Skip to main content <#maincontent>
We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us!
Internet Archive logo A line drawing of the Internet Archive
headquarters building façade.
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Upload icon An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing
arrow. Upload
User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up
| Log in
Web icon An illustration of a computer application window
Wayback Machine
Texts icon An illustration of an open book.
Books
Video icon An illustration of two cells of a film strip.
Video
Audio icon An illustration of an audio speaker.
Audio
Software icon An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.
Software
Images icon An illustration of two photographs.
Images
Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape
Donate
Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses.
More
Hamburger icon An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by
interacting with this icon.
Internet Archive Audio
Live Music Archive Librivox Free
Audio
Featured
* All Audio
* This Just In
* Grateful Dead
* Netlabels
* Old Time Radio
* 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings
Top
* Audio Books & Poetry
* Computers, Technology and Science
* Music, Arts & Culture
* News & Public Affairs
* Spirituality & Religion
* Podcasts
* Radio News Archive
Images
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Featured
* All Images
* This Just In
* Flickr Commons
* Occupy Wall Street Flickr
* Cover Art
* USGS Maps
Top
* NASA Images
* Solar System Collection
* Ames Research Center
Software
Internet Arcade Console
Living Room
Featured
* All Software
* This Just In
* Old School Emulation
* MS-DOS Games
* Historical Software
* Classic PC Games
* Software Library
Top
* Kodi Archive and Support File
* Vintage Software
* APK
* MS-DOS
* CD-ROM Software
* CD-ROM Software Library
* Software Sites
* Tucows Software Library
* Shareware CD-ROMs
* Software Capsules Compilation
* CD-ROM Images
* ZX Spectrum
* DOOM Level CD
Books
Books to Borrow Open Library
Featured
* All Books
* All Texts
* This Just In
* Smithsonian Libraries
* FEDLINK (US)
* Genealogy
* Lincoln Collection
Top
* American Libraries
* Canadian Libraries
* Universal Library
* Project Gutenberg
* Children's Library
* Biodiversity Heritage Library
* Books by Language
* Additional Collections
Video
TV News Understanding 9/11
Featured
* All Video
* This Just In
* Prelinger Archives
* Democracy Now!
* Occupy Wall Street
* TV NSA Clip Library
Top
* Animation & Cartoons
* Arts & Music
* Computers & Technology
* Cultural & Academic Films
* Ephemeral Films
* Movies
* News & Public Affairs
* Spirituality & Religion
* Sports Videos
* Television
* Videogame Videos
* Vlogs
* Youth Media
Search the history of over 835 billion web pages
on the Internet.
Search the Wayback Machine
Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass.
Mobile Apps
* Wayback Machine (iOS)
* Wayback Machine (Android)
Browser Extensions
* Chrome
* Firefox
* Safari
* Edge
Archive-It Subscription
* Explore the Collections
* Learn More
* Build Collections
Save Page Now
Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in
the future.
Please enter a valid web address
* About
* Blog
* Projects
* Help
* Donate
* Contact
* Jobs
* Volunteer
* People
* Sign up for free
* Log in
Search metadata
Search text contents
Search TV news captions
Search radio transcripts
Search archived web sites
Advanced Search
* About
* Blog
* Projects
* Help
* Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape
* Contact
* Jobs
* Volunteer
* People
Full text of "Smallpox (variola)
"
See other formats
TECHNICA % pL r
fees by mS ost
“Te nua ry The
He Pe BF CHO
uomeation
Pieoeans ee ‘of heads ohe. severe po ins in ‘Lumbar region
f the back and fever, This is followed in two to four days’ by
‘ appearance uf a oharacteristic skin eruption, which nrogresses
> successively through the stages of nacule, pepule, vesicle, Bt
and erust uP end in pitting. or scar fornetion, |
Hitoleny:
eS Toe LEeoLoe sah Eeent.of enakipos 1s a: Tilterabley
hag’ <8 present: in sécretions from the month, nose and. throat,
" material from the vesicles.and »vustules ané in crusts of )
with the clinical disease, Virus-nev be present in the roses and
Incubation Period
if uae sa eOELOR period of smallpox is usually Math ng ten
| fourteen’ days from date of exnosuré to the onset of prodrc sa
Py symptoms, It’ may ocadsionally te sonrewhat shorter phen hi devs
as long as sixteen days. N eS)
~ ’ ¥
. Mode of Transmission
Megas: . Transmission usually ocours by direct conecct with
with the disease, - Contects need not be Near but eerial
ml panae is unlikely ex ye over Pare ue oe, oe a. fow wie, Tra
Wee
res end from lesions ors nationts, bac iietae feces “and. urine
Period of Communi cability
A getient is is@actiview from the onset of prodronel
OFS throughout the sosurse of
ts have heen shed. A patient.
re: the vorodrotes and since the virus “is ‘present ‘tn
sa ee. all hove pre ee pa day ates tee on
mis “ ay ca i 4 " f
re) All ’ pa Mil |
; aht a, TOC es
Susceptibility and Immunitv
Man is universally susceptible to smallnox without re= s
eerd to ave, race or sex, “Asva@ rule,’ one’ attock of smallpox Gonzo am
permanent immunity to' future attacks, but second attacks ere said am
to occur occasionally, chicken pox probebly having been conrused i
with smallyox in some of the instances revorted,
Prevalence and Importance ved!
Smallpox is worldwide in distribution, The incidence of t@
smallpox denends unon the number of suscentible persons in the a
populetion. The vnrevelence is foverned by the extent: to which the
members of anv v~iven community have been successfully vaccinated,
omalipox may occur at any time during the vear, bub the incidence
is highest durine the winter and spring. In @n unvaccinated ynovnule
tion, smallinox- is vrimerily a disease of childhood and. tends, to
occur ih epidemic form, In &® »xertiadly vaccinated, population. cae
i” uUnyeeccineted individuals mav, because, of lack, of. exoosure, eseave
Ore Gigcase, but any unvaccinated andavidual, either child or adult
who has not hed smalloox will contract the Gisesse whenever he is >
definitely exposed to the infection,
Ciinical Characteristiss and Diagnosis
Classical se a begins abruptly. ee and a
high temperature varving otveen 1029 and 105° F., and is accompan-.
tea by prostration, ce voniting, headache pad severe pains in |
the lumbar -region of the back, The stage of invesion lests for tw)
tO four davs during which time there may be an evenascent morbil=
tac orn .or scarlatinaform rash, |The typical smallnox eruption
eppecrs on the twelfth to fourteenth, dev. of the infection or bee
mween the second and. fourth davs of the »rodro mm] syviptons, apn
. the appearence of the discrete or. confluent ae ee the tempera-
tare usually falls with symptozatic inorovenent,.. There is
secondary rise in temperature when the lesions, becodme vesicular or
DPustuger, If there are no complications, the temperature willy
. “sully be normal agin bv the “tenth or twelfth day after onset,
moot rhe eruption appears first and most abundantly on face, hands and
Wrists, spreading ravidly within twenty-four hours to include the
Porecaris.. omm and thoroxs.. The abdomen ond legs oreorten only
~slightly-involved in wild cases, “hen the lesions: are verv
-Rmumersus, they may become confluent, producing so-called confluent
Smallpox, In-such sascs the palms and soles are eee involv:
Lesions also occur in the mucous membranes of the mouth, gastro
Tieestindl tract and respiratory troot, On the Tirst day of the :
eruption tiny macules epvear on the skin; they »econe heard shotty |
i Pebules on the second day andon: the third dav develov ints multile) a
i @cular vesicles which usuelly become umbilicated as the disease 1
progresses. On the fifth dav the vesicles begin to become pustular
pohis being Gornpleted by the 7th or Sth day. .Tho vesicles ana
‘isguies are surrounded by cred arcole or inflenetory.gone, _ ie
lesions are. deep seated and have an infiltrated base except when
"the @iseaose is modified by a nartial immunity. “hen the pustules
Bre uncomplicated they berin to dry up ofter the 8th day and
iat
, _ -2= : aay
Bee.
2. «
x =
. “the ‘Wien ase nea frequently. confused ve ope
kon ‘NOx In ehicken nox the various stages Sr
seen ab E tho | same time wherecs in smallvox
in st nee of develonment at toes pone. bins:
veriola’ minor, isnot. unc onmon:® end
“aiftiodity im gicgnosis, | ‘The: sag tein tebe
8 “the seen tL
pee Dia Diognosis| of Snelipox or
eh SOTP Tero C UE oe MALL OR i Gu ee
GASH at
A ee A A A A RR A NN i me le ——
Mapabetion Period: = t. 10. to 1k dave, 1 oe to. 20
a
-
2nd: toi hth dev
Nomad or. necr.
Secondary rise any
a Sa
Pieces bution Bike es Centrifugal
ed mceter: ’ Monomornhous
ciate ‘A number of tyvnes of snaélloox heve been deseribed, |
“Ore, Scvere or clossiecl sacllpox, hénorrhaciestcollpox, elas
“and varioloid, Tie severe forn is still eo»mon in J 9c ‘nh end
ponte i GC. Or veant. Tra Uy oes: cn ntioned srov ons reeteristics
LOL Lows: re | pt Raia
eee clacaiea 11 Gale Pome. Tee ge
pital and stormy pradrondl perio
“hich mey'be Gisercte in ehercctor or so numcrous aha ‘they Ut
Toh ach, whubing or sécrring conrionly occur Pollowing on att .
OL this type ‘of smllnox, A . (a
a pee Cree Ho Orr gia Sutin 2g tne nogt severe
encountéercd, T:. lesions cre inveded by red celis cs
teucecvtes, It is hichly fetel tyne of smollhox, ond
nh hot acne in which this sora predominated.
: ENT REG pe ioe GRLGIBIARUR Umea Soa. aM. Carin s form is OB yh
mon , the ee Stetes and ‘Ter nics ot the oresent tire.)
aildcr in-its aphifestetions than: classigoig
is still orevoelent in the orient. Whether the s
| Cad causes both the scvere end alastrim trnes oF 8:
oGgivey ove to bies-¢ ine’ clinical differcnecs between vari
“(elassical saalloox) and voriole. ainor (akastrim) are not
The disecs¢e is often so,mild thet it ‘is frequently
‘for chicken vox, The srodromnil symptoms are gonerally
SS severe and of shorter duration than those of severe small
e lesions are less numcrous end store dirriculs to dis tine i
ay chicken HOR, |
2 he Vorioloid, Hriskoid 329 6 ‘modifica te 3
ox occurring in persons who cre vartio LMMUAG: CO. sae 11 90%) 28
result of previous veccination, successrunl’ vagcination®
3 been perfornied veirs' before or verv reoently, (In ponent
Se is mildcr than severe snclinox and mav be és mild ass
rim. The lesions anv be few or nuscrous. Vorioloid occurs’
sedly immunc »bersons while clestrim wy oecur in Sopp oeee
Cee individuols, ve pee
GCoapliestions
i The complications most frequently encountered‘ are
me Prow Becondery infections of the skin} noacly, 7
is, abcess formetion, ccllulitis end grngrénc, Pneutonic
the most common resoiratory Complications,
Brestment
oe he creatvent. of snolinox is svmotenditic. There is
© therapy, A libercl dict, plenty of fluids ond ¢
are: esschial in the trontment’ of this) dis ReCRE ee
bie) is, casentiol,: All disshores fron toe
The principe l ob jocti
socondery ‘poeteriod \4
ite ey
mointensnee of clecnliness and control of pruritis by boithing and
encavruritic lotions, Sulfonanide or penicillin thoerepy is userul
inthe treatment of the septic conplicctiaons, The cves must be
ecrefully wotched and corneal ulecrations promptiy and appropriate
treated, ,
Control Mecsures
Voocinetion with a vicble veccine is the only known
mensure of practical value in the: control or.sacllpox, ‘Tac \higk
infectivity of the causal agent, the fcoct that the discese is
Sronsmissible durins the stare of invesion, cnd vrob2blyv during &i
incubétion veriod, and the high suscentibilityv of the unvaccinates
epaividucl, render quarentine reletively ineffective’ in controliawe
the sprcad of the disense in an wnveccincted nopulction,
When a onsoe of snoklpoax occurs: In.-o community, cd
persons who have not been succcssfully veecineted within: the
previous twelve months should be re-vaccinsted, Usually, it rea
quires less timc cnd less adainistrative difficulties. and insures
Beuter. control to revacsinete the entire oonulction of the
community without regcrd to previous vaccinction, It will in no
woyY inccpacitste those who are immune nor will it ceuse thea any
discomfort or inconvenioncc, ‘The exnense involved is ncelizible
when. sompnred with loss of life end exnense of eo-ring for thevsigk
Oh hi
+ ba *
P's
a ee i ee A ee ee adie ee ee OO ee Ae Oe Se tee at Pre tp Pee ES ONAL OO ey ee FT eee Pl yt ees ae oan
era a At ee ea : Hig, 5 ¥ : : ‘ 4 by i FE eae a actreiaty Wh Te Ne
‘a i yeaah jot oe!
“PORTINSVT PACTS CONCERNING SMATIRO™ IN TARA
Prevalconece
Sh a | Accurate Tigures on the incidenes- of srrlipor. if To par
re not eveilable beyond 1940, Mowever, it is known thet s:
‘“eo1cemics rniveced the Oricnt: in’ the last century and the ikea
hss been ft Lecst endcmic throuchosut: this echtury in. Jopenss
\) ea The incidence: was rethcr low bctween 1939 and 1945,
oe there was a er aust inererse in’ the number. of cases. renory
‘besinninys cround 1940, The number of cases reported in 1940 was
575s in 1941, 6543;-in 1942, 385; in 1943, 589; in L9kby, Saye
Ye meeianing «in: Moreh, 1945, thore Wos.0 gherp inererse in shew
Of (BdScs: Pe vorted. a bob l of 1,480 cases were renorted duri
year 191.54 There was < second sharp inercése in Decenber 194
268 ecses beings aS een during the month,. This may be seid
merk the beginning o- en chidéenic which reaobhed a notk iniMar
1946 when 6,304 cascs were rcported for the month, From this t
on, the disccse dcclincd as a result of voeeinctions end other
@ontrol seasures to be discussed later, until October, 1946, _ an
Only five cfoses were revortcd.: Since thot tine phere "hha 3 :
ee eenerceose/ in the number of orsces revorted,,, Covcver;. this ineraae
o Mes net