Skip to main content <#maincontent> We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! Internet Archive logo A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building façade. Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Upload icon An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow. Upload User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up | Log in Web icon An illustration of a computer application window Wayback Machine Texts icon An illustration of an open book. Books Video icon An illustration of two cells of a film strip. Video Audio icon An illustration of an audio speaker. Audio Software icon An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk. Software Images icon An illustration of two photographs. Images Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape Donate Ellipses icon An illustration of text ellipses. More Hamburger icon An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Internet Archive Audio Live Music Archive Librivox Free Audio Featured * All Audio * This Just In * Grateful Dead * Netlabels * Old Time Radio * 78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings Top * Audio Books & Poetry * Computers, Technology and Science * Music, Arts & Culture * News & Public Affairs * Spirituality & Religion * Podcasts * Radio News Archive Images Metropolitan Museum Cleveland Museum of Art Featured * All Images * This Just In * Flickr Commons * Occupy Wall Street Flickr * Cover Art * USGS Maps Top * NASA Images * Solar System Collection * Ames Research Center Software Internet Arcade Console Living Room Featured * All Software * This Just In * Old School Emulation * MS-DOS Games * Historical Software * Classic PC Games * Software Library Top * Kodi Archive and Support File * Vintage Software * APK * MS-DOS * CD-ROM Software * CD-ROM Software Library * Software Sites * Tucows Software Library * Shareware CD-ROMs * Software Capsules Compilation * CD-ROM Images * ZX Spectrum * DOOM Level CD Books Books to Borrow Open Library Featured * All Books * All Texts * This Just In * Smithsonian Libraries * FEDLINK (US) * Genealogy * Lincoln Collection Top * American Libraries * Canadian Libraries * Universal Library * Project Gutenberg * Children's Library * Biodiversity Heritage Library * Books by Language * Additional Collections Video TV News Understanding 9/11 Featured * All Video * This Just In * Prelinger Archives * Democracy Now! * Occupy Wall Street * TV NSA Clip Library Top * Animation & Cartoons * Arts & Music * Computers & Technology * Cultural & Academic Films * Ephemeral Films * Movies * News & Public Affairs * Spirituality & Religion * Sports Videos * Television * Videogame Videos * Vlogs * Youth Media Search the history of over 835 billion web pages on the Internet. Search the Wayback Machine Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Mobile Apps * Wayback Machine (iOS) * Wayback Machine (Android) Browser Extensions * Chrome * Firefox * Safari * Edge Archive-It Subscription * Explore the Collections * Learn More * Build Collections Save Page Now Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Please enter a valid web address * About * Blog * Projects * Help * Donate * Contact * Jobs * Volunteer * People * Sign up for free * Log in Search metadata Search text contents Search TV news captions Search radio transcripts Search archived web sites Advanced Search * About * Blog * Projects * Help * Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape * Contact * Jobs * Volunteer * People Full text of "Smallpox (variola) " See other formats TECHNICA % pL r fees by mS ost “Te nua ry The He Pe BF CHO uomeation Pieoeans ee ‘of heads ohe. severe po ins in ‘Lumbar region f the back and fever, This is followed in two to four days’ by ‘ appearance uf a oharacteristic skin eruption, which nrogresses > successively through the stages of nacule, pepule, vesicle, Bt and erust uP end in pitting. or scar fornetion, | Hitoleny: eS Toe LEeoLoe sah Eeent.of enakipos 1s a: Tilterabley hag’ <8 present: in sécretions from the month, nose and. throat, " material from the vesicles.and »vustules ané in crusts of ) with the clinical disease, Virus-nev be present in the roses and Incubation Period if uae sa eOELOR period of smallpox is usually Math ng ten | fourteen’ days from date of exnosuré to the onset of prodrc sa Py symptoms, It’ may ocadsionally te sonrewhat shorter phen hi devs as long as sixteen days. N eS) ~ ’ ¥ . Mode of Transmission Megas: . Transmission usually ocours by direct conecct with with the disease, - Contects need not be Near but eerial ml panae is unlikely ex ye over Pare ue oe, oe a. fow wie, Tra Wee res end from lesions ors nationts, bac iietae feces “and. urine Period of Communi cability A getient is is@actiview from the onset of prodronel OFS throughout the sosurse of ts have heen shed. A patient. re: the vorodrotes and since the virus “is ‘present ‘tn sa ee. all hove pre ee pa day ates tee on mis “ ay ca i 4 " f re) All ’ pa Mil | ; aht a, TOC es Susceptibility and Immunitv Man is universally susceptible to smallnox without re= s eerd to ave, race or sex, “Asva@ rule,’ one’ attock of smallpox Gonzo am permanent immunity to' future attacks, but second attacks ere said am to occur occasionally, chicken pox probebly having been conrused i with smallyox in some of the instances revorted, Prevalence and Importance ved! Smallpox is worldwide in distribution, The incidence of t@ smallpox denends unon the number of suscentible persons in the a populetion. The vnrevelence is foverned by the extent: to which the members of anv v~iven community have been successfully vaccinated, omalipox may occur at any time during the vear, bub the incidence is highest durine the winter and spring. In @n unvaccinated ynovnule tion, smallinox- is vrimerily a disease of childhood and. tends, to occur ih epidemic form, In &® »xertiadly vaccinated, population. cae i” uUnyeeccineted individuals mav, because, of lack, of. exoosure, eseave Ore Gigcase, but any unvaccinated andavidual, either child or adult who has not hed smalloox will contract the Gisesse whenever he is > definitely exposed to the infection, Ciinical Characteristiss and Diagnosis Classical se a begins abruptly. ee and a high temperature varving otveen 1029 and 105° F., and is accompan-. tea by prostration, ce voniting, headache pad severe pains in | the lumbar -region of the back, The stage of invesion lests for tw) tO four davs during which time there may be an evenascent morbil= tac orn .or scarlatinaform rash, |The typical smallnox eruption eppecrs on the twelfth to fourteenth, dev. of the infection or bee mween the second and. fourth davs of the »rodro mm] syviptons, apn . the appearence of the discrete or. confluent ae ee the tempera- tare usually falls with symptozatic inorovenent,.. There is secondary rise in temperature when the lesions, becodme vesicular or DPustuger, If there are no complications, the temperature willy . “sully be normal agin bv the “tenth or twelfth day after onset, moot rhe eruption appears first and most abundantly on face, hands and Wrists, spreading ravidly within twenty-four hours to include the Porecaris.. omm and thoroxs.. The abdomen ond legs oreorten only ~slightly-involved in wild cases, “hen the lesions: are verv -Rmumersus, they may become confluent, producing so-called confluent Smallpox, In-such sascs the palms and soles are eee involv: Lesions also occur in the mucous membranes of the mouth, gastro Tieestindl tract and respiratory troot, On the Tirst day of the : eruption tiny macules epvear on the skin; they »econe heard shotty | i Pebules on the second day andon: the third dav develov ints multile) a i @cular vesicles which usuelly become umbilicated as the disease 1 progresses. On the fifth dav the vesicles begin to become pustular pohis being Gornpleted by the 7th or Sth day. .Tho vesicles ana ‘isguies are surrounded by cred arcole or inflenetory.gone, _ ie lesions are. deep seated and have an infiltrated base except when "the @iseaose is modified by a nartial immunity. “hen the pustules Bre uncomplicated they berin to dry up ofter the 8th day and iat , _ -2= : aay Bee. 2. « x = . “the ‘Wien ase nea frequently. confused ve ope kon ‘NOx In ehicken nox the various stages Sr seen ab E tho | same time wherecs in smallvox in st nee of develonment at toes pone. bins: veriola’ minor, isnot. unc onmon:® end “aiftiodity im gicgnosis, | ‘The: sag tein tebe 8 “the seen tL pee Dia Diognosis| of Snelipox or eh SOTP Tero C UE oe MALL OR i Gu ee GASH at A ee A A A A RR A NN i me le —— Mapabetion Period: = t. 10. to 1k dave, 1 oe to. 20 a - 2nd: toi hth dev Nomad or. necr. Secondary rise any a Sa Pieces bution Bike es Centrifugal ed mceter: ’ Monomornhous ciate ‘A number of tyvnes of snaélloox heve been deseribed, | “Ore, Scvere or clossiecl sacllpox, hénorrhaciestcollpox, elas “and varioloid, Tie severe forn is still eo»mon in J 9c ‘nh end ponte i GC. Or veant. Tra Uy oes: cn ntioned srov ons reeteristics LOL Lows: re | pt Raia eee clacaiea 11 Gale Pome. Tee ge pital and stormy pradrondl perio “hich mey'be Gisercte in ehercctor or so numcrous aha ‘they Ut Toh ach, whubing or sécrring conrionly occur Pollowing on att . OL this type ‘of smllnox, A . (a a pee Cree Ho Orr gia Sutin 2g tne nogt severe encountéercd, T:. lesions cre inveded by red celis cs teucecvtes, It is hichly fetel tyne of smollhox, ond nh hot acne in which this sora predominated. : ENT REG pe ioe GRLGIBIARUR Umea Soa. aM. Carin s form is OB yh mon , the ee Stetes and ‘Ter nics ot the oresent tire.) aildcr in-its aphifestetions than: classigoig is still orevoelent in the orient. Whether the s | Cad causes both the scvere end alastrim trnes oF 8: oGgivey ove to bies-¢ ine’ clinical differcnecs between vari “(elassical saalloox) and voriole. ainor (akastrim) are not The disecs¢e is often so,mild thet it ‘is frequently ‘for chicken vox, The srodromnil symptoms are gonerally SS severe and of shorter duration than those of severe small e lesions are less numcrous end store dirriculs to dis tine i ay chicken HOR, | 2 he Vorioloid, Hriskoid 329 6 ‘modifica te 3 ox occurring in persons who cre vartio LMMUAG: CO. sae 11 90%) 28 result of previous veccination, successrunl’ vagcination® 3 been perfornied veirs' before or verv reoently, (In ponent Se is mildcr than severe snclinox and mav be és mild ass rim. The lesions anv be few or nuscrous. Vorioloid occurs’ sedly immunc »bersons while clestrim wy oecur in Sopp oeee Cee individuols, ve pee GCoapliestions i The complications most frequently encountered‘ are me Prow Becondery infections of the skin} noacly, 7 is, abcess formetion, ccllulitis end grngrénc, Pneutonic the most common resoiratory Complications, Brestment oe he creatvent. of snolinox is svmotenditic. There is © therapy, A libercl dict, plenty of fluids ond ¢ are: esschial in the trontment’ of this) dis ReCRE ee bie) is, casentiol,: All disshores fron toe The principe l ob jocti socondery ‘poeteriod \4 ite ey mointensnee of clecnliness and control of pruritis by boithing and encavruritic lotions, Sulfonanide or penicillin thoerepy is userul inthe treatment of the septic conplicctiaons, The cves must be ecrefully wotched and corneal ulecrations promptiy and appropriate treated, , Control Mecsures Voocinetion with a vicble veccine is the only known mensure of practical value in the: control or.sacllpox, ‘Tac \higk infectivity of the causal agent, the fcoct that the discese is Sronsmissible durins the stare of invesion, cnd vrob2blyv during &i incubétion veriod, and the high suscentibilityv of the unvaccinates epaividucl, render quarentine reletively ineffective’ in controliawe the sprcad of the disense in an wnveccincted nopulction, When a onsoe of snoklpoax occurs: In.-o community, cd persons who have not been succcssfully veecineted within: the previous twelve months should be re-vaccinsted, Usually, it rea quires less timc cnd less adainistrative difficulties. and insures Beuter. control to revacsinete the entire oonulction of the community without regcrd to previous vaccinction, It will in no woyY inccpacitste those who are immune nor will it ceuse thea any discomfort or inconvenioncc, ‘The exnense involved is ncelizible when. sompnred with loss of life end exnense of eo-ring for thevsigk Oh hi + ba * P's a ee i ee A ee ee adie ee ee OO ee Ae Oe Se tee at Pre tp Pee ES ONAL OO ey ee FT eee Pl yt ees ae oan era a At ee ea : Hig, 5 ¥ : : ‘ 4 by i FE eae a actreiaty Wh Te Ne ‘a i yeaah jot oe! “PORTINSVT PACTS CONCERNING SMATIRO™ IN TARA Prevalconece Sh a | Accurate Tigures on the incidenes- of srrlipor. if To par re not eveilable beyond 1940, Mowever, it is known thet s: ‘“eo1cemics rniveced the Oricnt: in’ the last century and the ikea hss been ft Lecst endcmic throuchosut: this echtury in. Jopenss \) ea The incidence: was rethcr low bctween 1939 and 1945, oe there was a er aust inererse in’ the number. of cases. renory ‘besinninys cround 1940, The number of cases reported in 1940 was 575s in 1941, 6543;-in 1942, 385; in 1943, 589; in L9kby, Saye Ye meeianing «in: Moreh, 1945, thore Wos.0 gherp inererse in shew Of (BdScs: Pe vorted. a bob l of 1,480 cases were renorted duri year 191.54 There was < second sharp inercése in Decenber 194 268 ecses beings aS een during the month,. This may be seid merk the beginning o- en chidéenic which reaobhed a notk iniMar 1946 when 6,304 cascs were rcported for the month, From this t on, the disccse dcclincd as a result of voeeinctions end other @ontrol seasures to be discussed later, until October, 1946, _ an Only five cfoses were revortcd.: Since thot tine phere "hha 3 : ee eenerceose/ in the number of orsces revorted,,, Covcver;. this ineraae o Mes net