUO9 U8Iq JNO]
8 JUEIIIBARJ} SOJILWO9 no sajqesuodse, xna
oun NO ‘SUJSPOUW |eJUaIaUJSANOG
ep soubl;
‘sabes sap uone]e1diaqui.]
Suep SSJUSIOUU Sinoue Sep Jed senbijdxes —juewwenbey snid eje-jned
je — uelq Issne }no} juele1inod sajuedsip sao siew ‘s}ie} Sep Jayynoweo ep seseqiep
UOHUS}U| 8UN,P 19}NS81 jUsIeINOd suooIpesyUOD sep sued eun ‘je}JUeWOUJeANOH
leiedde] ep ineusyxe] ep jueusaoid xn89 je inelejul| ep jueusnoid suoddei
Sd} O1jU9 SHEDS Se| 18/899p ep WeuoLWIEd |} ‘Sead : ]I219J8A91 ouu9JSAS [8 un nb 99
ep pusdep no ‘eouaiedsuer apues6 snjd sun yeynsei ue [IS Jeynsnf es yeunod inb 29
‘eijsibel a] Suep sueweufbiesus] ep ayjuenb ej ap eLuJoUS JUSWASsiOIONe UN JI219JNS91
ua |Inb Se enuos jueuwunbe jediouud 27 ‘ewiesÂs 19] Un, p eUuooua] e Je INSAE, US
seBeuBlows] sep npuajue e ao) 97 ‘seusifeiue uou 6uiAqqo] ep sy9ejuos sa] 1nof ne
jee S991n0$S XN2p Sep JuPU9AOId syueweuBlesuai Sep uosieiedWos e] ‘juewenbuoeu]
‘enb sa uoneBnaip siqnop ep awajshs unp uneAel ue JueuwnBIe Jnej\jiow 27
“seo Jed seo Sealpnje
JuoueleJau9B jUaIOS UOHEULOjUI| eB seo0ep Sepuelusp sed enb uelq ‘SISH8JSIUILU
sajgesuodsas sep edioied ju0 sajjenbxne suolunei sap ins sjuewuauBlesuel ep syjuenb
iu9jqo jned uC ‘93e ‘nb 984 ‘neij ne juo Inb Ssuolungi sep eJsi| eun ‘aynowed 10]
ap jeloid un,p no jesju09 un,p Jains ne e1esIuILU un e eesseipe souepuods#110, e| 8110}
JIOA e Jepuewuep }einod UO ‘ejduexse Jed ‘UOHEULIOQUI] 2 S299E, INS 107 E| UOHEULOQUI P
ejejuejod sounos eyjne oun |I2J9p ue JOUIWEXE] SUES eguuojusu e UO
[S¢:60:Z1 ‘HOS uYor]
« gSanoedsei suonisod se] ins 181299 SNoU SNOA-ZeANOd ‘019)SIUILI 1JOA
2J98]U09 E WOIS ‘JA nb JIOAES SI0J9 Bf » : SIP ZAANOd SNOA ‘19! JeJeduI09 seoueUl4
sep 219JSIUIW np unnbjenb [7] 1S “S9}WOd se] je sayndep se] inod ynea esou9
awew 27 ‘jeins np einjeu e| OSs ‘gn6naip 81e sed yop eu no }1op Inb 89 juessibos
inb UONEWOJUI,| 2 S2092,P S919J19 SEP SJO/E JUeuuSIMSIUT « AE ep ePejueAep
OAC snou-SuolNOd ‘guuop jefns UN INS JJOA SNOA JUSIA OOS ‘I » : Jepuewsep
inod 218JSIUILU 2| 18J98}U09 18 auoyde|s} 8 e1pueld jueanod seipesw sey anes
| BPUOW | }NO} ‘SeoUeU!4 SEP 9187SIUIU ne uojejueseides aun ose sieye,! is [1
: JUBpUEWUEP IN| Se] US Jueweduis sueuwaubiesuel
ep ejqeepisuoo ejjuenb eun selgjsiullu Sep ueqo yned uo ‘eueu eq
Ge
[GL:OL:SL ‘JOOJpNosg }}09S] ‘yuenesedne nb 1nof pueuB ne snjd dnoonesq 1euuorouo}
e SLISNPUI,| SOU! JOUJeJUIP eoU8JSIX] ‘Se}sIAqqo] Sep JUoWeSIPaIue | INS 107 e|
yed e ‘snou uojas ‘arjqnd ne Se|qiISS299e JUOS SJuouauBIesue] SBD SNO} ‘JUBUSJUIEN]
‘ejaissodui 81e jeune 2/99 ‘sue buis no eenb e A || ‘uonsenb 2729 1ns sesouo ap
SOLOS S9]n0] 18AN01] ZBANOd snoA ‘ined e] JOWAS e juesIA epueBedoid ep dnooneaq
je senbunuelos sjueweuñiesuel ep dnooneeq ‘sessalajul SJuoWueuBiasuel Bp SEOs
so]no] ‘Sojqelj SJUoWOUBISSUSI Ep SeUOoS SeNo} ZaJeANOJ A SNOA ‘Juajuosaidel
se] Inb suonel9osse Sep no Sseleuuonpen Sesidenjue Sep Sa}]IS Sd] ZOJISIA SNOA
IS ‘JUsWENbI\Gnd uonisod 1n8] 21pue/2p juel2A9p Sajje nb ejdui09 npuel juos es Saja
‘dnoo e jno| ‘nanodep ne sesud 93e juo Inb ‘seljeuuonipen sesidenue se] 18nb1119
Jnod JeUJSJUIp JUSNeS 98S sauIpou juewenbnoue syueuwuije-jue SjueIW $S97
: SiNn9J2auIp Sediouud sine] solqnd a1puel e
seuusIueBJo xneJquou SP 2910} JIPAE JeUJ9]}U] JUSWUIWWOD enbijdxe e J00/pnol4 OOS
[OL:OL:SL ‘181901 jeeuain] ‘JElNs 9] 1ns sjueBisauos je S}UBHISAIP BNA ep sjulod
Se] SNO} JOANOJ} je soeuue senbjenb sindep saijipow juewenbnousf sjueuwuije sel
JnS se} 918 JUO Inb suodde1 se] SNO} 18An0O1 ZBANOd SNOA ‘saipouu juewenbneuo
sjuewije xne juaweaniejas assed as Inb 89 J1I0AES Ze/NOA SNOA IS ‘|IPARI] 2J1JOA
JSHO[EA INOd a1Ip JNA 2/89 enb 29 e zesueq ‘ojqnd ne solAJes pueB uN jIUIno}
e[89 ‘en U09e] ap s}jusWaUBIasUss Se, SNO} ZosIUPBIO SNOA IS ‘JeUJeJU] INS Jaye
zeAnod SNOA ‘Sinai NO jueweueAnof ne jegap ap jefqo,] juoy suonsenb sejjenb je
juessaiajul SNOA Inb suonsenb se] 1ns 1onb yp inb J10AES ZaNoA SNOA Is ‘eoau} UZ
: oIqnd ja1ajui, p Suonsenb se] 1ns jeqep 9] 11B1eje ned jeuJeju] uoÿey ajjenb ap Jeujsn||I
Jnod saijijpow juewenbnouof syuetuipe Se] uns Jeq2p np ejduexe] asijijn e WO9'U9JEMIIIH
‘UONPUOJUI| PE Se00ep SOPpUEUOP Se] JO qOeAA Sols sa] ‘ajdwexe Jed ‘sidWuo9
A ‘UoNeUWIOJUI| ap J11U8]qo yned UOJ NO S891Nn0S sasne sesnalquou sep ejduoo sed
Jul] BU 2/99 SIeN “Seasodoid juOS senbnjod sajjanb je seBueu9se juos ssueweufissuel
sjonb lu ‘essed as Inb 90 juewejqeuon sed yes eu oaiqnd 9a enb je sed ywyns
ou 2/99 anb jueuuiye Senbnui9 Sa] “suOISSNOSIp sep jel[qo,| 32 $}JOe}UOCD Sep e || 218]SIUILU
jenb 9eae 1enbipui yop eysiÂqqo| un ‘ajjenjoe eine] YW ‘XneJeuo snid jUusWeUIeLeO
yeues IInb je ‘eynsnf sed jse,u uogeBnaip ejgnop ap eweaysÂs un nb siAe.p Se 9]IWo9
9] slew ‘uonisodoid e| Aap 21jU09U8] © je INBAe} US sJueuunble Sep JO jned UE
[GL:60:/ ‘SiSÂN uosfer] ‘sialuiep S80 981 ]92]U09
no 2JjUOoUu9) 2}n0} JUeAe ‘29 je Sousibeiue jualos saysiÂqqo] se] enb jusinsse,s
Sinb Seseuuonouo] sap Jebixe,p usiq siew ‘uoneBinAIp ajqnop ep euwesAÂs
un 11q2}9,p Sed uoU elas 292912 Snid e] UONN|OS E] SIOJE ‘107 E| E 2JILIOJUO9
e| 19910JU91 E 2JSISUO9 9919991 }]11q | IS ‘Uelpeueo euejuoweued euwiBai np
enjeu e| ap uosies ue anbijesd nod YO} yesas eouebixe ae] oun ‘xXnejuswusuJsANnoË
Sjuejuosoidei xne Bleus apino; aun Jasodwi,p snjd uenb suosued snon
: soUaJedsUeJ} e] Bp ueld a] INS ajuepuodss1109
UOHeJOl|awe SUN 19919 JUSUWISIIBSSO9OU SUES ‘sSaAajo Snid dnooneeq uoljeAesqo p S]n09
sep }IeJeuIeJjUe aweajsAs ja} UN,ND JI0JPA jU0J SUIOWd} XN21QUOU 9p ‘eue 2
ve
[SS:60:S| ‘uO; aueiq] ‘uo
ep SES Se] Juassiiqeys Inb ‘uoyeuuoqui, ju9BI1109 ES rues si ae oe
sueb sep e À |] “SUUOHSUOY BjejUstUsUJEANOB auiyoew el JUSLUWO9 JIOA Ne} ||
“SSIIEUUONSUOJ SneU Ep JUELUIEJA JUaWAJeL JUOS 29 ‘sanbnod sel] Jeouenqui p J9]U9}
inod suonejuesoides ap jalqo, UOJ Inb saueuuonouo] sa] JOSIA e ZeUS} SNoA IS
: SNPIAIPU! Sep Jed enb uonnysul] Jed jusanos
snid Seslid juos suoisisap se] ‘ayeei UF “UudeeWEp ep sub] e] 18921} NO 1eUIWI8)2p
ep JU} BJUSpPIAE Snjd e| ‘enbyeid s1p1o,p seynoysip sep ejuesaid ayooidde 9729
[Gz:91:8 ‘JeyoeUOD HN] ‘suoisisep Sep aipueJd sp JIoANod 9] e inb un nbjenb ep
9AQ|91 /ojduus 389 anb sed euBi| sueiwaid ep ehojdwe,| e nbsnf 1ajje,p suresseoeu
sed }s9,U |! je eue, ej ep ejqissod jse j,nb suofoio snon ‘ved enbjenb eubl e]
18981} INE} || “SIJEULONOUOJ Np [eUUOISI98p JIoANod ne sal] 219 op ['‘‘] uoneBinaip e7
: S9}SIAqqO] Sep 98Ae S}9E]}U09 sine] Jeuuouau ap saBljdo jualeses
SeJIBUUOIJOUO} Syneuy SUIELIS9 JUsWEjNes jenbNp NYA ue ‘uoneBinaIp ejgnop ep sywi
eW9JSÂS UN,P e8pl] juandde sulows} sunaisnid ‘eGueyoes ep uognjos eWIWOD
[OL:21:S ‘UOS|IM\ piemoH] ‘uonnoexe p sjusBe p JIAJeS ap anbijgnd sB1euo ep
S9Ien}} xne sepuewep sed jeje} ou |Inb je sasiÂgqo] xne yequuooul inb uoneBi|qo
eun 29,9 enb ‘uonnoexe p uosenb sun aisle} ua sed jIeJA8p eu uonb suse
e UO éSsousifaiuse snoa-saje ‘saysiÂqgo| snoA-seje : saysiAqqo] xne Jepuewep
ep snus} 91e juolesnep enbyqnd abieyo ep seuiejny} Se Is 11018S ap uonsenb el]
‘pioge.q ‘sjoedse xnap JIe10dW09 a][e 12 SIO} 218lUI8p e] enyeqep sje e uoysenb e7
: aeAnoOU Sed jse,U 99p1,7 “se}SIAqqo; Sep dene SJ9E}U09
sine] Op je}O ouley JUSIeJASP SeWeWu-xne jUsWeUWWEANOH np sush se] ‘}UueWe}s!He1Ua,p
sojjenjoe seoueBixe se ojjno ‘janbnp nea ue uonefinap ejgnop ep swejsAs
un 19919 OP ajliqssod eB] jos ‘anyeqep jusWe|qeispisuod 939 e uonisodoid eun
[00:9L:+L ‘dalueug uYor] « ‘auajgoid awew 8j esod elinued no
aouepuoge je ‘eoueueued US 9}jNSUOD Se] af ‘sonsifei sep se Inb 99 unod [1] »
[60:91:71 ‘e10oN uees]
-« anbixeioue efep se inb enbijgnd uorouo; eou jnod auwuiouse nespiez un [']»
uoreBnAip ajqnop ep ewezsÂs un ‘EL
[GG:9L:G UOSIIAA al
; uojoi aun,nb sed esued eu af siew 107 e| snjd elooue Jeunes
ie Me at oup sed yndA eu ej89 ‘107 2] ep eJuoJel ep weaed} 1u2/89X9
un Je, e JO) 2 ‘G661 ue nb juewejjeuuosieod euyse,! slew pee
ayuenb apueib snid eun,p JN8AE} Us jajuawinoue jned uO “ajnquieeid Np 81819
np JIAIOS 8S WesAap [Lnb je ‘sasinboi SUONEWJOJU!,P ayjuenb e| JUeWa|qeJepIsuod
161e12.p ann ue oejuesoid 219 eunod inb uolisodoid e}n0} eB uonueye alle}
ce
JeJAep BWOD 9a} enb siojo af ‘159,9 xnaiw ‘e ua A |I Snjd ‘Sa]ljn jUOS SUOeWOJU!
se| IS enb Jalapisuoo e oouepua} JUSANOS e uonb sjeysuoo ef ‘onbiyeid el
sueqg ‘1onbinod 3e eBebua gj e Inb saulWue}ep 1nod sejuesiyns sed juos eu e1s1Bai
ne jueinbly suoneuoqui Se] enb uouIs seuuosied ep sajuiejd ep ned sai} SUOA9981
SNON “UOHeWUOJUI,| ap 15e Inb ao 1nod eiqinbe uog zasse un juiepe suoae SNON ['']
: SJUBSIJINS JUOS
soBixe juewajenjoe sJueweuBiesusi se] enb siAe.p Se enbiyje ue Je[lIesuos 27
‘g0uaJedsueJ} E] 8p BNA ap julod np sJueulyed
sed juos ou Inb sajqisues jUeWejelouaWWOD no sjeuuosiod sjuawauBlesuer sap
|SNUSPUOD 8219192129 2] 186aJoid Bp 9]ISSe9eu eB] BP JU2I,SU09 jueuwue[ePe 1S2 90) 27
‘Sa]sIÂqqo| Sap S8JAN9E SEP 21nJeU E] NO enpU#],.] IEUILWI9)9p ap Se Inb 29 1nod ejqe}12A
JnejA Bp no jeJajuip e1enf juefe,u sjueweubiesuei Sep Juno; ap uoneBl|do] }JUesIO
us ewasAs ae] 18BJeuyoins Bp enbsu esous enbjenb eipueidde snou « juaiesinod » sjinb
ooJed sjusweubiesues ep eBeuenep 186Ixz ‘oenbinaip 819 yesmep ‘seAed sajsiAqqo|
Sap S9JIAN9E Sap SsoUsJedSue} S| E 2J1IESSE9U J}IPp JUeWeNe ‘107 e| ap jnoefqo] ap piebei
ne ajueuiuod uorewioquiI]| eines jenbe] uojes ediouud 9} sed eioufiu ao) 27
[00:01:GL ‘x1e19 18384] ‘eied ap enbeuo un
no seulesouoy sep Jnod jua/lleAe1 Inb sejqenquos seune p juo,nb suoneBijgo xne
SJIEIISNOS OS Op a|euuosiod SUNYOJ eun juo Inb xne9 e yesyeued INb suoyeddeuy9e
aun jsa,g ‘xneoloBuep Ses] 1509 enb esued ef siew ‘sejonguoq sep juos
sl.nb no jaloyjo euiejes ep sed jueA10$a1 eu sIInb axxeyeid snos sed juesiBeiue,s
ou Sjue]uosa1dei SINS] Bp SuIeu29 ‘uoruodolid ajjenb suep je eine eun,p no uo5e]
aun,p jJueWeulsAnoË 9a} Jed seoueulIj JUOS SIIS JI21nES UG ‘JUSHIe ANB] JU8IA NO,p
sioje eines uO ‘So1sIfeIus 219 JUSIeJASpP SelwsiueHsO S98O ap sjuejuosaidei seq
: SOPAIOE,P
oBeyueaep JenBinAIp jusiesAep uonesiuefio eunp edwoo 9a 1nod sajsiAqqo) sel
anb jueuwunse sednou6 xnep sao ‘21]u09 Jeg ‘saueles sa]siÂqqo] Se] 18 SII9SU09-Sa)sIAqqo]
se] inod alleje 212 uoneBInAIp e| IS aunayiewW JeJes eouaoedsuen e| enb sIOJeA UOJ
‘QOUEIIIOAINS UD 921909 Jed JuoWe|enuesse saxuesaidaei ‘uonesiueBlo eun,p a]duo9
a} Jnod saysiÂqqo| seq ‘sodnof senne se unod ejseA snjd ase Jeep uoneoiydde.p
dweyo ej enb siew ‘sejuesiyqns juos uoneBinaAip ep sseanew ue sajhe1 seidoid
sine] anb 1818pISU09 juejques sajsiAqqo| ep seloBajeo silo} Se] ‘JUESS9J9JUI eS
"JUQLUBJOEX9 19]SISUO) JI2JA9P 8/8 1onb ua 29 INS
aJanf Jepueajue s eu UO SIEN ‘eou81edsUeJ]} 21ne|jIeW BUN,p J81)1Jeu9q JeJinod SWea]SAS 9]
enb uoluido,| awiudxe ju0 Xne e1ju9,p 21quou uoq UN ‘SI0J8]N0] ‘XneJueWepuo] sediouud
xne yoddei sed eiqinbe uoq un juayuesaidei je Sayenbepe juos uoneBnaIp ap aueiew
Ua 107 e| ep saljenjoe seouebixe se] enb jueJepisuos suIoWe] sep yednid e7
ADNAYVdSNVAL LA NOILVO INAIQ
€ 141IdVH9
CE
‘J0fns 99 e uolje21JIpouu eunane spUeLILUOIGI au |! 79 eudoidde 159 107 e|
suep nA91d juaWi9/j8n19 SUONQUES ap euw6e1 a] anb 919pISUO9 9}IWOD 97
: pL uolepuewWwosay
: SUOSIEJ S80 $9I]NO} INOg
“aueloipnf jlasedde, ap je suneunooid sep « SUIBLU Se] 1811 » 8P anbsii SUONOUES Se] 2Jo1S
LE
Snid uoÿe, ap JIUJep ap eAnejue] 9}NO} enb ajqissod sau} }Se || ‘SUOIJoueS Se] JUeYONO}
suonsodsip sep uoneojdde, jueinojxue epnyyeoul] 4261 ep enb joynd sequeoexe.p
oBeyuenep onbsu ‘sejqejques sen ele jueanod ‘enbrjeid ej; suep ‘nb suoroeyul
Se] UOJ9S SOJUSJOJJIp SUONOUES Sep eilosaid ep je} 97 ‘Jueweyeped juayinboe,s
suslpeue) xneunqlu] Se] JUOP eu9e] ‘seo Jed sed ne J18p2901d }0}njd }neJ |! ‘Wesjsqe, suep
JOUILUI8}8p 8s yned Inb esoyo enbjenb sed se,u eeuuop UO! yu! eun,p ayAeuf e7
‘UON9EJJUI | BP Sunjeu e] e juepuods21109 ‘e196e] Sal] uojoues
eun — Jesodui yned jeunqu} 9] no — Jepuewep jned je}5,| ‘segyod juos suoljesnooe
sep IS ‘oseloipnf jiasedde| e no 107 e| ep uoneosydde] ap saabieyo sejuoyne xne
SIN0981 JIOAC,P SIIESSBD9U IOS |I,Nb Sues ‘a}]nNop Sues eJIJNs JUSWI}SIHBaJUa,| EP 1N2)281IP
np enbiuosjoeje 18111n09 uN no enbiuoydaja] jadde ajdwis un ‘eoueyeApeul eun,p }e}nsa1
9] ]S9 UOISSIWO, ‘eduexe Jed ‘IS ‘auleye| BP SBOUe}SUODIIO Se] S98}]NO} ap nue} »2]du09
‘pL gjoiue| sed saywoseid sojiwul| Se; Suep esodui,s inb ouled e| ap uoneulue)ep el]
SUEP SJIEUUONSJOSIP WIOANOd pues6H uN,p ynof jeunqu aj] ‘UOIeULUePUOD BUN jUAaI}GO Je},
IS LAN ‘S8OURJSUODJIO Se] UOJ9S ‘auAINsunod sed eu ap Jeplosp yned J2]1, : SUOESN99e
sep juewenbnewoyne sed eulejueu 107 e| E JAWIOJUDD 9S ap jnejap a] ‘aujNo
Uy “S8|eWIUILU UOU je SeJELUIXEW SUONOUES SAP }I0A91d UONISOdSIPp 2}}99 “Joyo UF “dlJ!POUW
019 JUBWAIIESS9N9U SAIOP | ajoiue, enb uns sed jSe,u |! ‘JUepUedaD ‘uewensiBaiue p
inejap aj enb sanei6H issne saduenbesuod sep sed eu ejn sde] ue uonellISoi ap
UOISSILUO,| aNb ediouud UD JUSIAUOD ByIWOD 9] ‘Ney snid saenbipul Suosies Sa] 1n04
[02:60 :zL ‘HOIS uuorl] d1IGnd jeiequi, e s91pnfeid
unone esne9 eu juoWeausiIBaiuesep ep jnejep e| ‘IO ‘esnedWol] uoleejosp
aun no jJUoUW91JSIPeIU8 p UoIssIWo] inod enb swew ej js juoweusiBaluesap
9P UOISSIWO JNOd eninoouse uoroues e BNb jse jefns 89 e 2]219U09 SOUeBIOP SION
: UONEI|ISSI
ep jnejap nenb juoweysifalusp jnejap ne uaiq issne no] juenbddes yp], some
e sanagid suoljoues se] enb ye} 3] epnjeinbur 981e Ssubijnos ju0 SUIoWS] SUIeEWaD
‘$ 000 00!
ep sjewixew spuswe aun e je sue xnep ep jewiIxewW jJueweuuosidue un e nel
Jauuop jned uolesh99e us asiw Jed uoleuwepuod auf" ‘$ 000 SZ ep ajewixew apueue
oun } SIOW XIS Bp JUBWU9UUOSIIdW9,p ajewUIXelWW epouod aun e Nal] ISUUOP ned suleWWOS
sinpsoojd Jed eynsinod e7 (anbijddes eu eu eunone seo jenbne) uonesno9e
ua osiu Jed no (sue xnep ap dsj] eUNnp SAJeSe1 SNoS) aJllewuwos ainps9oid Jed
16e yned 3813] ‘eydeiBesed 1eluiep 89 ep nusA ua ‘sineduon no xne} syueweuBissuel
sep «JUSUILEI9S » euuop enbuoosinb eulsouoo (7), eudesfeied 27 ‘soueysenpeul
eduuIS eun,p }e]NS91 9] JS@ JOWIOJUOD OS Ep jnejap e] IS ewew enbiddes uonisodsip
°}99 $000SZ ep ejewIxXeU opuswe eun ‘eJleWUWOoS einpesoid ued eyjiqedino
9p uolje18[99p uns ‘IINOOU9,P e[qde9sns ]S9 107 e| ep uonIsodsip aun e JU8IA9JJUON
onbuoonb ‘(})ÿL eydeifesed np nyeA ue :suonoues xnep jiongid 107 e7
suoloues ‘9
O€
‘10
eB] UoWe|[enpe abixa,; ewwos sajueysixe suoneie|29p xne Line
no} Sinof QE ep iejap un suep Janbiunwwos ap snus} 912,p 19nuruo9
JUSAIOP SajsiÂqqoj se] anb sunsa 9HLUOT 9 ‘SJU9I[9 say jueu1a2u09
Sjuoweuissusi sap inof e anus} 2] op soueyoduil,| auUOP }Ue}A ‘107 el]
9p sowuddns 919 jlesAap uoneisa1 ap lejap ne juowsajols jueu1odde as
Sinof 0£ ep eponed ej ajnas enb auijse 9}WO9 8} ‘opn}i199 ap snid 1n04
: CL uonepuewwossy
“ajqejea
}S9 SJUBINOD S}USI]D Bp 9}SI] eS Is a}SIAqqo] Np saidne 191194 e BBesnooua
Bias un9euy9 “juanbssuod sed ‘inanbia ua snjd aja-jnad yuos ou sjualjo
S98] 99AP SUOIJE|91 SOUIPJI99 ‘SIOW XIS Sa] Sno} suondnu9sui Suna] 4nof
e 91}}o WU Ap Snus} jue}9 Sa}SIAqqo] sa] ‘anb j9y9 1 e ‘saxsiÂqqo] Sap a1s16ou
np Gd S}IS 9] INS 99U9pIA9 Ud uaiq 2181n61 Inb opie6 ua asiw sun abipa
yuoWsj}sibaiua,| ap inaj9o1ip a] anb juawajeG6a spuewuwo9si a}IWOD 97
: Zp uonepuewwosey
: eouanbasuo) UF ‘siowW xis e nbsnf sayje jueanod sepoued sap
juepusd sajsiAqqo| sep a1sifei ne 191n614 ap xuoJenunuo9 SUOI}dOSU! Sep NO suoren]Is
sap 19919 ap juewejqgeqoid enbsi ejao enb ‘siojajno} ‘JUSIOSUO9 JS8 s}WOD 27
‘1U9S91d jUa9Wi9/[9n98
sinof 0£ ep iejap 2j Suep uoNdiuosu! une] J191IS91 ap uolssiwo 1nod
107] e| sed sonasid suonoues sap jelqo,| aslej ap essad ji.nb uye says/Aqqo]
sap aibojojuoap ap apo aj suep joynjd euu9sui; ap je (ÿ)s eudeiBesed
ne naeid juawayjenjoe Sinofg£ ap uoeljisos ap lejap 9j 107 EI ap
194191 9P PeIPUdIAUOD |! ‘SAnajjie sed ‘slow XIS S9] SNO} Jnof e uondii5sul
Ing] 91}}jouu ap snus} jueloS Sa}s1Âqqo} Sa] Sno} anb spuewuio0991 a}IWIOD 8]
“nof e yios saysiAqqoj sep a.j}sifei 9j suep jueinBy uoINeWojul,| onb 1no4
: LL uonepuewwmosey
‘« Sa1sIÂqqo]| Sep SE}IAIOe
sep aunjeu e] ins jueueuBlesuei unone eBueuo ne jueleipied eu SaIBuUOIJoUuO, syneu se]
Je saejuoweoped se] » ‘DOI 2 ANOU09 ‘« sjow S8JnEe,p Ud » ‘eu9JEW9p E] ap suosiel
sa] enb isule ‘ayoJewsp eun jUO} S|! ajenbe] ap wou ne uonesiueBlo] ap no auuosied
e| op sjuap!,| JUENBINAIP SISIUISP Sed anb ebixe saysiÂqqo| sep elBojojuosp ep 2p0o9
a] enb auBbljnos 9941 27 “Uy Sud JUSWSAIOEIJo E SUANoe | IS apn}le9 9818 ER AE
Jnod sdwia} ep snjd ned un juseleine sajsiÂqqo| Se] ‘sino[ QE Sep eus eouebixe,
juewuddns uy ‘jJuenouel se] Je ul Jueypeul À ‘ue un 981 SUONE|S1 Sep JUanou
nb sjesuo9-ses1Âqqo| Sep ene.) ep Sepoujeul SEP ejduoo juel} jueWueBueus 89
6c
‘107 B] Bp jUe|NODEpP SajsiAqqo/ sap aiBojozuoap ap apog
e| suep « anbiyeud ainayjiaw » NO 291H}981Ip SUBI] @UUWOD 8119SUI 2p Je juawoBebue
un,p ul) ej seude sunofge Se] suep juousiBeluesep as _ sjlasuoo-sa}siAqqo|
Sa] enb juenoA eouefixe aljanjoe| 107 e| Suep Jewddns ep ajqissod jleJes ||
: (p)s ayudesHesed
ne naeid sunof og ep lejap Un SUep uonellISai e| ep uoreoidde] Jounsse,p ueAOW eine
un jue1966ns aule}Uswa|ddns a11ouweuwu un ao np 181816 ne siunos e (9941) epeuen
np sejejueuweuisanof suone|ei ep jnysuj,| ‘9JLOD Np Seouelpne sep uly e| V
‘snid ajuosaidel au no ajuoseidel || INb ajsiÂqqo] ne 18puewep e
Jeihoiyed 8] juenboasuos Jed JUeIAU! }9 Sejensop a4}e-]NEd JUOS SjUeI|) ap S9JSI| SOUIEUE1
enb juenbipul esebipes juewesnainipnf epief ue esiu aun ensiBei np qeA…A eus 9] ins
JOUOIJJE E B}SISUOD ‘Joue a1ns snjd ‘uondo awalxnap e7 ‘21SIFe1 a] suep jueinfl} Sjuelo
S98] SNO} a1oou9 ajuosaidai |IS a}sIAqqo] ne Jepuewep enbiqand eBieus ep een} el
JueUS/dUuIS JNO} Jassie] © 2]SISUO9 JelWeid 8] : JUdIIO 2] 281 UONEJ91 e] BP no juswWeHebue
un,p uly eB} Saide 21siBe1 9] ins sinofno] jUeINBY Sue) Sep s}}UEp!,| Bp 181Nn0922p jueAnod
UOISNJUO9 e| JI9112/99,Pp SeIduuiS jUSWAAI}eEje1 SUeAOLU Xnep e21}n0 UA 8JSIXa ||
‘Senpuajap e |Inb sasneo sep enb isule ‘ajuepesaid eauue,| ap Sino9 ne sajuesaidel
e aJsiÂqqo]| 3} enb Sjueallo Sep sisi] SUN JIOAE,P en J8AnNO1 yeunod enbijand ebueyo
ap sulejnjn a] enb auip eweuwu 1jned UG ‘oijqnd jeJajU!,| e BSINU e/89 enb jueple sed Jseu ||
SIELW ‘UOISNJUOD E] Bp JeUIEJJUE JUSANSd UONeIIIS9I E] SUEP Spieje1 Se] nb 1eJA 3e ||
‘SE9 9] JUOW9SI991d 159,9 ye} US ‘e1sIBe a] Suep JueINBY
SJUaIo Sa] ajuosaidai aysIAqqo| 9] anb 811019 ep ejqeuuosiei Sal} We} UD JI2JS || “S}USI|O
Sas je a}siAqqo] a] ins eBejuenep J1o1es Ud 1nod ensiBei 9] 2]NsUu09 ‘awoquI XNBIWW 2139
e jueua} ‘anbijqnd e61eu9 ep aulejny} a] IS UOISNJUOCD JIOAe À p enbsu || “anbigqnd s61euo
ap eJlen}} asjne un,p no 9sjndep un,p Saidne seyosewep sep pe} || puenb UorneuIoqUI p
aiuah 3890 ajaAdJ |I,Nb ejgeqoid ned se} Se || IO ‘Y}Ueseidel Bp assed e ajsiAqqo|
a] Inb uaIq slew ‘JUsLULUeINOD ajuesaidai aysiAqqo] UN Inb JIOAeS Bp jue} sed jusjeinbuis
ou sejndep sa : uolsenb e| JuaWIeJA sed So, u e] slew ‘(SazsiAqqo; sap elBojoxuoap
8p 8POD np nyeA ud ale} 9] BP nus} JSe aysiIAqqo] 8] ‘We} US) JUaIIO UOS JeWWWOU
ep aiqiydeosns esas ajndap un juassaid Inb aysiAqqo; un,nb jewipe syiwoy 27
[Ss:60:Z| ‘woos uuor] ‘eysibeu
| 187NnSu09 e zaXe SNOA enb nalj ne ‘sesoyo Se] JEP|IOe} SNOA ep Ue ‘Je1JUOUEI
SNOA Jn8A |! UOSIe ajjanb 1nod esenbipu! ajjedde snoA enbuooinb snb euifeu f [°°]
: OOS UUOF Bp UONDeSI E] I9I0A ‘SOJI21]U09 ej E JNO} SJ9J9JUI SEP
juefe jueljo un eje-Jned ayuesaidei |Inb sioje ‘ueweBeBue un p uly ej seide sdwusfuol
21098 jUeIjo UN ajuesaidai |Inb uoisseidiui essnez ej ieuuop Je ‘ue un e nbsnf snsiBas
un JNS 19]S01 ‘I0J euuoq 9}NO} ue ‘eunod aJsiÂqqo] un ‘sjuowuensifaius sep ajjenuue
Jnof e asiw aun efixe uo) Is : pie6s 129 e ajwo) np epnainbui]| swiudxe e siquiew
un SIeW ‘SUIOWS) Se] Jed jUeWejquiOnE, Sel} allen29e aja e uonseBôns 2799
8c
[SL:60:21 ‘ueweyns Auo 1] ‘ue sed sioy aun uonduosui
qqo| ep sedf} sion se] anb se uoyepuewuiwooa! eljou
4e Snid ep asouo-pues6 sed euodde.u ajjeuuonippe
S ep 82edSe, ue jueBueuo sesouo ap nad JU] |
ne] 1nof e suyew e jure SO]SIA
‘uanbesuod Je4 ‘oijgnd Je1ojul
soussedsued} 91399 enb siow XI
: € IINUI Je1SIUILUpE
neepsej UN » JIOA A US) UN “slow xIs se sno} Jnof @ asi aun yuo} uonesiueBo aun,p
ajduos 9] 1nod saysi{gqo] sa} enb SIOJE UB] SIO} BUN juawsesiBaius 1ne] 1nof e aie
JUSAIOP Sgleles sejsiAqqoj se] ‘ejjenoe auneu ÿ ésuojesejoep se] Jnof e euyjew |I-Jeupne]
souenbeu, ajjanb e 11o1es ep uonsenb e| e sed sinofno} puodei eu eeo ‘sioyeynol
"N|NOA Sdwe} ua
oUIS9U09 Se] INb uonewioqui, 1nof e ere ap iajaddes inaj inod sinof 0£
sujow ne,.p SiAegid un sy19sui Sa] Sno} e [eu1no9 sed oloaus saj}siAqqo}
sep juaweljsibeiua, ep inajoa1p 2] enb apuewwosai aywoy 97
: 0} uonepuewuwossy
: BQUSNDESUOD UF ‘SNINOA SJe}Ns91 Se] 8]NOP Sues JIEISUUOP Je a|Gesi|eaJ
}SB UONN|OS 9}}99 ‘1N9J9811P 98] UOjSS ‘eujsiHbei a] suep UOHeWIOJUI,| 1nof e jueyeuwu sIinb
Jnod jeddes un syyosui xne aloaue juewensifeiue| ep inejoeup a] enb esas uosenb
e| 19/691 op uoÿe, ainajjiouu ej enb nusAuod JUO SUIOWI8] Seq ‘eANeJSIUIUpE uosanb
eduuiS SUN SWLUOD #919pPISUO jQO}N|d 158 9l|S ‘107 Ej Bp UNE] UN }UEJ, @WWOD }n0}
np endied sed sioyeno] jse,u uonens e7 ‘a6ijGeu sioued 15e yoedse 390 anb euos elje]
ap 21SI6a1 3] SUEp enu»#}u0, UOHeWOJUI,| ap 1nof e asiw e] inod 8p1099e sunol OE ap lejap
UNOS 9] Je}O9dSeJ ap aYIOIWJIP 1S9 [IND ajquiasua| SUeP JUSUUSIAUOI SUIOWS] S97
[00:01:21
‘ueweyns Âuoj] ‘SAME ejeo sejenbse] unod suosies sep eun] 52,9 ‘eujsibeu
a| ins juowejduuis 1epie6 9] ap ajdwis snjd dnooneeq jse || ‘JUSLUSAIENSIUILUPE
‘JO aynsus euuenel je sdue) enbjonb juepued essiesedsip sind ‘S9}lAN9E,p uOsIo}
aun ye yualjo Un, nb Issne SALUE |] 211qN0 uO sioued ‘epenosnoq e| suep ‘enb }S9 Je}
a] slew ‘ejaissod anb juewepides issne Je1s1Beiuesep snou ep suofesse snou [''']
: enbijdxe uioWS} UN éj-npoid es ej89 1onbinod sIeW
[51:60:51 ‘SIeN89 Bpury] “uly SUd WeAe UOHeIei E] enb sdue] uleyeo un efap yiene A
I,S QWOW SUSI] SINS] OP JS] E] INS epeued 184 S/NJOU! B JUSIENURUOS jueAesedne
seeuue sinaisnjd seeuonequie suoiAe snou enb seuuosied seuleyed enb
‘sduue} ua sdue] ap sie} a] af awiwiod ‘e1ysiBet el jueunoosed ue enbsewss ie! [°']
: oN sde}
ue aajnoexe sunofno} sed je1es eu uonellisgi El ‘sinol og sep el6ai ej 216IEN
-uone1IS21 ap suonebiyqo sawew XNE siyefnsse jualos saysiAqqo] se]
sno} anb apuewuwosad aUWOD 8j ‘a}WOJUN,P 38 9}91Iduuis ap 19n0S Jed
: 6 UOHepUeWIWODaY
Le
: eouanbesuo)
UT ‘IBJA Sinofno] sed JS U 29 SIeEW ‘O9UIWISJOpUI BEeINP OUN JIOAEP sajqijdeosns
snid 21e-Jned juos sajsi{qqo]| ep ednoif ewaixnap 29 ep sjuouueBebue se7 ‘oousbixe
980 ep eouosqe] enbijdxe,u ajsejiuew enbjod uosies eunonenb uaiq ‘sinof 0£
ep nog ne uondiosuI 1n8] J8IIIS21 ap Snue]} sed juoS eu ‘esiidajue eun no uoresiueBio
aun Jnod jua|lI2AeJ] SIInb ‘sajsiAqqo] seine seq ‘ae}IWI| 291np eun,p Sualjnoped sjefoid ep
9JPE9 a] Suep SJUaIo Sap 1ajuesaidel ap Sejgdeosns snjd juos sJinb e91ed jueweuwunseid
‘SjISU09-saysiÂqqo| xne juewenbiun enbiddes je 107 e| ep (ÿ)s eydesHesed
ne enasid jSe sunolg¢ Sep uonpuoo e7 ‘jueweBeBus] ep ul ej zueans INb sinof OE
SO] SUBP UOIJGUOSUI INS] 181]IS91 JUSAIOP Je e[qe/sIPaiue S}ANOe eun.p jngep e] seide sinof
XID Se] SUeP Je1sIBeiue s ep SNUd} JUOS S|lBSUOd-sa}sIAqqo] SQ ‘ajjanjoe e1neu y
[Ot:OL:SL
‘00/pnol4 109$] ‘aile, a] ep juoIAH|Hau suleyao jueweune 189 [***] jueweusifaiue
Ing] JIOAe1 ep saysiAqqo; xne esodoid uo} enb sap! euuoq aun jsao ['']
[O€:91L:G ‘UOSIIM piemo] YebesiAus e asoyo eun 158,9 ‘ue Jed sio} aun
NO SIOW XIS Sa] SNO} ‘enbiuo11989 SIOA Jed aie, 2] SUoLINod SNON ‘syuewesIfaius
sing] JajnuUe,p aoueyeApeul Jed jue61feu sue se] ‘sioued enb suoje}suod SNON
suone12199p sap inofe asi ‘SG
‘auloyeddeydea-ijue ajes9uab uoljisodsip aun 107 e|
e zuenofe Ud jequowepuoz adiound 99 INS JB}SISUI,P 2pUEWILUO991 9}IWOD
27 ‘107 e] Bp 24}}9] e] op 19ods91 ajdwis 9j anb abeyueAep abixo 2199 onbsio]
owgu ‘Ji1dSe UOS ap }OedSa/ np neaAIU ne 10} BUUOg aw21}X, BUN SJAPSUI
sap o6ixe ajja ‘yiez #9 ap ‘anb je s1qnd je19ju1,] Inod souexiodui spueif
oun 9491 Sa}SIAqqo] Sap juowersifaius,] INS 107 eB] onb swiss d9}IWOD 97
: g uolepueWuO95 y
: SUOSIE1 S89 INO, ‘Sinofnsse
juos A inb xneo ep yed ej ap 10 euuoq ep ewaidns a15ep un jueBixe ‘siunas ‘saysiAqqol
SOP 2p09 2] }9 107 27 107 E] AP 21}e] E] BP BOUeAIASGO ajduis eun,nb ebejUeAep sbixe
SaJsIAqqo]| Sep juawWajsibesua,| INS 107 e] enb euwunse s}IWOD 8] ‘SUIOWUEEN ‘SasiÂqqo|
sep elfojojuosp ep epo)a nenb jueweunsifelus p eieneuu Us Suolpuoo xne jue}
10} aUUOq BP JUSUIJOJUO) as ‘ainsouwu she] Seu} AUN suep ‘saysiAqqo] Se] anb a1njouo9 ap
juoyouiod sebeubiows} sa] ‘snjd aq ‘sej}ueulped sioj xne nb isule ‘saysiAqqo] sep 8po9
np judsa| e ISSne slew 21} | C JUBWB|NIS UOU JUSUWISIAIUE JUBWOJUOD BS SJBIUIAP S99
anb abixe saysiAqqo| sep aiHojojuoaep ep epo9 e] anb jusl9su09 uaiq }SO 9}IWOD 87
‘091sIfaius
912, p onus} sed }JSoU ‘107 e| OP SeJOUJS uoleJaidJej}UI GUN UOojes ‘S}IANOe| puenb
eUIgU jUoWI9JNSIBaIUS,p 2121eu US esuepnid ap saoxe Jed Jey9ad e souepuse] SWAEW e Je
107 ej ep uoreordde] suep inen6u epues6 oun.p aAneaid je} ‘ejetous6 uoÿe, ep ‘HulAqqo|
9€
np nel 8] ‘snpuejus sebeublowe} Se] UOJSS “‘swWa}shs np 9syHajul| Ua oNGnd np
SOUBIJUOD E] JOAIBSUOD INO sjOSU! Sep ued E| 8p 10} SuUOg Sp LUNWIxXewW UN ne} || “eAud
1n8)eS Np sajsiAqqoy Se] je JUsWaUJaANOB 9] SAUS Suole[e1 Sep aJ1BejuI] je SinwSeANO |
Jjuelef ep jSe sasiÂqqo| sap JueWeysIPeiue] INS 107 e| ep euun ing 27
jueueusifaiue | 18soduui peinod [EUNI} 8j “Sed 181UI8p 29 SUB ‘107 E] JOUINO}JUOD 1nod
jueue[duis no xnel9181uuI09 sJouu SS|QEIUSA ap INS 29pUO} }IE]9 |IPAB] Np uoryedel
B] IS ISUIUIS]SP ep jeuNnqu} un e Jexyeued asloyeddeyoe-ijue uonsodsip eun ‘001
‘d OZ ep Ines 9] euBieye.u xne anus p unone.nb uye seysiAqqo| sunaisnjd eujue (enbijqnd
ebieyo ep Sesen]} Se 2818 UOHeolUNWWOD e|) je} enb jue}, ua BuiAqqo| ap seyiAjoe
Se] juewenbibsjens juessiuedei ue juewensifaiue] ieuinouoo Jelnod Sa]SIAqqO]| SISAIP
juefojdus esiderzue sun no sjssuoo-saysi{qqo] ap esudenue eun ‘ejduuexe Jed
Juouo1sIBaiue |
Jasodtu! yelnod jeunquy 8| ‘seo JeIUISP 29 sueq ‘107 e| JeUInojuo9 1nod juewe|duuis
NO XNBIDIOWLUOD SJJOW Se[qe1I8A BP INS 28pUO} }I2J9 [PAR NP UonILede] e] IS JAUILUE]Ep
ep JeUNqH} UN e jesyouod asoyeddeuse-que uoniIsodsip BUA ‘% OZ ep |Ines 9] euBieye.u
xne ajue,p unonenb uye saysiÂqqo| sunaisnjd aque (enbiyqnd eBieuo ep seuen}
SQ] 9818 UOH}eEdIUNLWWOD ej) 8} enb jue} ue BuÂqqo| ep sayanoe se] juewenbiBeyeuys
Juessiuedei ue jueowensifaiue] J1euinojuoo yeunod sajsiAqqo; sienaip juefojduse
osidenue BUN no s|lasUuod-sajsiAqqo] ep esudenus eun ‘ajduexe Je4 ‘11dse] 18198ds81
Ue JUBLUIEJA SUES ‘107 eB] BP eue] e] JeJ9odsei jned uonb jualAUO9 eo) 27
[0G:SL:pL ‘elueu9 uuor] ‘NUaAa/
aj INS JoduuI] ap 107 ej ep senbojeue suoysodsip sep e juetueje6s euwojU09 Je19s
ee ‘saysiÂqqo| sep epod np }1dSe] issne sieui ‘ip e| JUeWueNes UOU Je}Oedsel
JUSAIOP sJeluep Sed jenbe] uojes seys/Âqqo} sep e1Bojozuosp Ep epOD np uol!sodsip
e| °0Ae JI2Je1pe9 289 ‘sasiojeddeyos sap 19]J01d ep sue sej JeyoedWwe e eeulsep
ajeseuef uomsodsip aun Jeqo|bue jualesAap enbiuje,| ep je ewusiÂqqo] np se|fei seq
: Jelu9y9 uuor enbijdxe | eWLUO0T
‘souloyeddeyoe sep Je1jo1d ep sue se] Jayogdiua e JUESIA gjeisue6 uonisodsip eun
juenjoul ua 107 e| ep uoHeojdde) Jeo|jewe,p ejqISSOd jeJes |! ‘UIOWS} UN UOJSS
auoyeddeyse-juy “Pp
39R]U09 Np sAHeiul,| SUd e Inb anbijgqnd abseyo
op aulejnyy 9] 359,9 anbsioj ewigui SJIHSULS € sa}siAqqo] Se] 19910} e
aigiuew ap 2601qe HOS 107 E] ap (o(z)p eouye,| enb epuewuwosei 9y09 87
: uOHepueWULUO13 y
: uenjuIeuu UOS jueynsnf enuuos 8|qeIEA UOSIEI Bp
BUD JelLueid np SANENU | sud e inb enbignd eBieuo
sed eu ep asAqqo] un e jeuued janbe| ‘(o(z)t eeure]
f yueanod npuajue Ua Eu 90) 97
gouesge,| ue ‘aouenbesuos UZ ‘1
ep ae} a] 159,9 puenb sJOSU!S
18919 ejques enb « eyoqiq» Ej 181sn
Gc
[Sh:SL:pL ‘Inenuon ayezns] ‘ooueBixe 91390 op esuedsip Se] 107 e| ap Zp joe,
‘ojjenjoe eine, Yÿ “ewsiAqqo| np alle} e }192 Jed s}IAU! Sa] 2JIBUUOOUO} Un nbs10]
QWAW J91SIBalue,s Bp snue] a1je JUSIeIAEP Sa}siAqqo| se] ‘ejduexe 124 “xNeJEpey
sousIueB10 19 S8/9]SIUIW Sep saidne euwsIAqqo| Bp SHOWS sine] 191S1BaIue,p Snue]
juos saJeunweai saysiÂqqol] se] jenbnp nyeA ue janjoe awa}sAs 9] 19101[9UE PeIpNe} ||
: SUBS 99 US SeHeEUBIOWS} sene.p npuejus e S}ILWOD 97
[G£:9L ‘eouellenns us
enesoow9q] ‘BulAqgo| np seylej SNOA enb Jasejoap ap je JoujsiGbeiua SNOA ap uioseq
sed ZeAB,U SNOA ‘88Â0AUS }S9 UOEWIIUOD 2729 enb seq ‘«2}199 UOI}EWIJUOD
aun 1OW-ZeAOAUA ‘J81]UO9U81 SNOU SUO]|e Snou je ajjodde snoaA ef ‘le ne ‘INC » : Sup
ep Jyns |! 101sIfelus,s ap uoHebgo,| jUeWe]I98} S21} JOUINOJUOD 1NOd JIAJOS U9,S
juaieinod sue sap uaig ['‘'] 181nsIfaius snoA ep uloseq sed zeAe,u SNOA je jne}
SNOA |I,Nb 29 1n0} 159,9 — ajsisse |! ajjenbe] e enbuoojenb uoiunei eun,p uonewijUuo9
1081 enbuoono ['''] 1e1sIBaius SNOA ep nue] sed saja,u SNOA ‘Jejuoousl SNOA
INGA Inb eueuuonouoy un ‘un.nbjenb ep aos epueuwep aun z218981 SNOA Is ['']
: COUEIJIISAINS
Us aljeIOOWEG ep ejoted-ouod 9] enbijdxe e] ewWo) ‘107 Be] e Jaddeyoe e uoÿe]
ap allojdxe 110$ eeuije 129 enb eyjiaqissod e] epnjainbul 284 9}e}SUOD e S}WOD 8] je 21129
sed ]Sa.U 107 e| 2p sejeieue6 suonipuo) xne uondiuexe 9}}80 ep 21J2,p UosIei 27
‘€ 1199 Jed no JUsWA|eJO ‘SUONeAIASGO NO SIAE,P ‘2]199 SPUeWAP es e
oJoaJip esuodai ue ‘anbijqnd ebieyo eun.p sulejnyy Un e uonejuesald » eun,p Sed 9] SUeP
sed enbijddes eu 107 e ‘(2(Z)y eauile] UoJeS ‘107 e] SUeP saxueyodiui « seu9e1q » sep
SWILWWOD JUBIEJBPISUOD SIINb 29 18209 Bp BpUeWWODSJ JUO SUIOWS] SineIsn|d
S9u991q Sa] 19JELU09 ‘©
‘BuiAqqol] ap Sa}AN9e Sap juowo1sIFaius,]
op piefs] e «eaneyjenb» ojip sayoiewap aun Jajdope nod
991JIPOUW }IOS 107 ej anb sed apueWWODSI ou ao) 9} ‘uonisodoid 97399
axussaid onb soejqeispisuoa sjonjdosuos sowejqoid sap nua} a}dwoy
: 9 uonepueuiuio99y
: eouonbasuos UA ‘Je (« eAneyenb » ayosewWep) seuuop
BulAqqo| sp subedweo eunp eanejei soueuoduui | ju812199p sji.nb saysiAqqo] sep sebixe
Jnod 107 e| Jayipow ap ajqesie} eWWO9 sed 218pISUO9 eu |! ‘UuowWensIBalus p SajHel se]
JIOA89U09 Op UOde} 999 E SjJUSIBYU! epnieoul] Jed edn99091d jueJ9 BYIWOD 97
&UOIJEIE|98P
aun Jaynsnf inod « jueyoduw! » juewuwesiyns sed yejo,u j9efq0] enb ‘lo euuoq ap siew
YO} e ‘njouod JIOAe 1nod Sayinsinod ap jalgo,| auley |I-jned ju9SU1,7 ~H6uiAqqo) ap sualjnomed
pa
SHAME OUN,P SOUSPIOU!,| NO SoUELIOdUI | JeUILA}Ep Op ulje JUSI|O Np jleAes} ap SJUSUWIN90P
SeJne NO Sal[s}UEPYUOS sous ap sejou sap uononpoid el JeUUOpP1O p nue} |I-J1219S
juoWo1SIBeius | ep 1nejoeup 27 éJanbijdde se] juewuwo) sjualo el Jnod « jueoduui » sed
}S8,U NO }Se Inb 89 Jeuiuejep e Jepie jueAnod SOOUJOSIIP seub sep 1910qE/9,p ajqissod
OUQUI |I-}S4 éJU8leIpusidenue Sa] eu esudeujUe eunone ‘alle}UO9 seo 9] suep ‘anbsind
Sejuepodul juoS BuiAqqo| ap sayanoe sel Sa}no} enb auip sed uo-jned aN é}UaI|O el] inod
« JUBLOdUI! » Se seuuop BuiAqqo] sp esuBedwes 8UN,P Joefqo] IS aploap IND ebuikqqo|
ep eubedwes eunp « soueyodui »] Janjeaa jueuuuos ‘aduexe ‘led ““Juauiebueyo
[9] UN PeJSAg|NOS enb uonejaidiequi,p Sewejqoid S8p 8Jou euuoq puald aJIWO9 97
[GL:60:/ ‘SIA uosfer]
‘1071 EI BP JUSUWISUUOTOUO] 8j SUEP BdUSJedsuUeL E] 9p UOEIOIS UE. | 2 ‘eoUe|qWasIeJA
9}NO} US “JENqu}UOD jueyne inod sues ‘jJueweuieAnof np saidne sewunife| sye1equi
SINS] 81pU8jep jue/neA Inb seuuosisd sap oy9e} e| esenbijduos je uoneyeidiequi p
Seuaqoid Sjueyoduul p yesesod sauejes saysiAqqo| ep uoKIUYap e| ap juetueBueus
ap jefoid #7 “anbiignd ebieyo ap souen se] Seve yUaWAal}oUUOSJEed JanbiuNWWOO
ep Seuuelpeue] jo SUelpeue] sep joup ej Jebaloid e juewepuei5 enquuoo
juelpo UN,P no 1ne/{ojdus un,p eydwos 8j inod sanbijqnd senbnjod se] 1souenqui p
ajue} Inb seieunwuel euuosiod ejnoj aysiAqqo] ewwoo Jeubisep ep yey 9 ['']
: sejueqoid suo9afqo sap 218/nos
JUO SUIOW9} S9q 69)2100S eunp SJn9efqo se] je snq se] ins SsenbsewW esoueplour BUN
Jione yned BuiAqqo] 29 puenb ‘6uiÂqqo] sp seianoe xne JIeAe1 ep sdue] 1n8] Bp 00L ‘d OZ
9p SUIOW JU8198SU09 Inb seuuosied xne juewensifaiue p sea Se 21pU9Je |I-Jn24
« jyeyyenb » uowensifaiug ‘Zz
‘uosesiueB10 aun,p
a}dwiod a] Jnod sajsiAqqo] Sa] jueSIA juowuorsieius.p sajHei se] sonejes
saj}siAqqo; xne senbijdde 1nod 107 e| 1eypouu ap sed apuewwodsel eu
aywo9 a] ‘uogisodoid 2799 sed jusindde,u snpuejue SUIOWIS} S38] eWIUOT
: G uolepueWwWwODeY
: uenbesuos Jeg ‘uornesiueBlo
eunp ejdwoo 9 inod sejsiAqqo; Sej jUeUISOUCD safei sey seuejes saysiAqqo|
xne Janbijdde,p sepl,| 9818 pl0992,Pp yeje,U UIOUS} UNoNe ‘giqenbiewsl je 4
lop:Sbiv) ‘seluayo UYos] “eulelIpewejul
nes un Jed segsijeued JU810S No juassind ewsiAqqo| ep SSJANIE Se] S8]n0} enb
09 e JejjieA 1nod 29ejd ue Seinjoni}S Se] lu sanbly9181eIu el se sed Juo,u salle je
‘soueBoyajeu snjd ‘enbiude16096 uejd aj ins soejeze snjd ‘sepues6 snjd }uoS ‘sinel]le
Jed ‘sajeloos sepueif sa] ‘sajejuauauJeANOË suoneje1 Sep e6ieus 3se Inb ve je
‘sgasijesjuad snjd ‘sayjed snjd juos — suoHjeloosse SEP jesQueb ue — oe 10
se] ‘noue sun jeles uonesiuefio eunp wou ne ae ies qao|
sa] quo nb yoddes ap sige ue so|fal seuiguu Se] S9J9100$ Se INOd 18]d0PE a
: jueueBueuo ne juewejeBe esoddos ‘JoyUoW Aqqo7 np ANS}OePS4 “JE|USUS UYOL
£c
[0L:60:SL ‘Sienue) epur]] ‘oqnd a] unod juesedde e91eueq sues ‘sesiideue sel]
Jnod auesseseded e| essipinoje,u jueweBueuo 29 enb suouieis snoN ‘edn290e1d
snou sesiudesjue xne 8npu8]9 OS SouSIUBPBIO Se] JUeSIA eo e| aNb ayjiqissod e7
: prueba 199 e suonedn99oa1d Sep ewilidxe ISSne e epeue9 [184 2p SIEA99 SUN
‘uonesiueflo aun,p ajduos a] 1nod sa]siÂqqo]
se] onb selfai sawew Se uojes souejes sajsiAqqo] Sep juowesiBalua] J}e}IN9e]
oJpuai ap ‘anjoayea jsa jJuoWeBUEUO 9 IS ‘apueWLWUODeJ DUOP JUO DAW Seq
[0Z:60:20 ‘SiSÂN uosfer] T'''Jeoueiedsuen e] ep uoneioneuwe. ep Ue|d 9] INS odde
puelf sues ‘asne}noo eAneJSIUILUpe eBJeu9 eun €] JUSIEBA ‘SAJIAN9E Sel] Op
e sefojdws xneiqwou ap juajoaye Inb sajal9os sapues6 ap 1enoied ue ‘seujne.q
‘Bulkqqo] ep sejiAnoe sep jusuewW Inb saAojdwe,p ejsij aun eumnpoid juewe]duis
JIONep e juoleoubef sasudayjue seuleyag çuonesiueBlo eunp sajsiAqqo|
Se] enb eu eue ne J81sIBealue,s 9p SEnus} 219 S9j||9-JUBIEIABP S9)9190$S Sa] ['']
: joins 90 e uoljeI90SSE UOS AP SANA Se] dwWIdxXe e DIN
sep SJ2ÂN uos/er ‘uonesiueBlo eun,p ejduioo ej inod sajsiAqqo| Se] zueuieouos seal
Se] Sauejes sa1siAqqo] xne Jenbijdde,p eyunyoddo] Jaipnje,p 261eu9 jnj aluo9 87
‘Je1sIBalue s ap nus} 1S9
BuiAqqo] ne (Sdws} uos ap QOL ‘d OZ JUe}e SWULUOD alUIJap) SUOOUO] Ses ep « aJueyodul
alyed eun » a19esuo9 Inb eAojdwe noi ‘(esidenue sun e seyoseye) sauejes sajsiAqqo|
sap seo a] Suep ‘sunayie seg ‘1U8198SU09 A sIInb sdue)] np ed e] 110$ enb ayjanb ‘BuiAqqo]
np juoy inb sefojdue Se] Sno} 2p sjsij e] 18SS21p op jue9BUIP Jeilueid 97 ‘(learn
op sulewes Jed asauinol aun ‘p-e-'2) aÂojdue unp sdwse] np QoL ‘doz e puodse1109
BuiÂqqo] ne jueioesuos sefojdiue se] Sno} enb sdwe} np 210} a] IS uonesiueBlo eun,p
e]du0 2] inod aJsiÂqqo] ao) 191sIBaiue s yop uonesiueBlo aun,p jueaBuip 1elweld el]
‘aljenjoe aunay,| Y ‘JuowesIBaiue p SeAn9adSai SUOI}IPUOD sine] axjue nb Isule ‘« se|eiow
souuosJod » se] jo — ‘99 ‘sejpoIpuÂs suonelaosse sa ‘Sawsiuebhio Se] ‘891809
ep Seiquieyo Se] ‘p-e--o — « suoljesiuebio » Se] 2JJUE UONOUNSIP SUN je} 107 eF
« uonesiueB10,p » saysiAqqo] xne « asiiddaijUa,p » SaysiAqqo] Sa] 19JILISSY ‘LL
‘UONCUOSU!_p Suelew
U9 737 e| 2919 aNb suoneBi|go sa] jueyono] suosenb sinaisnid aipnje e syIWOD 27
anor V ASIN LA LNAWSYLSIDSYNSA — SALSIASEOT
S30 LNAWAYLSISSAYNA. 1
€ 14L1IdVH9
Re a
| Lie f
| ET, L 7 ae jes AS 7” +
: : - US À: 1
: a Mag: aie esas ar} | ? l'en nu LT
cf r di shy F id «à g MIEUX 5 à à fay . À : à à ry Le” 4 : 1
DATE ne ETS
— EE D) |
RD EEE TT)
A1 SE a RC] SERIE MI Eee 1
| = Wt 56 Jet de SULOH 18
DOI oF a Ve SAUT MAO ORNE HEURE
ANON IBEOS me le BOY coude De En TRE UE
| i) GUGLYRA) EC pv Un aie + gs sup al oi à
if : aie tiie, ©) a my ae
% ri BN Bob) Ole ey à My woes : — we _
, ? . j 2
nai
: “gai Ti LE COINS QUE situRe MNANEC AE PT
LE as EPS se M SM downy, Dar mocye te rants ml M à | he
at Fs Coutts COURIQGLC OOS ergyesig 1s aeisy ae à G2 me be | : à. ' .
SecOLULUSI 0 g : | er ANNEE run
D mme je a, To c SUOURR | Sn Ft of
if SE NA éd: At PERS SU LE tte
OH IS TEA +S
; as u ie id ve. 3000 1 1406 CARE ES LL À UC L
que ee Del Mere qe PO LULA ES ALORS
ST Wf ue ee borne, REDON Oust ANTON EE “omnis MES
= qe us zy ‘
2 eg f t'on ise > Sr} OOPS SY IS AQU D ronroué bo 9 mo 15: Fo |
| alex JG 15 Sa Hs O10". LOC; Ye as ON (30 TO LE pacpeck
re CRT! PAM TU Fe: à ; am Pye
: | .
|
3 Ais
ey aS ald + fk a oh sin WA waste
pal poil Mots Ait)
any 7
Aout LEE do
sk ose ee
Le
‘pueba
}99 & 107 E] Bp UOHeOYIPOW auNONe DUOP apueWIWOIA! AU }9 107 e| AP
S919} XN 91/PLIWOS 2a1np9901d sed sayinsinod xne JUsWAAI}e}91 Sue Xnap
ap janjoe uondu9s91d ap lejap 2] }UESIJNS APWIWOD aJaPISUOD a}IWOD 97
: p UONEpUEUILIO98 y
: JUSUWIW9P9991d SesoUOUS SUOSIeI
sane.p inod je eouonbesuos uy ‘asiewWOS einposoid Jed saynsinod sap 19}u8}uI p
euu0/n09 E] 2U9adue ye SUe xnep 9p uondu9se1d ap lejep a] enb sed ejques eu |! je
107 &| 2p Sajqissod SUOIJEJOIA Sep N|NOA SdwWs} US JUBINOD Ne SIL Sdue} np yednid e] esas
in8aulp 8] anb ejgeqoid Yo) sjquuss |! ‘e1siBei np 91jqnd 81819819 8] SUUOP jue}
‘dnoo saide sue xnep ap snjd sayinsinod sap
ajuajul uo nb je ayenbuse esse, uo nb 1nod eves6H Zasse sed aynop sues jse,u sino9e1
ex un sed aynsnf eu inb uonoeujui eun ‘eyoueAel UZ “@SIWWOD 9}9 e ee, nb saide
sue xnep ep snid aswewW saynsinod sap Jajuajul essind uonb eye uonesn99e
Ud B9SIW 9p SIOA Jed saynsinod sap 1eynsnf inod 21816 juUeWWESIJNS UOHE]OIA 80 L
: JUBAINS BNA Op julod
°| ewdxe e uelpeue) Nesweg np uoleloossy,| ‘ayiwWwOD ne slows UOS SUE(
[Ov: OL: G ‘UOSIIM PseMoH]
‘0]9100S elfe] NO el] Op SJeJaJUI Soa} sJpUuaJeap unod e6eBus ajsiAqqo;
ne juenb aseysAwW unone yeae Au || ‘asa}SAW 2] eue 2/89 enb siosJo ef ‘jeuIaju]
INS Snu8]qdo 219 jualeAnod sjueweuBiesuei se9 Sno} Jed [''‘] senbiuoydaja] sjadde
xnap juswajoexe n°91 e Nesaing UO ‘JUEJNE ye} JUO US Sje1ajuI Saupne,p enb uleyseo
0g
ey 19 xe nb SUIEU ap juEWajeBe seuLiy UeIPeUeD ‘saysifqqol sap yeyonequa
a Ry NY sonbiiduul SeySiÂqqo] se jueleje sjenb juewueyoexe JOAes njnon
SPUOUI 81 INO} "EPEUES 11 1NOd jeu28,p 81JJo UOS ye} e XeUO puenb ‘sue xnap À ||
: BW}SAS 8] siojegne yeinoque Inb 21esAuu e| 2dISSIPp JueWe|qe12pISUON
eB juawejsibeius,p ewasÂs e| enb SIP }Se enbiyyo ue Jejiesuoo 27
[62:60:61 ‘Ineq-euBeduwey) eueig]
JuoSIBaius,s seysiÂqqoi sey ‘eeyoedsas uelq S91} }Se 107 e| enb suoye]suos
snou ['‘’] seueyjodonewu suoibes Se] SUEP ‘a|quesua, sueq ‘JueWensifaius,
8 Sanijela1 Senne|siba| seoueBixe sep soauojui jus sauuosieod Se] ‘SEO 9] 158,9 IS
: 107 E] 8p jJusAgjal soajeuBls sayaoe sa] enbs107
[SZ:60:61 ‘ne4-eufedweus eueig] 107 e ed 99SIA UOU NO JS9
SHANIE 8}89 |S JeulWe}op xned ef ‘ej ep sed Y ‘sye, Se 1114218 inod ‘Jeissop 9] Jed
SOQUJS9U09 Seuuosied saine Xne no uoysenb ue auuosied e] e jueweeuuosiod
ououde|8} ef “auleyje,| € a}INs OUOp auuop af ‘sed 9] sed js9,U 29 enb sioje BulAqqo|
np en}}SUO9 g}AOe eun,nb jussued sueb se] ‘USANOS UsIg ‘107 e] ap UOHeOI|\dde,
OP JUBWILIA SAVIO S}AIOe syed Is sjqeye siop ef ‘pioge,p no] “euoydeje)
Jed sjiej Se] Je9A 8p 350, ‘sie af anb asoyo aJeiwwaid Be] ‘inpoid as ej89 aNbsu07
‘107 &| & UOMO UI
sed e Au jI.nb uaiq Is ‘soonsiaiue 21e jUeASP seyAn9e sep sed juos au seajeubis
SOPAOe Sa} onb |ajeAe1 ajenbue] ‘2911981P E| Jp E SNou ‘sed SUIEU99 sueq
[SZ:60:6| ‘ne4-eubedweus suelq]
“enbiuoudajey jedde un Sioje SuolA9991 snou je ‘olleye} e ans
eJQUUOP ajsijeuInof sine un no ‘xneusnof sa} suep aoe un exyeied || ‘eesjsiBesue
sed JSa,U Jaissop 99 ap pie69] 2 Senuuo9 JUOS SaJIAN9E Se JUOP auuosied aun,nb
Jo}e]SU09 je eusifei 9] 1eynsuoo jned ajja ‘ayyenjoe,p seu} Se Inb yes euuosied
eunnb je 1eISSop Un ajsixe |IS ‘S2092,p elle; se eusiBel 9] enb euuop jue};
[cz:60:61 ‘INned-eubedweyD eueiq] “euosul,s nod uo}EULOqUI P
assnoj} aun suonbiunwiwod ina] SNON ‘SUOUIIOJU Se] SNOU ‘sed 29 SUEQ
‘jueJnos ne sed jueleje,u seuuosied 589 NO ‘107 e| Sp NHSA ue sog1siBaiue 2139
sed juenlop eu uonsenb ue SajIAN9e Sai NO ‘sjeynses XN8P sioje suanqo,f je ‘sel
sa] SIJLIQA af “BQUIBOUOD auuosied e] e auoudeis} ep ‘aublesuas eu af ‘SuONeWJOJU!
$90 ap Jiued Y ‘s}lej Se] SUOUA}GO SNOU jo ‘SEU9/8U081 SB] SUOSIE} SNON ‘« CE}OSU!
se euuosiod 9/9} no ejje} enb 29-353 » ‘Juepuewep SU SI ‘alainoed eueye
aun uns juaBoJiejui,uu Inb eAld 1n8798$S np sjuejuaseides op ae no sejeJoneeinq
ep sjedde sep eine e sduse} ap si09e1 af ‘juawensifaius | ep 291J981IP anb jue} ug
‘euJeju] INS Inb eyoduul,u Jed 9},NSUOD 8178 ned ensiBei ej enb yes a] sed 89}10e,
JS9 UOIEAI9SqO] Je ‘SegUJaDUOD sguuosied xne 9uop Jess US eWesÂs 27
[cz:60:61 ‘IneJ-eubedueus uel] ‘21121U09
uawenbiyewoyne eine ue A JInb suleueo 819 zenAnod
uajep snod }
uonisod e| sipusjep d unod Bulkqqo| ap sey!Ajoe sep e À \,nb sioj enbeyo 13
SNOA ‘uonisod aun 19SIU0981
6L
: SUSBANO JE}
e }1n0} juewaenjiqeu enbneid sun se BuiAqqo] 9] anb uosiei ejduuis ej inod seonsiBaiue
uou BuiÂqqo| sp seAnoe sep juawaes eae À IInb enbijdxe e eoujoeup e7
[OL:2L:S ‘Ineg-eubedweyy sueiqg] '2nsifaiue
JU9W9)991109 JS9 9]SI4qqO] 8] IS JIOA JO 91SIBa1 89 18ynsu09 ynad || ‘enbuosjenb
uonsenb aun ins Buqgo| np ye} eunep un,nbjanb enb esued unnbjenb
IS ‘Sa99e JIone A yned Inb euoduu [‘‘] epuowu 2e] }3n0o} e ‘suaipeueD se] sno}
e LISANO JS2 Inb ‘orjqnd eulewop np jueweyeued Se Inb e1siBes un suone snou ['']
: SQWI9} S99 US npuodal
e sOUJOSJIP 27 ,091sIPaiue juewunp Se BuiAqqo] np juesIe, euuosied eun IS |I-J-SUIWI9)9P
JN9)99J1IP +B] JUSWWOD ‘eusifaiues |Inbsio| enb ja} ewWWOd eynuepl jse.U esiAqqol
unnb auuop jue]3 £e]dui09 e1puei Uas 1nod |I-jne} sdwse} ep uelquo) ;101SIBaius,s
9p sIuo e euuosied eunnb |I-pueidde 1neJ°a1p 9} JUeWIWOD celleuwuuwos aunpa2oid
Jed J9p2901d e 2]SISUO9 ajqeuUOsies UONN]OS ajnes e] ajjenbe] inod sineuilwW juewieAne[el
uonoeljut eunp yWHes ILS |l-}-aAWenb siew ‘(81825 jUeWWeSINS Se UONOeJJUI| IS)
uonesnooe usa asiw Jed 19p9901d SJoJe }I211n0d auuoino) e| anb puodeai uo ‘and aJelwueld
V àl07 E] ap SUONISOdSIP sap UONEJOIA BUN 19}2JSU09 Jnod sue xnep ep snjd yee} [LS
a|dwexe Jed l-Jesossed as ano ‘ejJuaayIp 212 Jeunod uonenys e| ‘juepuades ‘ooeu]
uy ‘sed JUSIAUO9 eu Sue xnep ep uodu9se1d ep leJep 9] enb ainjpouos ep eyeuued eu
Udall anb OQuOp jesajqwas || ‘21086 89 ep sed unone p 129 je} CU 291J9201JIp e] ‘auBloWs}
e ae, nbs107 ~ajnoos Je] uondu9se1d ep lejep 9] enb adued seynsinod sep e 1sououel
ne, E || no seo sap eNesdo Uo-]-Y ‘awWe}sAS np enbneid uoneodde] ap ejxe]u09
3] suep siew ‘njosqe| SUep uonduoseid ep lejep a] Jenjene sed 1jned eu uC
[0S:GL:8 ‘eyoeuos png]
‘eoueSSIEUUO) puaid US UO] NO jUusWOW 2] je ynpoid es esouo enbjenb no
JUSWOW 9} JUS 2[q19PISUO) IE[9p uN JIoAE À jnad || ‘UIOA 8] ZBANOd SNOA aWWON
[Fr] «uoneneodied anpusjesd e] ep ejep e] ep 18]dWw09 e sue xnep Jed jueAu9SaId
as» Saynsinod se] anb a}e}suod UO ‘107 e] Bp ayjaq!| Ne |I,p dno9 un eyel uo] IS
: S08[299P JUBIOS AU SUOIJOEJJUI
seuleyao enb juene Jeuidxe,p sde] 9] Je sue xnep ep uonduosaid ep lejep unnb
JueuBieio e1ooue Selne.{ ‘107 e| ap UON928XE] Je UONEMESO]| 1810Ij2UUE,P jee 1nod
JeAe ead Is JoHuoje,| ep unyoddo ee yeunod |Inb juewunse Seujne.q ‘J}UeSIHNs JUsANOL}
2| SUIPUOD “Sue XNBp 9p uondu9soid ap Iejap 2] INS Snsuesuos ep sed e Au ||
‘UONeUWEpPUO) BUN JIUS}GO,P ap Snjd 2139 jned I ‘Sepino] snjd
suoljoues ap }2{q0 | JuO} UoeSsNn99e Us asiwW Jed a1np2901d eun e nel] JUEUUOP SUON9BJJUI
Sa] eWWo9 ‘snid eq ‘eseuueid eyenbue eun e je Ainf jueAep se9oid un e OJP
gsnooe,| E aUUOP ajja,nb je, np SeAelB SuONOe Ul Xne 2eA9sa1 Juepuade, se uoljesNn29e
ue asi Jed 21np2901d e7 ‘Se]nsinod sep e J82UOoU8J NO UOESN99E US SSILU Bp SIOA Jed
J9p9901d : aAljeuseye aun JUeASP Sina1n901d Se] 29e]d sulewUWOS 21np2901d e] Bp sed 9]
suep SIOW XIS ep uodu9se1d ap lejap NOD np uonesidxe, anb Jeawe ned || ‘suneunooud
xne epn}lje| ap snjd 1euuop e juasiA Inb ayjigedino ap eulewuWOs uoneie[p8p INS soasodui
suoljoues sep jusweaessipinoje| e je Uondu9se1d ap siejep Sep jueweBuole] e souepus]
SL
E| SP JUSIOSUOD JSe 9}IWOD 27 “sue Xnep ep ‘Buo] snid dnooneeq uonduoseud ap lejap
UN HWOAgId 107 eB] slew ‘siow xis 8p }S9 (/aUIWID apoD e| suep ajduuexe Jed) SleuLUOS
810A Jed Sejqessiund suoyoejul Se| INod jeuou uondioseid ep lejep 27 ‘UOESN298
US esIu ep S8npssoid sep seo 9] suep uonduoseid ep sed e Ku Il ‘SOIIEUILUOS
Sainpssoid xnenb anbijddes eu sue xnep ep uonduosaid ep lejap 37 (sue xnep
snjd ne,p juewsuuosidius je $ 000 001 8p ejeuixeuw epuewue) uonesnooe us 9SIW oun
8 Os ‘(slow xIs snid ne.p jueweuuoslidue je $ 000 Sz ep eleuixeuu OpuauE) a1ewuuuos
91npS9201d aun e Os nelj ieuuop yned ajenbe] ‘uojoesjul aun Jeuuu09 sauoue no xne}
SjuawWaUBblesues Sep juaWWaIos auuop enbuooinb ‘ajjanjoe 107 e| ap SOUS} xny
BIEWWOS 91np9201d
8p 910A Jed Seynsinod saj inod sue xnap ap uond12s91d ap iejag (2
107 EI Suep « J9DUaNYUI,.P 49}U9} » SaW9} Sap 1ojdwa,| ap jue}Nse
uonn929x9,p Sowejqoid saj 19/691 ap xnaiw aj juaresyeuuod seanesi6al
Sdinsew sajjanb JaulWw4a}9p ap onA Ua suoneynsuos sasne.p juanj994e
991SNf e] Sp s19}SIUIW 9] 39 enbiyze Ua 19/jjesu09 Np neaing a] ‘sa}ysiAqqo}
sap juswajsibeius,, ap Uo9291iq e| enb epuewuwossi ayw09 27
: € UOI}EPUBWIWIODOY
: eouanbasuo)
UT ‘Sajqissod SeAe]SIBa] Suonnjos Sep aipuoyoidde esfjeue eun aie, Nod suoljeuuioquI p
juolWweSsIINS sed eu || ‘Juepuedsg ‘107 e| 9p uonn2exep elwue|qoid Un JUSWIBJA
OJSIX® IND JUSIAUOD 9}IWO09 8] ‘Isles 919 e |i JUOP SeBbeubiows} sep eseq eB] INS
‘107 E] Bp UOHeAJaSQO |
JeBeinoous Jnod juesijns ]S9 SUOJU9ABHUOO Se] INS 107 e| BP See} Xne sonAgid
sopuale sep puojeld 8] Is ISSNe epueliep 9S UO ‘eJSai NG ‘SUONUSABIJUOO Sap XNeUnq]
Sep JU91JSIUILUPE JUSLUajNES SedUIAOJd }ny no jdes ‘uepusde) “sgo0id un 18pueuep no
‘suonejuasaidei sep auiez je ejqednos Jeplejd no ‘epueuwe oun 18/ed je ajqednoo Japiejd
ynod eeuJeouoo euuosiod e7 ‘eSIJBUILUL98P e| UO ‘«UOHUSABIJUOI » BUN UON9EJJUI,
9p juesie} uy ‘SUONUSACIUOO sep xneunqu sgjedde xneloulAoid xneunqu} ep UeAoW
ne geujsiuiwpe 159 inb je yiyeujsiuiupe sodA} ep souiod Sep yloAsid Inb aje1epaj 10] eun
‘SUOQUSABHUOI SO] INS 107 E] ISIN 8 8ISISUOS Nb ‘UOHN|OS eLU8ISION} SUN 8JSIXS ||
[0Z:60:61 ‘en Pur] “uy 2789 B JUBWAAISN|OXE SAUSSE1 [EUNGI UN 18819 snid
ud eupne] |! ‘efap yuaysixe inb xneunqu} xNe 1H1N0981 8p Nel| NY ‘sexejdwoo snjd ned
un QUOP JUSUUSIASP SeSOYd 527 ‘OLINS OP ISUIE J9 107 €] Sp SeUHS} XNE 1IdEJS 81
eJA9p jenbe] ‘eunqu} UN JISIES US EJASP 818 qIp Jueweny ‘e[qednos 1eplejd sed eu
ep aploep ae is jedde 1839 18JUI,P }101P 8f eine SANESIUIUPE uonoues aun 2soduul
uo ajjanbe]; e euuosied oun ‘otusiUedELU 89 BP NSA US JE9 sjedde se] 21puejus,p
aGieuo jeunqu} un 29ejd ue eipeul EJPNE} || ‘QuusiueoewW ap eJue6 89 eydope ud IS
ssne ]S8 UOINIOS 21189 juepuede9 ‘Sa|219pP9J SIO] SOP SUEP je} 919 elap
UI |
: eJepeduul | p sabesiaua issne yeunod uO
juauiweedde e inb 89 ‘SeAeJISIUIUPE sUuONoUuES Se
LL
[0Z:60:6L ‘Jel Bu] jueweienue sed slew ‘ared ue 21}2-yned
JeJpnosai | 2J99 ‘oWe|qoid 9] jJUeWSJenUue Sed 2]Nnop sues ouop JleJewuliddns
où UO ‘«J99UENUIP J8JU8} » UoISSaIdX2] JIESSIE| UO IS ‘aJliqedino e| 111q2}9,P
IIOIJIP Slojayno} yeses |! [''] SeyIqeqosid sep eoueispuodaid ej e ejqeuuosiei
aynop np Jessed jnod ‘eaneld e] ap neapse} e| ‘aAneid e| ap SUWIOU e| }IBJONUILUIP
UO ‘UOIJ9EJUI 8929 JIESIEUIWH98P UO,| IS [***] Sewejqoid seine,p jueulexjue Sse||3
[''] epnye e sunofno} juos Inb je seeBesiaue 9je juo Inb suondo sep juos ad [*"’]
: SOANEJJSIUILUPE
no saJiejuawue/Bai SUOIOBJJUI P |IAIO 8LU8JSÂS UN,P UONOCJU! 880 18A8[91 ule} Seujne 9JjUe
Jeunod uO ‘sSuonnjos sineisnid weebesiaue 8J8JSIUIN 9] enb ejeuBis e JeIIIN ‘WI
‘eu9JeU UN p uonnquye. 2p no 10] ap yefoud un,p « jefns ne anbijqnd e61euo
ap soulejnyi Sep 981 Jenbiuntuwos » ejduexe Jed ‘ejUeleyIp UONe;NWO} BUN asin
UO,| NO ‘siuA-s}e}y xNe BWIWOD ‘SJIOIpuUS SaJne,p aed e anbiyje ua J8|IeSU09 27
[SL 60:61 ‘en Bu] ‘uoyduexe eun,p jefqo,| auley yop
nb 29 JIOA JNOd uonsenb e] jueweAnueye JOUILUeXS ODUOP EJpnez snou || ‘SaJduexe
sene,p e A |! je ‘euoBees 2729 Suep 1equ0] sed JIop eu ‘ajdwexe sed ‘1aISSOp
UN,P UONN|OA9] INS SJuoWwauBIesusi Bp BPUeWAP SUA ‘SUONEDIUNWWWOD Se] $9}NOC}
e anbijdde,s eja0 enb sed 1neJ eu |! 129 ‘107 ej suep efep sed jusAnol} es eu Inb
SUOI}ISOdSIP Sep J10191d 219-ned e1pne] |! ‘uonIsodsip 2y29 JueeBipai uy ‘ejeiouef
juouweuwonxe oeu1od eun UOHISOdSIPp e] e SIOJE SUUOP UO ‘UONE9IUNWUON E] ANS
juowenblun eju89u0s es uo nb je uoisseidxe 2}j29 18qW0]} 2SSIE| UO,| IS ‘SIOJE}NO |
: eW8[qoid juo] IND s}OW sa] ewuddns
jusWe|duIs e sed ]I2]JSISUO9 eu uonnjos eB] enb ejeuBis juepuedeo e JeIIN NW
[SL:60:6L1 ‘IN Bu] “awajqoud 9] 159,9 je ‘sJe19U09
snid dnooneaq aAneid ap sjuewueje sap 1ne4 |! ['''] Jeouenpuip eAnejua] ne e A [Inb
JeAnOJd 1n04 ‘111q42)9 e ale} Snid 2]n0p sues ]S2 UOIedIUNWWOD e| 129 — JU9PIA9
]S9,9 — UOIJ9PJJUI AUN,P sNayne,| aAINSInod unod saslesseoeu seAnaJd Se] H|I9n991
ep ajl9e, snjd dnooneeg jI218S |! ‘« J29U8NJJUI,P 19]U9} » UOISSeudx~e,| juewiddns UZ
BOIISNEF E] BP SJS}SIUILU NP JeEIOIBWILWOD }IOUp NP UOISIAIG E] e Jediouud
enbipunf JajjIaSuoo ‘Jay BUIAI yp e,) SPUIWOD ‘uoneJaidiajuIp Sewue|qoid sep jus}IOSns
« JOOUSNI|JUI,P JO}UB} » SOUUE]} Se] ‘JUePUSdED ‘JEU aPOD Ne SWIOJUOD JI219S 2/89 129
‘JUSLUBLEd NP e[BHIUI UONUS}UI,| PJ 2}N0P Sues }We}9,D ‘191SIBaius,s ep anus} sa euuosiod
2}29 ‘(lo] ap jefoud un,p no syouewW UN,p uonnquye] ep ejduexe Jed) ajegueweusanoñ
ainseu eunp Jemnosip inod enbqnd e6ieuo ep euemny] un 9e1e enbiunwuuo9
‘uoleseunwes jueuue/owu ‘euuosiod eun IS ‘eagjaidieju! uewejeuou Se ajje,nb ele]
‘UOHIPUO9 Ee] UOJA9S ‘SaJqUISPISUON SJ9JJe Sap E UOIE]OIdISQUIP BOUSIELIP 2729
[0£:9L:S ‘UOSIIAA PJEMOH] ‘1souenui
e }IEYOJOYO UOHEOIUNWWOD Be] IS JIOAeS Op 35e ['‘‘] enbiydde,s Inb a1aju9 a] ‘siae IND]
ÿ ‘« JequAN|JUI,P 1ejU8} » JUB!e}g S9[9 SJoW Se nb Jp jUO 891jsNnf e| ep 818JSIUILU np
Sin91n901d Se] SIEW ‘>uewue/Bai un e no Io] ep Jefoid un e 1euodde e sjuswebueyo
sap enbijgqnd 2B1eu9 eun,p aie} ne Zajsed SNOA IS Je aJeunW9] S819 SNOA IS ‘JUOIO
un ZaAe SNOA IS ‘« JONDIUNWWOD » }12}9 JUEUIWISJ9P JOWW 9] enb suoisued SNOW [''']
OL
. - 107] E 8P Uonnoexe | ap nesniu ne S9}NIIWJIP SAP SUJEJUS 2/29
enbiyje US Jd||IBSUOD 9} enbijdxe e SWWOD ‘Sajqnd Sioanod sap suoisioap ap asud P|
JOOUSNIJUI_P 19}U9} ep ue enbljgnd ebueuo ep sulejn}i] UN 981 yanbiunwiwos e afebues
qjuewueled jueuusAow ‘inb auuosied emo} e enbiddes 107 el “quawaljanioy |
uoneja1diequi,p Seuiejqoi4 (q
efns 99 e juewiepieg ne oddei jieJa}
j9 SasiÂqqoj sep siBojojuosp ap 8p09 np ssawinseid suonelolA Sa] uns
Saejonbus xne juenb eaisnjoxe s9usjodu09 eine inb nesinq nesanou un,p
uoñe919 ej 110A91d Àp ue saipouu JOS 107 ej anb spuewwosei 9}IWOD 97
: Z uolNepueWIWODaY
: SNSSEP-ID SS9UOUS SjI}OW Se] inod ‘eouanbasuos uz
‘soysiAqqo| Sep epo) ne suoyoeyui se] ins eyenbue eue, ap eB1eus esas Inb
neelnq NesAnou un,p uoree19 e| Jed enjosa1 eue Jeunod eynBique ene9 ‘seys/Âgqo, sep
juawajsibasua| INS 107 e| ap eWiajsÂS np ajx8]U09 ej Suep enbiyje ue Je]leSU09 np eJo4
9| INS Se|qUISPISUO9 SNnpusjuejeuW Sap J8}I,SNS jned |! ‘aujJUOW JUO,| SeoUsIPNe se] SUUUUO9
‘Ja xnebejuene se juaweHuee 329 enb jUuapiAs sed jsa,u ji Slew ‘enbiyje ue 1ejesuos
np nesing 92 39 sejsiAqqo] sep juawansiBelue] ap uoNoauIG e] SU SANeu}SIUILUpe
gouepuedapeju! epues6H oun e A jI_nb s1aiueuu 91/9} ep enjors e ewesAs 9] ‘JUSLULUEPIAR
‘SJ219JUI,P SJJUO9 Sa] JUeSSIBa1 Sa}sIAqqo] BpoD ne JUOWEANE|91 SUOI}OUOJ S9S E J819PSU09
e sde] ap snjd jeune |! je Sa}dwod 9p uoHIppei Bp SuaeW US Sa}UdJELJIP Sayjigesuodsai
xnop ses sed sasned snpueajuejeu Se] Wesoulwija UO : sabeyueAe xnep jejne 107 El]
@p UOI]NDEX9,| E JIOA ap aujigesuodsei e} enblyje Ua Ja||IaSUOD Ne Jase Op We} 27
‘]uene aule} ua
ned med jenb eyodwi,u ‘yWe} UZ ‘jUaWAUJEANOB uos 1ejj8Su09 JNOd aNnbiyje Ue Ja||IeSUOD
UN JOLUWWOU 9p 21JSIUIW Jeiueld 98] ue ue eYyoedwe,u ejje nb 1euBnos ep jueuoduui
}s9 |! ‘Juepuode) ‘uonisodoid 2729 e JUOSNOS aJu09 27 16Ândde e sewueun enbseid
9]@ jUO SUIOWe) sej enb sep! eun JS2,9 gjuaweyed ne uoddei }e1e; Inb eureuuorouo]
neu un e saysiÂqqgo] sep epod np uoyeoijdde, 18109 xnellu sed |I-Wespnen eN ‘11onnod
ne wed np sayndep se] je jeuIqe) UOS ‘eJsIuIU Jelueid 9] jueuienes sed je ‘sayndep
Sa] SNO} auJeouoo Inb uorsenb sun jse BuAqqo| 27 ‘enbiyje ue Jaljlesuod ne JIOANOd
99 a}INSUS J8HUO9 ep 9SIAe UI }I2J9 {I'S JoPUeWIEP BS JUEUSJUIEU ined UO 1H-8Iques
“SOANENSIUILUpE seouabixe sep enb sanijeujsiujwipe suosies sep Inod eBejuenep ‘suodde.
sep uoneledoid e] }8 SUOIEJOIA Sep ayenbue] 1e1ju09 In| ep enbneid 3e anbiboj sAno.}
e uo ‘sa}siAqqo| sep apod | ebipei were inb anbiuje US Ja||IBSUOD 9] 152,9 SUIWOD
[SL:2L:G ‘UOSIIM PsemoH]
‘ so] ejenbuap sioanod sep
‘SOlJUO9 2J2 JUO,W saoanod sed je Snpuegg SE
rete peyyey 1,nb euwnse siojeyno} & uO ‘etai 9] SUBP JUBUSJUJEW JHOSULS E189 79
9essnod UO]E1INSUOS gun sede ye} le, 9f “APO UN 8179 u8lq je |8q ese due SIEN
“poo un 1810qe19 e Ie}SISUOD 981JU09 839 EU inb eu9e] ajaiweld e] [‘‘‘] ‘G66L UZ
el
: BQUBNDESUOD UA ‘Je 107 E] Bp UONeAESqoO,| ep UONSEnb e] puo, e snjd
Jaipnye,p xnebejuene JjieJes |INb siIAe,p 159 SyIWOD a] ‘see}oedsai uelq Zasse e]quiasUua |
suep jUuos JjJuowensiBaiue p seouoBixe Se] enb æejques JS ‘uolsnjouod ug
[SL:91:8 ‘18Buie19 ueug] ‘Saynoiyip Sep Uelq 21euIeJju9
2/99 ‘SIAe UOW Pe Jeo sinajeA xne jadde aie, sues ‘se|fai seuleyeo ap eoueMesqo,
Jns juawenbiun 2puo; 9S UO] NO JU@WeUUDJIAUS UN SUeP SJAIA SUOINOA snou
anb sed ssued au af ['‘‘] suas e sajadde sua sap — « ay1Bajui » sa aysn[ eue}
9] — elusijeuuoIssajoid np eipusdep suOoJAep snou ‘ajjanjoe ainey,| e,nb owise,!
‘salne.p Uelq ap JEJSUI] Y “sjueWodw! juOS — UO}}esI|IqGesuodse, e| ‘aouesedsuel}
e|—nu,pinolne senbons eje yuo inb sediouud se] ‘sunayie seq ‘UONOSJIP
029 Suep juelje ue subeH ua SuOAe,U SNON ‘uIHjed np Jos JUe}Ne Jnod sues
weesneu pe xneunqi} xne sunodeJ yned uo,nb eaAnoid juo snou suUledewWY seq
: OJEIOIBWILWOO
enbiuje,p suolsenb sep soueuedxe enBuo] eun e Inb jissuoo-uedxe un ‘JeHuleig ueug
oouanboje 984 JIOJEA We} e,nb 89 ‘UojeWOqUIp Seinsewu ep pieBse 199 e uIoseq JNOYNS
e uo nb je 107 e] ep suonisodsip sep jelns ne soueloufi| ep ewejqoid ne elalpawel
uo nb sejoins snid uonn9exe p SeunsewW sep jue}dope ue sed jsa,u 29 enb sulowuueeu
SWISS SOD 271 ‘JUSWAESSeIpeJ UN,P eouesqe.] US 19-229 ap 2JN9PIIJE] e sjulaye
ouod ‘2JIBJUOJOAUI WW ‘107 €] SP UONEJOIA 9}NO} enb juepuedes ajsaJ || ‘e[qeuuosiel
2]n0p np soyeueq Ne ]I01P jUO Sinopua/ep se] ‘eosnf ap eweysÂs enou suep ‘esueloubl,p
Juoweduis sw6es ned jinbsind ‘uoissiuop seo enbeuyo suep 107 ke] 1euinojuo9
ep 9g}UO[OA eun e jJUsWaNbI}eWs}sAs einpouoo sed jned eu UO ‘jJUsWWAPIAZ
[0ÿ:SL:+L ‘ielueu9 uuor] ‘suoroues
xne Joddeu9» 1nod uond9su! aun jJuetue]duis }n0} suyeWNOS In] e ye BOUeJOUBI |
Jepiejd e.nb juo,u ‘SeJIBUUONOUO, ap sieiq 2] sed aOUeSSIeUUOD ES e seauod ju0S
SOJIAN9E Sa] JUOP slew ‘asOSUI,S Sed ou ap JUassisioYyo Inb xne9 ‘aBeublows} uos
uojes ‘inof eg 8] s}IWIOD 29 JUBASP Saj}siAqqo| Sep jJuoWe1sIBalus | BP 2911}9811P
e| ep eHheubiows} a] ajeddes snoa ef ‘107 e| ep uoneoiydde] euisouo9 Inb 89 uz
: EOUPAE ‘JOJIUON Âgq07 ‘inayipe
‘JQIUBYD UUOF ‘107 E] Bp SajqISsod SUOI}EIOIA Se] 18JeuBIS INOd 1n2J98$S np sSaiqueu Se] INS
9}dWOd UO) NO ‘enue]el ey901dde | Deve P1099E,p SNo} sed jU8I2)e U SUIOWS)} S87
[0£:60:61 ‘Ineq-eubedweyd sued)
‘ayinsua juajsibeiua,s suo6 se ‘jesoueH uy ‘1euuou se] Jnod jueuouydeje NE}
ua a}INS SUOUUOP snou lonbinod 358,9 ‘107 e] Jed sanasid suonefi|qo se] uaiq sed
JUBSSIEUUOD eu sue se] ‘seuleyodoïouw SUOIHa1 sep siouep ue ‘anb sioued eaule ||
‘}UeWE[OSI | E WU NO S98]IWI] 2SIJadXE aun no seodJnossel
sop e ele-nod jual} eWueqoid 9] ‘sulow ne seo suleyeo sueq jew jus)eidiejui.
no 107 e| sed juassieuucd eù JajsiBeiua,s ap silo juo Inb sejsiAqqo; sep uednjd
cL
e| anb ajqeqoud jsea ||
sed juesinpel} eu sale
Sa] Jalooidde us sed duo
IA 2] & JIUSA9]UO9 Bp saJEqijap ejUoloA eun JueuaJIPSS99au
JUSISAES SUOISNIOUOO 589 Is eWeW ‘juepuade] ‘suOISNjOUCD
P ed eu je DAW ep spnje] esAjeue sed eu 9}JIWO) 27
| ‘Se1SIBelue JUSLUNP jueleJe JUANES
SI01} SUO!}E}NSUOD Xne jualediored Inb ejexuauieueanof uou uolesiueBlo aun.p ajduo9
e| Inod SejsiÂqqo] gz Se] uns je saysiBeiue SNO} jualej9 sesudejjue sep juejuesaidei
Se}sÂqqo| ÿ1 Se ‘seysibeiue jualejo pe ‘Seslidenjus p suoneloosse sep jualejuesaudes
Inb sjIssuo9-saysi{qqo] 9€ sej uns anb anuouw e DAW ep 2pn2,7 ‘ojoAy ap g}000}01d
ne epeued np uoljedioijied e uns sejeuoyeu suonersoeu se] je enbijeuuijo jueuusBueup el]
je suoepodxe sep uolsuedxa,| inod 9121908 e] ap uonebinaip ep se|fes sep uoneiogels.|
‘91809 NP ejeIpUOWI uoljesiuebiQ,| JUSIBUISOUOD SUOISSNOSIP S29 ‘Saju8po9aid
seguue xnep Se] juemnp ediowed e San sejenbxne suoissnosip sep uolse990|
8 JUOWEJSIPeIUS] ap UOEAMESIOP xne} Se] ainsew e UO ejjenbe] suep uonesiuebso
uos Jed e9sijee1 epnje eUn,p sjeqnsai Se] ayo SISÂN ‘W ‘soup ses 12Ândde Jnod
[0L:60:2 ‘SieÂn uosfer] [''‘] sewsiueBio serne,p
juajuesaidei Inb sesgunwues sejsiÂqqo] xne sed juepuedes anbijdde,s au jejsuo9
eWQgW 97 ‘107 S| E JUSWSBWIOJUOD ‘SJJOSUI U9Iq }@ [aq JUOS SeoAud $9]8100$ sap
$}9J9}U! S98] JUBWAAI}Oe jUSpusep Inb uonesiueBlo eun,p ados 8] inod saysiAqqo|
Sep je Sonejes sazsiÂqqo]| sep ‘sjiasuod-sa}siAqqo| sep ednid ej enb suo{oio snon
: SISÂN UOSAeP eue e] SWWON
‘(93N) epeue, np sinsyeuodxe je SsJelnjoenuen sed 29sij221 apnje oun Jed e1nseui
euleuI29 aun suep o2Ândde jse aja ‘(ONO) sajejuewaeUJaANOH uou suonesiueBlo sel
juejuaseides souejes sajsiAqqo| se] juswenbylogds asin enbiewss ep89 IS ‘JuSLULUEpPIAZ
‘10-2189 R 9118JJSN0S 9S BP 9819qIj9p 2JUOJOA BUN e NO 107 e| Sp S,UBSSIEUUOIEU
oun e judi} JUOWeOdWOo9 89 IS WIOAes op enb snid uou ‘seysiÂqgo ep sedA] sel
SNO} 2p Sed 8] JS2,9 IS NO JaujsiBaiue,s ap juayeuuo sejsiAqqo) sp sedA} suI2u189 jueuus[nes
IS JOUILUA]Ep ep sed jueyjeuued eu « Sa|jeloUe}SUODIIO seAneid » S89 ‘eyjNO uy
‘saxueqoid
QWLWOD S99J2pISUO) ee sed jUaANed eu ‘sesnelquiou SWEW ‘« S8|8lUE)SUOII9
senned » sep enb einewep JE, 9] je SuOIesse ses ep indde| e Juyo e uen JeAeU
a9UeIISAINS us sijeloowWeg ‘Juepuede) [cp:SL:e ‘ueweel4 uoJey] ‘«1ensIbeius,s ep
jueweduus jno} jueBBeu saysiAqqo| ep dnosneeq anb Josued e JUBUUOP a||aloOUe}SUODIID
aaneid ejuepuoge eun» jejysixe [nb aywoD ne Jp E Je SELS 758 a1sI6al
e| onb sed sAnoï ou ‘eOuEISAns US 2eHL0ous( ‘snpueju® SUIOUUS} Sep UN
[Gz:91:S ‘Ined-eubedweyoD oueiq] ‘$ 000 00Z 2P SUIOW ep januue Je6pnq
un je seuuosiod XNap jUsWAE/NSS 281€ J212d0,p sezsi4qqo| sep juowejsibeiue,| ep
uol981IQ E] e joue |! 189 ‘UOnISOdSIP 21JOu @ SUOAe SNOU anb seejilui| S891N0SS91
se] 29891 Seu} UOSe} 2p 18SINP juguejebe jeuwed jeuIeJuI] 2 SINO981 97
: SO9}ILUI] JUOS SeuleeBpnq Se91nossel
se] juiod jenb e yes uo juenb sajueuuolsseiduui snjd e1oou8 JUOS SUONESIIES1 S89
LL
[Sz:91:g ‘Ineq-eubedweyg eueig] ewuwe1boid jed un Jejedde 1ned
uo,| enb 29 1nod s1quou uoq un ewew puenb 3se Inb 89 ‘sebed 96ÿ 291 UOJIAUS e
2p9299e UO sinajesijin se] ‘epouod eut e] juepued [**’] Je seysiAqqo] sep ejis e1jou
B SOJISIA ££O 0€ Ne e À II ‘LOOT SieW LL Ne 0002 IHAE 4 np epoued ej Jnod [']
: 9SIjN S91] 29/N0SS91 OUN }S9 21}S/a1 a] enb enbipui no I
[SZ:91:g ‘neq-eubedwueu) eueig] ‘sa}siAqqo| se] uns sJuewouBissuei Sep e1121}X9,p
je Sou9Jeu9o) sap aule} ep enbuoonb e Isule jueyewsed ‘oulewes Jed sinof /
‘nof sed saineu pz uelpeues 91jqnd ne ajqisseooe JuoWaja|duo9 21SI6e1 2] e1pual
ep issne siew ‘oUBI| US JUEW9JO81IP Jo sles} SUeS 191}SIBaIU8,S ap sea}siAqqo| xne
Jueuwanes UOU JeWJEd ‘JeuJ9]jU]| INS EpeUeD AlJSNpu],P BUL}A e] Se IND ‘siBa}eNS
as 07 ‘onbiuo198j9 SIOA Jed syle} jUOS sjusWAasIBelUue sep QOL “dg6 ‘inof
80 VY ‘SANEJNSIUIWPE 998919, anb isule soueJedsued} e] Jounsse,p Ue }OUIS}U],|
Jasiiyn,p eyoedeo eou jse JeuBnos e issne sue ef enb jueuoduui yulod un
: WAISAS NP $9992,P 9]I|98] E] e SINSeW 26e] uN SUP sejqenquye
JUOS S9A8|9 UOI]}EAI@SGO,P xne} Se) ‘uUoyesiueBlo eunp ejduo9 9 inod sajsiAqqo|
SEP IOS ‘SJ219]UI p SSusJep ep sednoJb ap je JeJon] Inq Sues suonesiuef1io,p Saiaunwel
sjueabulp ÿ9£ je Ssouejes SejsÂqqo| 10€ ‘SISU09-Se]sÂqqo] G8/ : LOOZ Sie 91
9] seuisibesue jueleje ‘saysiAqqo; Sep juoWeusIBalue | ep 291HJ)e1Ip E| UO[ES
UOI}N929X9 J9 UOIJEAIBSGO ‘LL
‘JUSUUSIAUOO UOIN98X9,P SOUISIULIEU
sa] anb sjnop sues JS2,9 ‘Uoq JS2 UOIJEMeSqO.p xne} 98] PUeEND ‘UONN98X9,Pp SWSIUPIEU
Se] J89J0JU9J Bp SUOSIEJ Sep E UO ‘UoNeMesqo] ap uejd a] INS sewejqoid sep euesqo
UO | IS : 2SJS8AUI Uoee1 US BOS enbjenb us juoS suorjou xnep sed ‘107 E| JUSAISSO
sa]siÂqqo] sa] enb eyuos use ale} INOd Sn5uo9 JUOS 107 | Bp UOIN98x9,p SEUSIUPIEU S8|
‘JUBWE|GWIS Sa] : 81/9 JS 107 | Bp UOIEM9SO,] 2 UOIN98X9,] 21JUE UONE91 27
[0L:6:/ ‘SieAN uos/er] ["**] sewusiueBio senne,p
juayuesaidei Inb saisunwai saysiÂqqo| xne sed juepuedes enbijdde,s eu Jezsu09
eWgW 97 ‘107 E| © JUBWAWIOJUOD ‘SJIOSUI UBIG }@ [eq JUOS So9AId S9J9190S sap
S]919]}UI S98] JUBWAAI}Oe JUSPUaJap Inb uonesiueBlo eun,p a}dWOd 9} inod saysiAqqo|
sap je sauejes sajsiAqqo| sap ‘sjlasuod-sa}siAqqo| sep uednid ej anb suoÂo19 SNON
[Gt:SL:8 ‘uewaas4 UUeY] ‘181s1Baiue,s ap jJUsWUa|dUUIS 1no} jUaHI|Hau saysiAqqol
ap dnooneeq enb sasued e jueUuUOp ajjalouUe}SUODIIO aANn9Id aJuepuoqe 9UN 8JSIXE ||
[SZ:60:61 ‘InNeg-eubedweyy sueiq] jusesjsibaiue,s saysiAqqol
Se] ‘09)20dS91 uelq Sel} JS 107 e| enb suoyezsuoo snou ['‘'] ‘ajquiesua,| sueq
NOILNOAXA LA NOILVAYASEO — IHLSI934 171
L 141IdVH9
B spats € sunt EG na
SOO VORSENG & UE
NE DR ere ro TSU 20D à Ann
ry Abo aomdKnsc. od ur Bp A ORD WS à
Tale np ET IT ARR og ET Ba ie a
3
ARID RONG? 2 604-4 oF) 2
RO SANS Sotiuo sep Old : i
7 a ey El 1. rod sy “GQ? sap lus: ste,
| :
ane fes Lo ap oc ie . Cr. 80 En ls paus qu ive uno rants y 7
Pe PS Eire sey 5 ÉQRER NO) suv OVOP arene HEIL ad, a] |
TM ER. GPA so + °c "ne EL HOt Tig SiO TH uae
PLIES 7 es = TRAE SoyeiEs sapiQgty se Yanks
DSP 4 our Syed » con yos eden oies Mo Pt sur tll =a
ELU ie a A Sap AD oe x eet ee Se ae. Bl EL sR Juana A
FEU eus uc, spé Os eye Baue Sloudbi a en neg +4
SIME) HE dotées “serrdou à ONG Sr NOR: “See NOUNS SUOY ORE Even “oe
iB sde ‘ SUM ASe SA) | M PUGS RIE eS à sh « SRYERML 50 ed x 7 |
que aires) eu ae it's Ct AMÉSESIUBE Te Sup (ES PLVE La) ar seat sage | |
L er Je, (SORT te sy Or. Sve. Jonge SANS | fig «
-
a
Le
ax
| | SERA à.
hi ET gl euep Sg) Pa VE anu ane pws oF Papi ur su REA el oh
| RAIN Uh Us jesune 90-60 Sendai Sun Su? ho Fe EURE SE
ie Le rs CAE a Suisegr LA au SBP Guise] uns sail ORAL af
BUS DIE soy fr: aes 2 Bure gioAe qed PUR EN af BnbSial ee) ,
| MON ane voue, «+ on SENTÉD De wel sles LP long SN Oh
"BAHIA MADAME vac aes ‘oh muds ne LME VS TR Cut} tp ay
F5 100) Way ABU! :a,) Age era het A aR Petrie: +5 und RTE *
ti Fe COLE tabs cé cusjerenesuient 82 UOUPLENX. Lies anrenl
BPOHP ANE ‘ $5) WEA Sas 90e 4 MERE EEE “M (
oy ered ENST" sé rd Es) = a F
PUSS MURS Bie SURO
gp SOR ARS SEUL Lis VS MERE ie “boast ch
i abige nus: buparpes MBSE. Gay SNS SUR: rsamiene’ aout 2 tete sf ça
Pmbomense Liliane qe bucceqnie ous acre up. RATE SU |
quboe Mio Des bine laigerwoLeubaus 2) 1 CIPÉOBMIOUN Ex
“ye i) frente er ie OOH a hack een gee DEEPA. x
i
È Fi
ogee Wh,
te Tt LL Re:
hea
+ at
“epnys,|
e @NqlujJUOD JUO Inb SUIOWS} XNeIqWOU Se] JUBWAESNaINEJeYO 99/88] SYWOD 27
‘107 e] 9p uoNeodde | ap sjoadse sejjne,p enb isule uonsenb e|
Jaulwexe 1nod d}IWOD e] Jed asideujue apnja,| ap JeyIJoud ap unuoddo je18s ]I,nb stew
‘SONI Sep jesod epouod 2729 enb 211019 ep UOSIeJ SUNONe yeAe,u |Inb enbipul
e ‘aJIWO9 ne aia} ES SUEP ‘AJ}SIUIL 27 ‘SJUESIJINS ]S9 UON9EJJUI eewnsaid aun saide
sue xnep snjd ne jno} sooefus juelos aewuwuos ainp9s9oid ep SIOA Jed seynsinod
sa} enb jueebixe uonsodsip e| Is jueweialnaiued snd ‘uonn9exe,p suonisodsip
S98] SUJO9U09 JeyOUEd aS e 9JAUI 9J9 © SYWOD 2] ajjenbe] ins uonsenb anne oun e
-Jnof
e xuainowep e1sIBei ne souBisuoo sjuewueufiesusei sa] anb Jeinsse ss inod BulAqqo|
op SaJIAN9E sine] (SIOW XIS Se] SNO} NO) UE] SIO} SUN JSUWHHUO9 E S|I9SU09-S8)SIAqqO|
Se| jUeWjUI uonIsodsip oun jueynofe ua 107 e| JaIpoWw ep ejqejleunos je),
ILS JOIPN}E,P SYWWOD Ne gspuewsp e ajsiulw 27 ‘aljgno sloped se juiod 29 ‘BuiAqqo|
ep SHANE SUN, Uj e] Bp slidwoo A ‘uonezejoep es op juawebueyo no] ep sinof 0€
S9] SUEP ANSPSIIP 8] SWJOJuU! [lesuod-a}siAqqo; unnb abixe 741 El quawaljanjoy
‘SII8SU09-Sa}sIÂqqo] se} jUeYONO} suonsenb sep ins auod juswejeBba e spnje
‘uolesiueBio aun.p ejduuo9
| Inod saysiÂqqo] xne sejqeordde SuoheBiigo se] sauejes saysiAqqo} xne Jenbidde p
SIGEVIEYNOS }S8 [LS 11018S Bp uoysenb e] JeuILuexe op ao) 27 ‘JUeIoesuos A S|! nb
Sdus} 3] eHodui ned ‘BulAqqo| sp sayanoe Sop juediexe sa/ojduse se] sno} ep isi
e| 4JUS}UOS 7e Sypoefqo Xnediould ses 1euwnsai Op UOHeIe|jOep eB] seo uonesiuebio |
inod suojebigo,p eues aun eHjuewowu 2 e JUeuouejoue ss ‘seo a] 189, iS
“eAojduse nes un,p sajjeo ep (QOL ‘d 02) gjuevOdUw! alied aun ajueseidel sokojdwe
Se| SNO} Jed Se991exe SUO!}OUO} Sep /eJo} a] IS anb 2110}2611qo jse,u uonesiuebio
eun,p ejduo9 9 Jnod sajsiAqqo) sep juewensifaiue] ‘sunayie 124 (Buikqqo| op
S9JAH9E sep e sdwa} uos ap QO} ‘d Oz ep snjd aioesuoo eu eAojdwa unone Is ‘xe ‘d)
unone no Se{ojduse sinaisnid Jajsibeiue,p enue} esj@ ouop yned ajesow euuosied
eun ‘BulXqqo; ep sajaAnoe sep e sdwe} ina} ep QOL doz suiow ne juaioesuoo
S|S juouejeuuosiod jJensieiuss juealop seuees saysiAqqo; seq ‘(001 ‘d 02)
SUONOUOJ Sep « ajueuodul aiyed » aun }OS ‘eau 8] se uonesiueBlo eun,p a]dwo9
e| JNod sa\siAqqo| sep no souejes sajsiAqqo| Sep seo 9] SUEP JNSYyOUs|DEp jUSWAIA |
: SOJUBIOIIP JUSWd/EI}Ue}Sqns jUOS JUBWAJ}sIHalUe,p seoueBixe sea] ‘seo xnep sel
sueq ‘932 ‘Suolj209 ‘senbidoijueliyd sajaioos ‘sajeoipuAS suonei9osse ‘sdJeWIWOO
ap Soiqweyo ‘suoleiosse Se] }0S ‘« suoNesiuebio » sa] je « sejJeloW SauUOSIEd »
$9} 9JJU9 UONOUNSIP SUN je} 107 e7 £suonesiuePlo eunp ejduo9 ae inod saysiAqqol
xne sajgeodde sejñai sa] sauejes sajsiAqqo; xne Jenbijddep ajqeyieynos |-JS3 e
& 218JSIUIUU
aug | SUEP Sjg1ajuI Sep jue/e BALI 1n9J98$ Np jUaljo Un juewusje6se ajuesaidel ajje
IS 919]SIUILU UN 19/8SU09 ejje-ned asiidesjUS SUN : SJ9J9JUI,P JIJUOD 38 SJJERUSPHUOTD +
&esudeue] ap S4n99{qo je synq sep sjuleye,| ins sejueyodui
suoissnojedes sep no eoueplou: eun sone yned BuAqgo, aj enbsio] jueuuensiBaiue,
Jebixe issne uO-eJAEep ‘SeWIS) SaJjne,p ue ‘jjeyjenb suas UN JOAe ISSN e[8-JIEJA8P
‘ako|dwe un,p suonjouoj sep QO} ‘d OZ Sulow ne jusajuaseides BulAqqo| ap se}iAnoe
se anbsioj jueweusiBaiue, a6ixe ajje,nbsind eajeyueNb 358 Inb ‘ejjengoe sAnoeuIp ET e
: Sepuelpne se] juene sesodoid 97e jualene In] sinaisnid ‘suneile 184 ‘sanÿu09a1d
SO9pl SUES SUIOW®} Se] npuajue E JO) 87 JE) Ep sonbuod sap juewueddo|sA9p
ep snsseooijd np sjedse xneiquiou ep JNs jueleuod suoissnosip Se] JUEINP SeAejnos
sjuiod ap dnooneeg ‘100 IEWU Je Sue aijUe Seouslpne Ses NUS} E gILWOD 81
UOIX2J91 ap SeweyL ‘p
“epeuey aU}SNpUI.P
JeuJejU] SUS 9] INS sles SUBS 9118} OS juaanad seeuuop Sep UO!}e}|NSUOD e] je eNbiUdIe|9
JuoweusiBeiue] ‘JUBUISOUOI Se] sjuaweubleasuei xne seooe JUeWoBIE] J!OAe,p
uonendod e e amewied ap je sa}siAqqo| sep Juouwuensifelus | JeyIOe} ep UYY
‘uonduoseid ap sed ajsixe,u || Sejjanbsa] unod ‘uolesnooe
Us aSIW ap SIOA Jed sayinsinod sep e nel] JUSUUOP SeAeIH SUO!}OeIJUl Seq] “UOI}OeJJU!
oounsald e| saide sue xnep snjd ne jno} seeHbebuse aJje JUBAIOP as!eLULWOS a1np2901d ap
SIOA Jed saynsinod se ‘sineduiou no xne} sjuswWaUBlasues S2p JUNO} NO UOH}Oe UI SUN
jeuuwos enbuoainb e sauled sap 1esoduui e ayjiqeu, 211 ‘}uewe1SIBalus p Seepouu sel
JUueU199U09 S]UIOd SUIEL99 119112/99,P UIE SIAC SEP JIUINOJ E Jo UONeJ21dIeJUI,P Sune|INq sep
Jayqnd e jusweje6e esuojne| 107 27 ‘se}siAqqo) xne sjuewassiqiejoe sep JapueWAp je
S]JUSWUBUBI@SUBI Se] JOGA JNSd 1n8]981IP 27 ‘SUOISI991d SEP JIUINOJ BP NO SUOIJDSIIOO SO}
Jouodde.p saysiAqqo| xne spuewWwap |! S8JU8PIAY SUOISSILUO SEP NO SUO!}OIPesJUCD sap e A
ILS “SulejO JUOS S]JUBLUEUBIBSUdI Se] IS je Side UBIG 2] JUO SaJIe|NUJO} SO] SNO} IS SIJLIDA
U019911Q{ E] 2p [euuosied 87 ‘DYN ke] & S99lJUOD JUOS ajonbue eun jUeySSEeD9U suonsanb
sa] ‘ajeanbue ase} e ayiqey sed jsa_u |! ‘107 | ep NUOA UX ‘sajsiAqqo| sap juswa,}siHelu~a,|
9p UONODIG E] 9p 9}9} E] E SA INE}OOIIP 97] “OllQnd asjsiHes UN 4sIUd} ep ja Sjueweubiasuel
Sep uonebinaip e] e SeANE]91 107 e| ep SUONISOdsip sa] Janbijdde,p 261euo jse ‘(elsnpul]|
9p SJISIUILU 8] OS) epeue) np [eJouof euensifai a] sed subisap ‘inejoeuip UA
‘UON9EJJUI SUN.P Je, JUeSIe} WOddes
ne jueWeE4 2] IeUUOp Op enb syns e; snjd uou sed esioaid eu je UOHOUeS eunone
HOA au 107 e] ‘SIOJa}NO] ‘Juoweel4 ne asodep 15e Inb ‘wodde un eunpoid je ejenbue
aule} OP || ‘JUIOIJUS sje e saysiAqqo| Sep 2po9 9] enb 211019 ep Se|qeuuosIe] SJjoWw
sap e IS ‘Sa|Bai xne uoroeJui eeuinsaid ap Sed Us JIUSNeaJUI © 2}|IqeU }S8 || “Sa}sIAqqo|
Sap 2p09 ne SUOIJ2EJJUI Se] ANS JaJanbue,p e61eus Se enbiyje ue 1ejlesuo9 27
‘SUOIENJIS SOUIRJI99 SUEP SJAINS e 21Np2901d
e| salejap uode} ap asououa sajsiAqqo] sep apoyD 27 ‘sesideid SeUWIOU Se] UOU SIeW
‘sj098fgo je s}nq Se] 21puioye p Juenoued 21pe9 ae] juessijqe]e sediould seq ‘sasi9a1d
Sa|591 ap SIAINS JNO} uns] e juos INb ‘sediould ep suas auN e]insue JUSUUSIA ‘2]x2]U0,
| }8 21J9,P UOSIEJ ES JUESUOUS BjNquesid un Jed sjngep sa}siAqqo] Sep 2p09 27
‘Bulqqol
ap SaJAN9E Se] 2918x9 Inb uonesiueBio] ep jueeBuip Jaiwueid ne je euejes eysiAqqol]
ne ‘|lasuod-a}siAqqo] ne equiooul apoy ne 18WOJUO9 es ep uoneflqo, 7 ‘elBojouoep ap
2p09 un,p uoneBnaip ap Safe ses wposse e 1813 Jelueid 9] aja e epeue, 97 ‘sa1siAqqo]
se je uonendod e 2818 suOHOeJaJUI sine] SUep ejesepe, enbijand abseyo ap sauen
xne juequooul Inb suoneBijgo sep eluede1uo9 e] jSe sajsiÂqqo] Sep 2p09 27 ‘e|219p8]
onbijand ebieyo ep sasiejnyi} Sep 9841 juenbiuntutuos Inb sa]siÂqqo| Se] SNO} J9L1OJUO9
9S JUsAIOp jenbne sasi/Âqqo sap aiBbojojuoesp ap apoy Un 8JSIXS |! ‘107 e| 210
‘0918X9 159 BulAqqo] 9} jUop UOdSe} e| NO sa}siIAqqo] se] Je}USWE|HeL
sed uou ‘aouenjul UN 189/8X9,p BNA UB SEydIeWEp se enb JenBINAIP puejus.U 107
e7 ‘anbijgnd eBieuo ep a1ien}} UN 98e J9811p UOIJEDIUNWWOD Bp NO J98]U09 Bp SBUWWOJ BUN
NS JUO SILS JUBWAEINES Je1SIBeiue,s ap snus} ouop juos Sa}siAqqo| seq ‘jueweusanoG np
SUOISIOSP S8[ JBDUSNJUI_P JUBWA}DaJIP jueque] INb seuuosied xne juswenbiun snbijddes
111 JesjsiG6esua,s JUsAIOp UONeJQUNWI 84]U09 BulAqqo| np juoy Inb seuuosied Sa] saines
Jeo ‘Bulkqqo| sp se}ayoe se} seyno no salsihqqo| sej sno} sed eqojbue,u 107 e7
‘SJueWeuBlesuel Sep 2]99|109 e| ayjIoe, xnesoue6
SSOUOUS,P J8 8/Q4]UOD Bp Sais] Ep UOHESINN,7 ‘107 eB] ep UOeRsIUIWPe| ap ajUeIBelUI
olyed aun juanysuoo salfai se] je seue|NWO} sey ‘aulejUsW9|6e1 SWUO) e] auAINS jUeASp
d|WINO} B SJueuweublesues se7 ‘HuiAqqo] ap seynoe sina] ap uy e] JUaWWEIOU ‘uonerejoep
B| SUep SNUEJUO sjUusWeUBlesual sep jUaWeBUeYO no ep 1neJ)eup e| JesAe e Je
UONE1E[98P SUN SUEP SJUSUWSUPIESUS] SUIEUE9 JILUNOJ e saysiAqqo] se #Blgo 107 271
“eAojdus jnes un,p Sal89 ep (QOL ‘d 0)
aueyodul elued sun ajuaseides sefojdue seal sno} Jed S999/9X9 SUOIJOUO]
SAP 1210} 9| IS yo BulAqqo] np wey eAojdwa un suloW ne Is Jeon] uou nq e uonesiueBio
eun,p jueebuip Jelweid ea jos ‘uoyesiueblo eunp ajdwoo a nod ajsifqqo; à +
-InaKojdws |
ep wou ne Bufqqo| ne seioesuod jSe (001 dOz) suonouoy sep ejueodul
sed aun juop ‘ajesow auuosied eunp efojdue un yos ‘auejes ajsiAqgo/ | e
‘JU9I]O un,p wou ne HulAqqo| np je, Inb suuosied e] jos ‘Jesuo2-eysiAqqo] a]
: SaJsiÂqqo] ap sadA sion j0A91d 107 27 ‘2SheuoqUI
o1sIBo1 unp ueAow ne soqnd snpues juos sjuswaubiesues sag ‘sjueuieubiesuel
SUI21199 Jenbinaip e je Joujsibeuua,s e ego Sej 107 27 ‘199U8nNHUI Se] ap Joe}U9} Bp Ue
gjesepe) enbijqnd eB1euo ap seulejny} Sep 284 jUSNbIUNWWOD ‘uoneieuntwei jueuusAouw
‘nb seuuosiod Sep ju] SLWWLUOD SIUJep jUOS SaysiÂqdo] Se] ‘107 e] Bp SUI XNY
aW93SÂS np ajquiasua,p enna ‘€
‘Suepuodse1109 seBejueAe Se] 11}J0 SUBS UOIEASSAO, P
Je UONEJNSIUIUPEP SIN09 sep uojejueuuBne sun jueeiduuIs }eJeUlesjUe ‘21IBJ}U09
ne ‘no oouoedsuer] epuelf snjd eun sje} Se] suep yeseinsse uonefnaip epuelb
snjd oun Is Jones ep ejueuoduu! uorsenb e] judse, 2 juepief ue (BuiAqqo] ap soubedweo
ap e1pe9 a] suep Saasuedep SeWLWOS sep NO selesoUOY sep UOEBINAIP e| ‘aduexe sed)
uoneBnaip epues6 snjd aun,p uneAej ue SEPUBWAP SE] JUSLUSAUERE gIpNje E !.nb enbndo
ayeo suep JS2,9 ‘107 e| ep sjijoelqo spueib exgenb se] eue 18jSIXe }Op nb eiquinbe |.
Jej)edse] ap jueÂesse US SUOIEPUEWILUOIEI Se] JON|EAg,P AUS} UOP E JON 81
‘SUOIN}ISUI SOW OW
S99 B S9992,p 9u9qI] e| E aJOe}SqO je} OS nb sues suonnjhsu! S89 Sp saidne eouenjui
aun 199/0X9 e BYDIEYO INb JIOAeS 9p ayliqissod e] JIOAE JUSAIOP uonendod e] je enbijqnd
oBieuo ap sellein]} Se] ‘sadiouud seo ap NYOA UZ ‘anbijqnd ebieyo ep seieiny} sep
seidne Bulkqqo| ep seyanse sep aywii69| el je SyqNd FSU] SUEP EX] OP SUOIMNSE
xne s900e,p 29qi| e| ap eoueuodui| NUUODSJ E nejelsife| | ‘1171 el ep enquesid
9] Suep sediouud suleyso juswalejoO JUBÈUOUS UT ~SEeEN|eAQ 91}9 S2/8-JUSAIOP
Suolepuewwoves seo sediouud sjonb uojes sieyy “sejqissod suoreloeuwe xne
juenb sayiej 938 JUO IN| SUOIEPUeLUWODAI SiNaisnid je ‘jenjoe ewa}sAs Np JUsWSUUO!}OUO}
np jefns ne xneioeid sebeubiows} sap npusjuse e S}IWOD 9] ‘euuel} ou 2/89 END
‘apn}e,| ap 21pE9 8] JUsWAUIeE|O 2p10q2p jelns 9] slew ‘ejqeyeunos sed }I219S OU 29
enb jueyne 1nod sed aijiubis eu inb 90 ‘seurezuewened se] inod $}eJ9}UI,P }I|JUOD OP Bpod
un 19919 9p uonsenb |I-}S98,u oddes juaseid 9] Suep Wed anu enb uosies eue 9}}90
Jnod 159,9 °$}9@J9}UI,P SJIJUO9 Se] jueSSIBa1 BpOD 9] SUeP Ses}lei} JUOS See nbsind spnje
9J]0U ep seuod e] jualessedep ‘HulAqqo| np ale} ep anbijqnd abseyo ep seen} Sulepeo
e ]IPIeJUI SO |! apenbe] jueunp ‘Jepueu-saide,p Uo1911S81 ep epouod e] BUULUOD suorsenb
SOq ‘111 2] 2P JUSWSAN99JJS JUSIEAS|OI S8J[8 IS JI0AES ep uonsenb e] esod psoge,p }sa,s
SIILUOD 9] ‘SUIOUIS] Se] Jed JUeAe| BP SeSIW Suoisodoid Sep uolenjeA9] 2p S107
SUOHPpPUEULUO991 S9P UOI}eN|eAQ ‘’Z
‘SUOISSNISIP S29 JUBINP S9A8NOS
s]julod Sa] SUONEPUEUILO981 Ses SUep sSudei Sed eu a]W09 8] ‘117 e| Bp sed jualengjas
ou Senyeqep suonsenb seuleyiao enb juelosuon ‘seyndep se] Jnod SJ218JUIP JIJUO9
8p 2p09 unp uonea19 e] enb Isule eHueyoss ep suonn|os Se] je enbiuje ue 18/I8SU09
np uoneuIuWou ep snsse9oid 8] : 2[91 90 e Seal] Suosenb sep 1nS suorepueWuluo9el
op je sebeubiows} ap ajqesepisuod elquou un npuajue e d}IWOD e| je ‘epnjo
9p 91PpE9 9] SUEP JUdsWATIeLed JJOSULS 7117 | ap SAWUd} xne enbiyje US Ja||IaBSUOCD np 201
97 ‘SUON9EIJUI Soounsald Se] JO (SJ218JUI,p S}I]JUOD Sa] juessiBai BpOD 9] ajedde saide-19)
Jepueu-Seide] J9 SJeJaUIP SJHUO9 Se] BUJBDUOD INb ad ue enbijgnd abieyd ap sauejnjy
sap ajinpuod ej juessibas apod np uonjeojdde| e jueweAnee1 enbiuje Us J9]|I2SU09
anb jue} ue euwunsse |Inb Inj89 ap JoUNSIP }SO 21} 29 E 2/91 UOS ‘anbiyje Us 18[|I2SU09
9] ISO Juejuosaidei 29 ‘(saysiAqqo] Sep epo9 e] saide-19) saysiAqqo/ sap alBojoyuoep ep
po) ne nueAeljuos e un,nbjenb enb 811019 ap syow sep e A 1 nbs1o] ayenbue eue inod
Jueuosoidei un,p enb Isule awuaysAs 9] Jeusiuiwpe inod sajsiÂqqo] Sep jJuowe1sielue,
ap 1N9J981IP UNP UOIEUILIOU E| 21}N0 US JIOA91d ||} ‘UON2EHUIP Sed Ud saynsinod
Sa] je Sejonbus se] juessiBba sayjepou se] anb Isule souled se] jueweje6s 119s91d 8113
‘Sa]siÂqqo| Sep JUueWe1ySIBaiue | jueuisouo, sajeBe] suoneBljgo Se] ]1q218 747 27
“SOUNWWOD Sap 21queuT)
e| op aiHbojouyos} e| ap je SeoUsIOS Sap ‘alJSNpUI| ap JUsUeLUJEd B}ILUOD 9] Jed anjosye
(107 e| NO 7137 e| eejedde saide-1) sajysiAqqo; sap juesweajsibaiua] INS 107 e| ap ‘sue
eujenb seide ‘udwex9a| ap saayjie}ap SuO!}e}e}SUCD se] euuop YOdde juosaid 27
apn}9,] ap ainBsaAuQ ‘L
NOILONGOULNI
7 =~ - 2 RUE En Mn re
a - one 2 sr 4 oe a
Û . Zi 7. 4 7 eee ie See oe CO :
¢ 7 ' = æ :
4 : _ : i= | Re
wi 7 7 : as > i : æ, ri or LA
sayin Deuthut Bluth nus
$803 nvLS:Ja1N06 a ane Fate ny 19 RAISON ap Uh pr ie
DS mea TW), SUISSE ONE ; ae ¢
a ia BATE SOREN ihanriodt asile Ah ome ‘dale Br ae
Lawerc sh oI “we ss uË AUepeuRS Ad Si on Joue res
or
re da eae eet iy sue Estiigrart
Bet 7 ee is GORE HEHE tet 14m
im gr ICE DRE fer he Ales de a ee
Rha De ie hae Bs ‘sae Fae HS nues ate ar
LE LOT ue Sk hee HOME ay nist Ps (Field Ga
Wipte oi. pet GOAN Ce) emma ets tere vain Heaton
us NSS RUE net qe ENS Botte das i, xa bus
MéebéCISe, Hee SLEIIOLSNOUS SOUL Gijee boeeipjes, yer Lou, gd sAMreL az
Fiopestaajon qs (& For Gel NUE soe degenou g Isdneye: ‘SOU Sor Sugg EEE
HG? en) SB): qe y SEP 19 BUS nde) abhi J ae ToUIOC 1 Tei 314614 ag sine
bete (AOÛ 4) JoAU WWenatues AD Sie EI fits is FJIAROY à OA Baht
DAS Reto HE ine Ge Me DH CRE pee “hoe
1 sali. af gee “a + Hi ieee 4 [ Kia “Er He LE pao
Met Bis en! ‘se Sites 5H Ve ' AO site Fu AE San dee 4
BPEeAGHY SMB tat) RAS dey Bay eu aE Sn PRE : NE : BR SDEeu'e jer
gnbibé GS ne) wivre(oue! 9; 96 doi où qiecns sxacrwieur sonic Su bOSUT ne
SCUAYGS Yyrlong, UNI 260 CouUenysuE ASHORE RG; 2 COBB SECON Ase: COEULNE Gal RAE
ge [Ur RTC Oger plo QU) OY Cee SaMletdie ed pp ‘HOCRICLUS ORCOONDUNG ETES
1 GORE ponts Le den a Hy Lonhoneanr EO NSN Sais GB PSUR GES MT EEE
L MASS -QeyoophoDoy- Dep NRC EU ad Sep Reugua ele) eee eine7e ROS
ALAA SIGNER Er quo (Prat ET pie CRE Gone
So OA Sunny quien once angers SAP ap Sno agia LRU GSM
ChpoUp area jae rincer UE) MEGAN peeps apety DED QE GR RSS je
| fier Phy 04° SEC POS Gee oR SEE a NST eee, EAU RaGAP ES
FSi WAS (SP POCO. yo LAP 00 tebe ese oT BE UMN Ie! Fano Gu ES ol
| ee ap tneicdsbs2\c DonaUAUT eee qeattepphetis Get chovideeNE
nr sde auesér CO EN TGS NEA ©)
| CIRE caine LOG AP Barris ad NE WAWISGMNOS Re Use Ps ru
jt po ne ae Wah: SINR 7 i OTA i ju 186 JA sant
VA L A ft) a!
Pat oly" j
a ia
ae, Bt ee 4
Wied
eed }
‘|SUUOISID9p SNsSSa901d Ne S299 JUaIE SUBIPeUeD Se] SNO}
anb 8110S Ud ale] Bp SJIp-e-}S9,9 ‘nel np sejHe Sa] JesIWWOJIUN,P jueyeuwed uorneBInAIp ap
9168p 9] JOANOJ Bp 158 9NOIIp 27 ‘esoddns eje9 enb jeyjsiulwpe }]n09 9] ‘JU21P99p Sa]
nb xneo Jnod ‘syueweufisesuel Sep UONEUHIJUO9 e| BP JO UeWEXE,| AP ‘2]98/[09 e| AP }N09
9} ‘JuoweueAno a] Nod — awWay}sAs np $}NOd se] JeduwH ye18, uonewoquip eBezuenep
J8WE[99} “UONCWIOJU] SUUO{ E] 1IU2]{O,P JUue}e jUeHOdUUI| ‘asneHbeyuere juowelesse9eu
sed jsou ayjuenb e7 ‘esouo enbjenb uanbipul « juelenod » sjl no seo ne ‘jJuezsixe
si,nb e9oed juewenbiun sjuaweublesues sep sebixa sed eu ‘sdue] owewW ue ‘sie
‘aouaiedsuelJ] e] 1a1nSSe 1nod ajueSIJNs SJuewaeuBiesuel ep eyjuenb eun,p uoneBnaip el]
oBixe /07 eB] enb 99 e JellI8A ‘puoge,p : Sueyodui sypoefqo xnep exue e1quinbe un 111q4239,p
soueyodui | 11dse] e 2pief e a]lWO9 8] ‘JUeAe| BP SESIW SUONEPUEWWOI91 SasNnaJqUOU
Sa] JONJEAS,P JUSUIOW NY ~SE|qISSOd Sa]j2-JU0S SUOI}eIOI|aWUe Soq ~£99}0edSaJ 9]/9-}S9 /07
e7 ‘9]9UWe JS, SUWOD 9] ajjenbe] e uonsenb eune aun jsa 107 e] ep UoneAesqo, 7
‘XNn2J1au0
dou} 9]IUOJUO9 ep suusiueosw UN SUES SONA ap ajjeinid ejqeueA eun ejqissod puel
a1si5ai 3} ‘e]d09 ap uly UW ‘epnje] e senbijod ap suondo sep ja esilusued} UO!EWOJUI |
op 99pl euuoq Sal] BUN JIOAe jned (sa\siAqqo] saine Se] ‘npuajue Usiq ‘Je) 91qnd
2] ‘JUeWEUIEANOË 8] 9e1e enbiunwuwuo9 Inb jueyoes ue nb sosed juewediuIS ~JIOAeS 9]
ap JUeLOCUII |I-JS8 10nb1ino4 ‘JUueW8J98Xxe 8]n9sIp UO 1onb ap je ‘a1ajsiuIu janb ep saidne
BuiÂqqo] np yej inb 11An099p jned uo ‘eusiBai 9] jueynsuoo ue ‘iny pinoiny ‘SayAn9e
SING] JUSW9AN98/J9 JU912/99p Sa]sIÂqqo] se] anb a1p-e-1S8,9 ‘uondope UOS 2p jJUsWOW ne
oBesiue soudJedsues} ap eue ne juewueoexe WOAINOd 2|j8 : SJe]Ns21 SUoq Bp aUUOP
e 107 e| anb sip snod juewejeiouef puajue,s UO ‘erideuo 29 \ ‘BuiAqqo] ep sayAn9e
sine] juenBnaip sji.nb sednos6 sep je sianoued sep jueoBixe ua juasedsues ouwuesAÂs
8| BIpuas ep jojnid slew ‘— elfe] je ejqejeA syANOe SUN ainowep Inb — BuAqqol
| iaJuoWe/Bal ep sed }IeJ9,U UONN|OS 27 ‘juopo9aid sjueweueanoË se] 2142998 juo Inb
QOUSNI|JUI,P 9121} NE JO SJ18JUI P SJJUO9 SAP E Sal] SeJPpPUEPS xNe 2]opIjue UN SWIWOD /07
e| N5UOD E UC ‘GBI ep Seinafewu sUuoneoyIpou Sa] Sindep je ‘686L US 107 E] ep uondope |
sindep eBueuo juo sajsiAqqo| Sep ajqu 2] je JUSWOUIJBANOH 9] Jed suoIsiosp ep asud
e| ajenbe] suep ainsew e] jSe UONSENb 9J9 e || JUOP jUeyodUuI 1n2J9e}, ane UA
‘JuowauJsAno
ap XNBSAIU SINaISNId JU9SIA Je « INn9H9JUI UO[9U98 » UN e Jopnjd juanoisep es BuiAqqo] 9p
SO}IAIOe Sep yednid e7 ‘}2]7,] 9p S81JSIUILU Se] Sue sed ‘uone/sife] ej no sinsje/sife] sal]
sed uou jueu89u09 — BuÂqqo] ap suoye se] ‘Jueued ‘je — jueweuJeAnoB np SUOISI99P
Sa] ‘oinsouwu efie| sou} aun sueq ‘aysduuis don Jed jso uondu9sep 2799 ‘« s19199$S
Sau9JEUU » Sep 2J/nJ)u09 1nod « SJ98]U09 » sine] juesijn Inb ‘« sjuenyul je sjuessind
se}siAqqo| » ap eepief esseuo e| jueJe eo BulAqqo| 8] zueanos juiedep UC
“OPIIUN 79 BHO} XIOA eun,p — BulAqqo|
NP SE, SJIP-E-1S8,9 — JUSWSUSANOË 9] 984 JaINOsSIp ap Je SJOISSOP Sep JeUILUeXE,p ue
SE[SLISNPU! NO Se|EHISUIWOS SUolEIOSSE,p no oI\qnd J919JUI] ap esuajap ep sadnoib
ep ules ne salbieue sina] 1enBnfuos jueaned Soslidanue sap je sualnoied sap ‘oujno
U3 ‘“9yndgp ing] & JUSAIDA SIInbsJo] ‘aye91 ue ‘SUBIPEURD 9p SJ sep oouue anbeuo
JUO} onb 89 }S8,9 “Senpuajua jUOsS xioA sine] anb JOJNSSE,S ap J9 Jeuuudxe.s sp Hoye) auey
Jnod sednodoeud jueuwuuuesiyns sus6 sap ‘snssaooid np sjeynsel sa] suep J919JUI un jUO
Inb sesudesjue sep no susf sep ‘sayueuaid Salued sa] sed senbiunwwoo isa UOUUOJUI
a9 ‘Senbyjod sep suesiye se] je suneye\si6a] se] 1nod 940d aun sinofno] aNJ}SUOI
Inof @ je sjoexe sjuewauBblesuei ep uonue]qo] je ‘snsseooid 29 e xna1991d snid 5;
yodde | js uoyeuuoqui,7 ‘senbrjod sep uoneloqge|e | suep UONEWIOJUI,| 2p enbnuo 8191 np
9}oljdul souessieuuosei sun sediouud enenb se] suep e A [nb aup 1ned UO ‘eeBueuss
UOlEULIOJUI | SP Binjeu e| ep jo Setulidxe enA ap sjulod sap ‘JueweuisAnof 9] je saysiÂqqol
Se| 94jU9 Nal] }UO Inb Ssuolssnosip sep jusjenai sinb 89 je ewuejsÂs 9} Jed SIUINO]
SJueueuBIesus] Se ISUILUEXS,P 8]NOP SUES JUSIAUOO |! ‘Se ue [Inb 29 e1pusidWuos ueiq
INOd ‘U8lq SUUO!}DUO} SWajshs 8j enb siAe] etwuudxe juo suloWse sep ayuofewu e7
‘SaJIBSSE9OU SUOI}2IE|99pP
sa] sed }u0} ou sajsiAqqo| Sep IS juowuepidei 1101es Bp Jeuued jeuJeju] ‘eau oq ‘Jefns
jenb e je ‘JUaWAUJAANOB 9] DaAe juenexue,s IND sa senbjenb us 18Ano1 ep enbuooinb
e Jouod ja e[qe]}NSuo9 JUsWAJAI}US Se 21sIBai 97 ‘enbiuonseje sIOA Jed suoneJe199p
sine; Jnof e oo je juousifaiue,s seysiÂqqoj seq ‘JeuJeju|p UeAOW ne nel e
SW9W-IN| jueweJsiBaiue, anb xne4 xne aynes |! ‘Pioge,.q ‘}eUI8JU],P 2/91 | JeUILUEXS SUES
sa]siÂqqo] sep juew91sIfalue p swa\sAs np saued ap ajqissOduul }se |! ‘Sues UN ug
‘sonbijod sap uone1oqe|9,p Snsse901d ne Se[jenplAIpul
je Sejoolip snjd dnooneeq suonnquuoo sep e elpusye,s ouop jueanod S8J8}SIUIW
sep sejqesuodseai sa] je sendep se] ‘soouue sauleyoosd Sep SINn09 ne Se, snjd 21o9u8
juoJes juouwuaBueus 29 ap suoisshoiedei Se] je ‘SUOISI99p Sune] Juauusaid sJueuueuJsAnoË
Se| JUOP UE] €] JOHIPOU BA JOUJSJUIP 2OUESSIOI) e] ‘ejgissod ee jnod Inb
oouojedsues} ep a16ep np sejduexe senbjenb enb ej juoS eu 89 ‘|!eAeJ} Bp S}UBLUNDOP
sep awa je senbjod ep sjanuew sep ‘Se9l081Ip seubl| Sep ‘sjuswelbe, Sep
‘1O] OP S2]X9] SOP SISA SUSI] SEP JUSUUSHUON SOJQISIUILU SEP qeAA SOS Se] ‘anbiu0190[9
assoipe je ououdes] ep ojeunu ‘seyjiqesuodsai sine] juenbipul jo 218}SIUIW
unp safojdue sep seaiiejep Sejsi] Sep JU8SSIUINO} qeAA SES Sep : JIUSMSIULP Je
uonejsiuilupe, ap seuseju! sebenol Se] jJUeWSIIE|) 18A1SSGO,P SUiqissod e| 21}J0 }OUJS}U]
‘UawaddojaAep uos 2p SeelylUl Sedeje xne JUBWAINES 758 US |LS eugu 78 ‘SIOJ 218lL91d
eB] INOd ‘ayndep ine] e juewenes sed je ‘end ap juiod Jne| Janbiunwwoo Jueusj}U/ewW
juaAned sua/09 se] ‘uNe}eUuIPso,P SUNOS 1n8| e goei6 — « SUOIjE}NSUOI » ep jleyod
UN GaN SYS UOS SUeP 21JJ0 S18)SIUILU UN SUIOW Ne ‘ejjenjoe eine] e.nb sudde e ayiwoD
a ‘sinallle 124 “anbiuoj99/9 e10A e| Jed suneye|g Sine] EP 181HIN09 ep snid dnooneeq
elap jueniodes sejndep se ‘juewWWeplAz ‘JUaWeUJEANOH | DEAE UO!}EO|UNWLWOD
ap sapow se] je senbrijod sep UOHeJOge|9,| JON|OAE HEJ jouJa}uU] ajjenbe] suep sinsew e|
219-nod 15 SebueYOS SOU Ep 106e6ap es e sjueyodu! snjd Se] sJueuig[8 Sep Un]
‘SQUJ8ANOB ju0S
si jenbe] sed snsseooid ne juewe]qe]i8A1 Jenquju09 JUessind — jueweled4 NP SUI||OD El]
9p 21e LOI} Un, p UOABI UN SUeP jua/jIeAe.} IND xne9 juawaines sed — sualpeue) Se] SNO}
enb aos ua alle} SUOANOd snoOU JUOP 818IUEUW E] JeuIWEX9,p BBe}UeAeP a1ooue BOC! ||
SIEN ‘JUBWSUJBANOH ne assed as Inb 29 ayoes aIGQnd 9] anb syodui || nel 11018 npusjue
U8IQ OP UOISSNOSIp 2129 Is eweu ‘“aNHinaip ap sebijqo 21e juelesAep Se}siAqqo| se] anb
UONEWUOJUI,P ayjuenb e] e jeq8p 9] JeyIwWI] Sed eu e yneAinbe soueiedsuel] e| 21pu81du09
‘Su ‘joins jonb e je ‘ueweueanof ne ayed inb juewuejoexe JeUIWJa}ap JIOANOd
WeJASp oyqnd a} enb sup 1n8A soUsJedsue,} e] ‘81}n0 UY ‘SIA INV] JUBOUSNI|JUI Jo JUBSsIBaL
inb sioj sep joins ne Jewuudxe,s ep aiyeuued INE] 81Ip-8-1S2,9 ‘eideu9 ne XIOA JaUUOP
IN] 18 Bjgisseooe 9119 UNE] ‘sueB se] wed s1dWo9 2132 Op JUsWeUJEANOH np jauuoISI28p
snsseooid 9] anb aiiubis || : aUIepou JUSWAEUIBANOH np 9a}xe}UOD 9] SUBP SajJualayIp
SOSOU9 sejulew subisep eue] #71 4 « eoueledsuer » ej enb 98d-jsa.nb sien
‘oouaJedsue1]
eB} ap ‘snid 9] 2n2-ned euodul Inb 29 ‘je eouenpui]| Bp 2,21 aunyeu e| ap ‘SUOI22/e
Sep JUSWSOUBUIL NP ‘SJ2JOJUIP SII|JUOO Sep ja JUeWeuJeAnoË np ules ne asnbiuje,
9p 2199 np jusWWeIOU ‘seysiAqgo/ Sep JuaWwAaSIBbaJUa,| INS 107 e| Bp ejap-ne usiq seUueW
JUSANOS e SNOU ejenbue a1onN ~Sediouid enenb se ejue eiquinbe ajsnf un sHbeusw
107 €] ‘J210U09 UeId 8e] INS ‘IS JSUIUH9JEP ep aJWON 9} unod ouop Jessifes ||
‘S9992,p 9U9qI| 2789
e e[9e]SQO ale} sed ylop au SeJeunwea saysiÂqqo] sep Jueweysifaiue] enb yeJ | e
‘SUOIIN}ISUI S9S Bp Saidne soUSN|JUI SUN 18918X9 e BYOJEYO IND J101eS ep ayjiqIssod
eB} ayqnd ne je anbignd eBieuyo eunp seen] xne 18p10992p eunyoddo] e
enbijgnd ebseyo eun,p Seuieiny Sep saidne ewusiAqqo] np eye] ej e
‘2}2, 9P Suonn}}sUI XNe S9992,p 9u9qI] e| Jed ajueseid oI\qnd jeJ9}ul,| e
: 107
e| 9p ajnquueaid a] Suep saouous sediouud eenb sep a1xe]u09 8] suep uonsenb e] Syed)
e || ‘UaIq QUUO!}OUO} Sa}sIAqqo] Sep jueWesIfaius p Swa}SAS 8] IS JeUILWIS]9P Bp 22e]
Jnod ju2ÂY “sJaiSsop ap |I2JU8A9 UN }n0} 1nS SeBeuBlowuse] sep npuajue e siew ‘10-xneo e
9}IWI| Sed JS9,S BU S}IWOD 9] ‘SJanoiyed suewee senbjenb uns Jeuyoued es ep spueWSp
ye In| 21SIUIW e| anb usaig ‘awWeW-aja UoIssNnosip €] ep JabeHbap es suonedn99081d
se] juessie; ua ‘ele yepuew unp enbndoj suep seouaeipne ses eploge e 9]u09
27 ‘sajsiAqqo; Sep juawajsibasuays ins 107 e| ep ‘sue asjenb saide ‘Jueweuuorouo]
Np }@ UOHedsiullupe | ap UeWeXa,| SUdaJJUe e SOUNWLUOD Sep 21queu) e| ep siHojouYyoE}
E| op je saeoualINS sap ‘elJSNpUI]| ep JueueWJed 9syWOD e| ‘LO0Z SE UT
ALNAGISSYd V1 AG SOdOUYd-LNVAV
IIIA
CON peer PRAM NU EN N net aatetatecnsvecsstes wayan-sa90ud
> eines. SIODASAND 90119 : SLNAGISSIC NOINIdO
Gens. LNINANHIANO9 Na asNoday 3a IONVAA
DL een SNIOWAL $30 SISI: V AXANNY
[J teint tenet neice ect een SNOLLVGNVINWOO3U Sad JIS
GQ eee need NOISNI2NON
CO eee soulejuawapied sap ajo 81 ‘hp
Qi oljand np uonesilidisues ‘€
QQ eee siuewauJeanoG sel inod yap un ‘Z
Queen jeLJeIUL] ap oAnod 21 ‘|
Lom eee 1 — Pi feel LANYSLNI 13 S399V “ONIAGEOT — NOILVANAOANI.7
30 343,1 V SANODILIIOd SAG NOILVYOEV 11,1 — S SHLIdVHO
QU juaWaUaAnob ne 5299. 18 AUPQUIT ‘p
QG nnnenenennenneeneneeneneenne uonouse ap epoued e] ‘€
ZG een nneeer een yyuoo np uonuengid 87 Z
Geese Res juawiauUosio} 87 ‘L
67" LNANWINHIANOIY NV S399V,1 13 SLAYSLNILG LIIANOI 37 — 7 AYLIdVHO
TN En ti MR DA Este juatjo-inaunoold ayjenuepyuog ‘8
7h nent BuiAqqo| ap seslesouoy sep ajeosy uoHONpeq ‘2
COS) We EE ru en tetas Sh 0 S$ SJUUOHIPUO9 Seule1OUOH} ‘9
IA
Peet hit Kis renee eons
Pier Re eins — Santen hint hee te eae
pein enh et deh cs nmn D i Bi subies RE eee ome een me
ee a ee PR er se phe canals
ACNE Ne AN AR Oe Pees trate Gece oar te
een, te ean ue Ve
ER a La ae
A AE VER re PR SRE ER Re RTE RN A
da NS rt
ARR: Pe SU 7 EE PR ese
ee ICR Nee NRRL sed cE A ee
So gui en te a
sa\siAqqo] xne « eslidaijue p » Sa]sIAqqO] Se] J8IILUISSY ‘L
QU eneeenee unor Y ASIN 13 LNAWAULSIOIUNZ
— S31SIA4901 SAG LNAWAYLSISAYNS]. 1 — @ AYLIdVWHO
QU alleuIWOS e1npeooid ap 8101
Jed sayinsinod se] inod sue xnap ep uondu9se1d ep 1eJ9q (9
Dh nee uonejaidiajul.p seuuelqoid (q
Den anbiuje ue Jellesuoo np ele (e
Dennis uonNn2Xe je UONEMSSIO ‘L
| LPS ER NOILN93X3 LA NOILVANYISIO — 341S1934 371 — L 3HLIdYHI
Qi UoIxaIel ap seeUL ‘h
CEE awialscs np ajquiasua,p ann ‘€
CES SUOEPUELULIODE! sep UOENIEAT °Z
Queen epnje ap eunBienuz ‘|
Greene NOLLONGOMLNI
une 11N3GISAUd V1 30 SOdOUd-LNVAV
S343ILVN SAG 3A1EVL
—
| LE
1 { Pi i =
ac an como oe ms
jOpphisee de one eel 16 Come biesaute.1é
UNdneie’ gee éosucoe 6; qe 19 ISCPLO}OTIE © DLOCENG F [SASNBE SNS MS JF TOON
res, of yaa Jogts) an wetewiauy jé COUN beunevaNt Gi.
nv if ME MEOH
: SOUNLWLUOD S2p a1queu) e] e js Inb yodde
a| aJuesaid aJIWO) 8] ‘seousipne sep nus} J101e Saidy ‘sas/Âqqo] Sep Juewa.jsibaiua,|
INS 107 | ap 21I2Nje)S UaWEXE, e 2p9901d e aiHojOUYd9} e| ap je SedUaIOS Sap ‘,lJSNpUI|
ep jueueuuod aWwOD 92 ‘uewefey np (Z)go, eyudesBbeied ne jueweuojuo9
14OddVä AWAIYLVNO
uos Jajuesa1d ep ineuuou, e
AISDOTONHOAL V1 AG 13 SADNSAIOS SAG
‘AIM LSNGNI.1T 30 LNANVWYSAd ALINOD 371
g. |
phan eano)
‘Tekst Balotns | 3
pme
PARA = petal Ape
| Anehstis (eves
ï
ou
s , +
2 7 a"
-
4 PER
AN Al qu > 7 sa fs
ft LA i Rd : 3
Ka |
| EL
A d 7 x : 7
Là ; rae
LE a La
TR + de
iy ve » 4 “fia ny
4 y's k= a
hia a ie Cr!
Lead Pre a
Kajaly ‘dq 91089
juowaped np anbeyjolgig ‘aulejuawaped 2421949281 AP BDIAIAS
3H943H934 3Q TSANNOSUsAd
sindnq pseyory
31INO9 Nd 43111349
pjo[ng-psiesg audjaoor
Asusio| Apped sieyelsag AyeAeg
Aones Apuy sluued uyor
oyofey sower UOSI1g }}09S
enbee on ue ualg Bald
Buiuuen uosai4 JaBuejeg june
sBuluuer suayeyy yooo|y bay
SSAYEWAWN
UOSUSq alle
eYMaJSE 7] EM
SLNAGISSAYd “ASIA
uejau\\ uesns
31N3GIS3äd
AISOTONHOAL V1 AG 13 SADNSAIOS SAG
“SAIMLSNGNI.T 30 LNANVINYSd 3LINO9
ms : ah pme aps
| ere =.
‘y > fre ré gen. me
Looe ump
oJU9pIS91d
aajndap ‘ue|euyMm uesns
2150]oUU99} | Bp jo S9DUDIOS Sap ‘,SNPUI,|
ap juoueuod 9}IWOND
J1D3IS .IXX NV
S31SIA9907 S30 LNAWSYLSIDSYNA UNS 107 V7
: NOLLVINNOANI.1 3d 341,1 V SONSYVdSNVUL V7
6S0 VIH Bpeued ‘emeno ‘uolIpy — epeued xnejueweuenno saoinies je solqnd XNeABI| : SJU8A UT
69 Ob ed MMM; AU : jeuJeju] sed S9|qIUOdsIp JuOS ay09 np senbijqnd suolunes S9p Suoljduosue]] SOF
‘S81IOWgU S89 Ep elHed eun no 9}je30} e| auinposdes ep UOHesuOyNe| sunayne sine] ap 11U8}qo
juswejeb9 Wop uo ‘ejlo) ne sajuesaid selloweu ep jeiBeju! exe] 9} no SJIE1Xe Sep eWeJUS1 JUSUUN90P 29 IS
JU8PISS1d NP 8}199 UOH}esJO}Ne eun,p ajqejegid ne uojue]qo ajissaoau soune
no S8lEISWLUOS SU Sp E JUSWN90p 89 ep uoyonpoidei ayno| ‘jeuInof ap ewunsai un Jeedeid ue p enA ue no
npuei ejduoo ep ‘enbnuo ep ‘eyoeyoe, ap ‘esaud apnje,p sul sap e Je S8ANEONp9 Suly SEP E jUaLUNDOP 89 ap alyed
SUN no 8}|8J0} | eunpoides ap uonestomne | ‘aquesaid e| sed ‘8p10992 seunWWOD sep eiquieyy e| ep JUSPISeid 27
Looe uinr
oJU9PIS91d
aajndap ‘ue|ouyMm uesns
a1Bo|ouu99]} e] 2p Jo S9DUBIOS Sap ‘a1]SNpuI,]
op juoueuod 9}IWOD
ATOAIS XX NV
SALSIAGEOT SAG LNSAWAYLSIDAYNA. 1 ANS IOT VI
: NOILVINYOANI. 1 30 341.1 V ADNAYVdSNVAL V1
VAVNVO
SANNWINOD S3Q AYSNVHO