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Please enter a valid web address * About * Blog * Projects * Help * Donate * Contact * Jobs * Volunteer * People * Sign up for free * Log in Search metadata Search text contents Search TV news captions Search radio transcripts Search archived web sites Advanced Search * About * Blog * Projects * Help * Donate Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape * Contact * Jobs * Volunteer * People Full text of "Manufacturing, moving forward, rising to the challenge : report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology " See other formats DT WI 3 1761 INN) sey HOUSE OF COMMONS CANADA MANUFACTURING: MOVING FORWARD - RISING TO THE CHALLENGE Report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology James Rajotte, MP Chair FEBRUARY 2007 39" PARLIAMENT, 1° SESSION Gavyar SOVSS Ament Publications IRON Y & Nay Gg 4. No 4 + 9, tcp . aNY “4? # tu Oy + (à Mare wy NY The Speaker of the House hereby grants permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part for use in schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary. Any commercial or other use or reproduction of this publication requires the express prior written authorization of the Speaker of the House of Commons. if this document contains excerpts or the full text of briefs presented to the Committee, permission to reproduce these briefs, in whole or in part, must be obtained from their authors. Also available on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire: http://www.parl.gc.ca Available from Communication Canada — Publishing, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9 MANUFACTURING: MOVING FORWARD - RISING TO THE CHALLENGE Report of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology :: : James Rajotte, MP Chair FEBRUARY 2007 39 PARLIAMENT, 1° SESSION , | AISI» - | RAWAON DUIVONT. OMLAUEDATUM: | BOMALIAHD BAT OP Un L | uh M i 1 at i ne | du ia a P oi i de [a 1e. oat ren Ta 4 it ti PARCS ste ont) a 2 hotes : i: FF heres ] ban aanaio® \uaubnl ~ a ‘3 Br PH eae a nk | vie” MANU y } See AUS NET "nd ong - ‘o aan ES 6 à s ait a ples M R oye remet. DONS i. M | " i ols mm Ment i ; | l © # | { ed y Per , a eta oe ; ee subie Mi Vaiss Seve VIe ele PRE C1 # Le y né to a yo af “+ aw ot ( ‘4 ‘Sie aT | “Me +2 ie Pal A a at Kg ee à r wo, Pen, =: ur Dr: Ÿ UT RARE TE ite i oe mae ay " ee ir né i k vos { FE Paty UM ie PE dee, ODOR ay, BR Ie A ni | iris stad re 7 ae aie Ê LE er SR A thay aR RII 5s pi sf sg np tea ties aaa 2 té fa é j core | BAT ak ‘ Ne Vel Li baies rary CA Ne a Eu tg oni | AA ws . ë ti hor a i nl se A ¢ | y reins uN eri be a fag oA : A ( +e, tu TU ; , 4 LA a PAP ES Leur 44 fees À ‘à A LE ! h nf a ee } L à STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHAIR James Rajotte VICE-CHAIRS Paul Créte Hon. Dan McTeague MEMBERS Andre Arthur Brian Masse Hon. Maurizio Bevilacqua Hon. Dan McTeague Hon. Scott Brison Bev Shipley Hon. Gerry Byrne Dave Van Kesteren Colin Carrie Robert Vincent Paul Créte OTHER MEMBERS WHO PARTICIPATED Hon. Joe Fontana Mark Holland Susan Kadis Hon. Belinda Stronach Hon. Jean Lapierre CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE James M. Latimer LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT Parliamentary Information and Research Service Lalita Acharya, Analyst Daniel Shaw, Analyst Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2023 with funding from University of Toronto https://archive.org/details/31/761119708923 THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY has the honour to present its FIFTH REPORT Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), and the motion agreed to by the Committee on Tuesday, May 16, 2006, your Committee has studied the Challenges Facing the Canadian Manufacturing Sector and has agreed to report the following: | ghestee voie strebti : die. : 2 By re k PANDA KT nn de ebhéd@s moin mt bas (S09! Rio rains dt cane oe A sante od beets 26: 4 etinn0 Moy 000$ AF | : PRO EE Re yeh of Deeige cer Snes okie? g ~ + TABLE OF CONTENTS ER VER TROT RS PR Ae, a em ce xi ÉISROFRECOMMENDATIONS 5e tea a EN. xiii INTRODUCTION bcesceovscsninveecsecsovdesisientitsate ene MONO eee Re à 1 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE CANADIAN ECONOMMEME NN fancier .t ce. 3 WORLD. ECONOMIC. TRENDS 34 A Rene Rene 3 CANADIAN GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND LABOUR MARKET IPRENDS ETIENNE ee me a 4 ENERGMPRICES EME UMR SRE NRA RE Re ee 6 THE TERMS OF TRADE AND THE CANADIAN DOLLAR. ui 8 CANADIAN TRADE, COMPETITIVENESS AND PRODUCTIVITY ............:::eeeee 11 CHAPTER 2: CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR TRENDS ANDICHAECENGES? § Se ee cn font aetna: re eete cre ee eee eee ee 112 CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR TRENDS................................. 1, MAJOR CHALLENGES FACING THE CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR ine cre eter rae ere Re reer 21 1. Rapid Appreciation in the Value of the Canadian Dollar... 21 2. Increasing and Unpredictable Energy Costs.….............................................…. 22 SY Compeuuon tom Merging ÉCONOMIES Talence een 23 AmAvailabity of Skilled Pabourie:] MUR eye ER tae wee gecumneni ate 20 5. Regulatory Environment ........0....ccc.c0ceshecsssccceecsceneeenneaseeavensseunepovtcarnscuseussnars 26 CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES FACING SELECTED INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE MANURAGTURING: SEG TOR... senmttetn, PE siete tents eerie terrae 29 Aerospace INAUSITy M Re nn eee rein en ne ie rene ete nt een nr r sz 29 Apparel Industry... ssl 29 Automotive Industry ss. 30 vii Basic Chemicals and Resins Industries ss of Computer and Electronic Product Industries... 32 Electrical Equipment, Appliance and Component Industries... oC Energy Industries is... ct SMART es TS se. Food and Consumer Products Industries.............................................................. 34 Forest Products Industryes. fist MS RAA ARR sans nes Pet 30 Plastics Industry... tuners ns Sema MO Pee ORO RSR CRETE 35 Railway Equipment Industry ss 36 SHIPDUINGING AUS RE cena etat eee ee re RS I OL STESLINGUSTRY bin ART A ere ase PE PAR AE a ae AR res NOR ES 38 Textiles IOUS RARE RSS A SR Rotate mt ae ee EE 38 Tool; Die:and' Mould Making:Indusines.:. ri MR NN ERP 39 CHAPTER 4: MANUFACTURING SECTOR'S RESPONSES TO HS CHALLENGES Écran ne ee etter tee nl Re AR Re snc ene 41 CHAPTER SMPOEICYINSRRÜMENTS'AND OPTIONS ESS RER ne 45 Monetarv.PONCVE ARR ting te scchacceancsseacens Qe et ken am, COMENT EAN REA at 45 Taxation: Policy: <2: cade a the Me em tar A ost tel eee ene ee Bae eee 47 1. The Capital Cost Allowance Regime ............ccccccccccccsssssssnsececeeeceeeeceeeececeeeneess 47 2. The Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax ICENTIVE PROGFaIN te ce. TR RE SN TE TES 49 EEN, PORC TR Re DAT en Re AU DNS EEE 51 ADOUn POC Ves, RAR Re de Dee OR EN atic ine PTE SP ET TITRES 54 1. Accreditation of Skilled immigrants... fees MI Een Ae 56 2: Temporary Foreign Worker Program. CR eee 57 3. Tax Credits for Employer-financed Workforce Training... ts 2e of Vili 4. Support for Postsecondary Students Conducting Research in Conjunction with Industry 5. Labour Mobility Trade Policy 1. Canada-South Korea and Canada-EFTA Free Trade Agreements ................ 2. Trade Protection: Anti-Dumping, Countervail and Safeguards ...............0000. Intellectual Property Rights Protection Policy ee eee eee ee rr ry Regulatory Policy 1 Regulatory’ Modernization. Se aee:, Peay Fe CRE CR ee ee 2, ehvironmental Regulations ee ccna oer os ae eee She User FCOS Acta deceit cis Oe Te ale Ee nee Ree et PITS UCU ican case voue 2e Ta en Er EN TT 1. National Gateway and Trade Corridor Policy... 2. FAST Lanes at Canada-United States Border Crossings.…..........................…. 3. Financing Strategy for the New Windsor-Detroit Crossing .…........................….. Research, Development and Commercialization Policies... 1. Industrial R&D Spending in Canada and the OECD ee 2. Improving Canada’s Commercialization Performance ….….............................… Sy Research Infrastructure. -.ose. Bee teeasergacereerecs ene setae cement ee eNane tettenore cere GONGRUSIONG Get oi RU A SIS M er a een eRe anc ak APPENDIX41;. LIS HOF: WITNESSES) us. RE RE cnet eet eon as APPENDIX 2:.UIS OF BRIER Sc.cc:sccictasasencuerat eres eee tea eee ae APPENDIX A: MANUFACTURING SECTOR: NUMBER OF EMPLOYER ESTABLISHMENTS BY EMPLOYMENT SIZE CATEGORY AND REGION: 2005 i od 05) bh ek adel. Ra Te ee vacee peas ceaeaae a APPENDIX B: MANUFACTURING SHIPMENTS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY, 2001-2005... -.ccc.scceacssosnsnvecntaenonenenrensacdenssoneuntrtannecnnrsseursens=cnensngevanss APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED IN THE REPORT OF THE EXPERT PANEL ON COMMERCIALIZATION, 2006 ..........-:::ccceseeeteteen 93 APPENDIX D: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY WITNESSES. ......... 95 REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ss 135 NDP SUPPLEMENTARY OPINION... ssssssseeereeeeeeeeeessss om SUPPLEMENTARY OPINION FROM THE BLOC QUÉBÉCOIS... 139 CHAIR’S FOREWORD Canada’s manufacturing sector is a vital component of our economy. Manufacturing is Canada’s largest business sector, accounting for 17% of all of Canada’s economic activity and providing employment for 2.1 million people. Additionally, every dollar of manufacturing output is estimated to generate over three dollars of total economic activity. While the rest of the Canadian economy is generally very robust, many industries within the manufacturing sector are struggling to remain competitive against the backdrop of a Canadian dollar that has risen in value by more than 40% in just four years in comparison to its American counterpart, rising and unpredictable energy costs, increasing global competition, particularly from China and India, and excessive and inefficiently designed regulations, to name but a few challenges. The Committee has completed an intensive study of the challenges facing the manufacturing sector. It began its hearings in May 2006 and tabled an interim report so that the federal government was made aware of the challenges facing the manufacturing sector and the potential solutions proposed by the witnesses. In October 2006, the Committee picked up where it left off, holding more meetings with witnesses and undertaking site/shop floor visits of a number of manufacturers located across the country. The Committee’s final report reflects a wide perspective on the challenges facing the manufacturing sector. Given that the downturn in the manufacturing sector reflects structural changes in the economy and not a cyclical downturn, the Committee believes that different policies are required than those implemented in the past. The report offers specific recommendations to the Government of Canada on how it can help the sector adapt to the challenges it is facing. The Committee believes that the Government of Canada should make the preservation of a competitive Canadian manufacturing sector a national goal, and that given the gravity of the challenges facing the sector, the recommendations presented in this report should be implemented in a timely fashion. | would like to thank all of the witnesses who have appeared before the Committee in Ottawa and across the country and the company officials who welcomed the Committee to their places of business. | also thank the members of the Committee for their hard work on this study. James Rajotte, M.P. Chair xi a Sere or CRE SQ tage aot all Gh NN ee PARTONS Gr NRA RG fase + heat Brit s'est er PT ae NAL: uhh | i # yl or Û im i ys 41 Dee hi a pi 8 nn ut er wh? be PAT 43 : me au mt, d an | | Pont, CA 4 Lu me nr aie iad We ee fhe f de . 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" Mie * 4 She A Re ae : 7. | Met * es - nn - INTRODUCTION a a Ea ee STS Oe ele eS In May 2006, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology (hereinafter the “Committee”) began hearings on the current state of the Canadian manufacturing sector and the challenges facing this extremely important component of Canada's economy. Manufacturing is Canada’s largest business sector, accounting for 17% of all of Canada’s economic activity and providing employment for 2.1 million people. The study originally focused on four major issues and the impact that they are having on the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector: (1) the high value of the Canadian dollar: (2) high and unpredictable energy costs; (3) globalization; and (4) the availability of skilled labour. However, additional issues raised by witnesses (e.g., the effects of the regulatory environment) were also examined. In response to these challenges, many manufacturing firms have restructured their operations, and employment in the sector has declined. Since the end of 2002, when the downward trend for the sector’s employment levels began, manufacturing employment has fallen by 208,900 jobs or 9.2%. In 2005, the manufacturing sector was the economy’s major source of job losses. This downturn is not part of cyclical pattern but rather reflects a structural change in the economy: a decline in the share of manufacturing in overall employment, production and value-added, with a concurrent rise in the share of services. This pattern is occurring across OECD economies. In Canada, another structural change, the rise in the relative importance of the resources sector, is also playing a role. This final report provides the Government of Canada with an overview of how the manufacturing sector is affected by the challenges noted above. More detail and an update on each challenge are included in this report in comparison to what was presented in the Committee’s interim report entitled Challenges Facing the Canadian Manufacturing Sector. Like the interim report, this report also highlights other, often industry-specific, challenges that the sector is facing. In total, the Committee heard from representatives of 15 broadly defined manufacturing industries, and the final report reflects a wider perspective on the challenges facing the manufacturing sector than was presented in its interim report. In this final report, the Committee assesses many of the recommendations suggested by witnesses (detailed in Appendix D). Many issues and policy options, including those recommended by the witnesses, are presented under several broad policy areas: monetary, taxation, energy, labour, trade, intellectual property rights protection, regulatory, infrastructure and research, development and commercialization policies. This structure brings a certain coherence and tractability to understanding how specific policy measures respond to specific sector challenges. In the end, the Committee decided on a number of fiscal and non-fiscal measures and they form a body of recommendations to the Government of Canada on how it can help the manufacturing sector adapt to the challenges it faces. The 1 Committee is convinced that the adoption and implementation of these recommendations, within the framework of an industrial strategy, will help revitalize Canada’s manufacturing sector, making it more resilient and competitive for the benefit of all Canadians. Furthermore, the Committee emphasizes that urgent action on the part of the Government of Canada is required, and that preserving a competitive manufacturing sector in Canada should be a national goal. CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE CANADIAN ECONOMY WORLD ECONOMIC TRENDS World economic activity expanded throughout the 2000-2006 period. The pace of this growth has been increasing remarkably, accelerating from a low of 1% in 2001 to a high of just short of 4% in 2004, before settling back in the 3% to 4% range for 2005 and 2006 (see Figure 1). Southeast Asia, China and India have been a large part of the story behind this outstanding performance. The Chinese economy grew by 9% per year, on average, between 2003 and 2005, while the Indian economy grew by 7% per year, on average, in the same period.’ Figure 1 World GDP Growth, 2001-2005, 2006F, 2007F (annual percentage change) | 2001 Source: Conference Board of Canada The outlook for the world economy in the second half of 2006 and 2007 is expected largely to reflect developments in the United States and, once again, China and India. Market analysts are expecting all three of these economies to grow more modestly: the United States because of weaker consumer spending and a sharp (negative) correction in housing markets, and China and India since both countries’ central banks have recently raised their policy interest rates and have allowed their respective currencies (i.e., the yuan and the rupee) to appreciate in value to rein in excessive domestic growth and inflation. The Conference Board of Canada expects the world economy to expand by 3.7% in 2006, with most of the 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006F 2007F Ue ee ee ee 1 The Conference Board of Canada, World Outlook Autumn 2006, 2006, and Consensus Economics. 8 economic growth having already taken place in the first half of the year, and 2.8% in 2007. By comparison, the Bank of Canada is more optimistic, forecasting world economic growth of 5.1% and 4.7% in 2006 and 2007, respectively.” The projections of these two economic forecasters are similar when it comes to the United States and their differences lie mostly in their projections for China and Southeast Asia. CANADIAN GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT AND LABOUR MARKET TRENDS Rapid world economic expansion since 2003 has been particularly beneficial to Canada. Strong global demand for primary commodities (particularly base metals and energy) has led to high commodity prices, which, along with strong growth in final domestic demand, have fuelled robust economic growth — hovering about 3% per annum — in Canada over the past few years (see Figure 2). Indeed, the Bank of Canada judges that the Canadian economy has been operating at close to its full production capacity since the second quarter of 2004. Figure 2 Canadian GDP Growth, 2004-2007F | (annual percentage change) 2005 2005 2006 2006 2004 2005 2006F 2007F Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Source: Bank of Canada, Monetary Policy Report, October 2006. However, between March and October 2006, the Bank of Canada lowered its forecast of Canadian output growth from 3.1% to 2.8% in 2006 and from 3.0% to 2.5% in 2007. The Governor of the Bank of Canada explains this revision in the following way: 2 Bank of Canada, Monetary Policy Report, October 2006, p. 24. 4 After several years of strong expansion, the U.S. economy is cooling down restrained by a pullback in the housing sector and slowing demand for automobiles. After growing at a 5.6% annual rate in the first quarter, U.S. economic growth siowed to just 2.9% in the second quarter, and may well have slowed to less than 2% in the third quarter of 2006. We are expecting 3.3% growth for 2006 overall in the U.S. economy, 2.6% growth in 2007, and 3.2% in 2008.° Thus, Canada’s economic performance for the second half of 2006 and throughout 2007 is expected to be tied closely to developments in the United States, with the latter marginally outperforming the former. Figure 3 Employment and Unernployment Rates in Canada, 2003- Miss PR TN = Es Seasonally aus tac 5 Seasonally acct AG SX SAS Au AU 204 20 2005 Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force information, Catalogue 71-001-XIE, 1 December 2006. With Canadian GDP growing rapidly over the past few years, not surprisingly Canada’s labour market fas also performed well in this period. Aggregate employment grew from 15.6 million in January 2003 to 16.6 million in December 2006, thereby improving by 1 million persons or by 6.4% in four years (see Figure 3). The employment rate has also increased steadily to 63.1% in this period, setting a new all-time record in the process. Finally, the overall unemployment rate in Canada has declined since January 2003, and the unemployment rate over the past six months, including the December 2006 rate of 6.1%, has settled at a 30-year low. 3 Remarks by David Dodge, Governor of the Bank of Canada to the 2006 Ontario Economic Leadership Summit, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 25 October 2006. http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/speeches/2006/sp06-16.html. 5 ENERGY PRICES Strong global demand for primary commodities like energy, spearheaded by the Chinese, Indian and Southeast Asian “tiger” economies, has put stress on an already tight market that is manifesting itself in price increases. The world’s demand and supply balance for energy began to tighten in 1998 and, subsequently, energy prices rose relatively slow at first, but they have done nothing but soar since 2000 before retreating somewhat in 2006. Figure 4 US$ Canadian Energy Prices, 1978-2005 (US$ per ton of equivalent) 700 ———————— ee Led i=) N OFT DO OR DB © TN YO Tt WH Onna D OO D D D D D D A D ON D OO OO A nn © [=] © © NE ee I = ta ee ee NO ON ON ——— Electricity —— Light Fuel Oil —— Natural Gas Source: Natural Resources Canada and the International Energy Agency Light fuel oil prices in Canada rose immediately and faster than all other energy forms between 1998 and 2000; since then, light fuel oil prices dipped slightly for two years before rebounding, recording an overall increase of 219% between 1998 and 2005 (see Figure 4). Natural gas prices in Canada followed light fuel oil prices. Initially, natural gas prices rose in a more restrained manner than light fuel oil prices, but since 2000 they have risen sharply and more so than for any other industrial energy source, recording an overall increase of 317% in just seven years. Electricity prices, which are somewhat constrained from responding immediately to new market conditions by provincial pricing policies, bottomed out in 1999 — one year later than for other energy sources — and have risen by a relatively more modest rate of 24% between 1999 and 2004. The International Energy Agency (IEA) foresees a moderation of recent energy price hikes. The IEA projects world primary energy demand to expand by more than 50% between 2005 and 2030, averaging 1.6% growth per annum. Under this scenario, the world will be consuming 16.3 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) by 2030 — 5.5 billion toe more than in 2005. More than two-thirds of the growth in 6 world energy consumption is expected to come from developing countries, where economic and population growth is highest. The IEA forecasts member country crude oil import prices to decline to about US$35 per barrel by 2010 (in constant 2004 U.S. dollars) as new crude oil production and refining capacity are expected to come on stream. Thereafier, the IEA forecasts crude oil prices to rise slowly to US$37 in 2020 and US$39 in 2030 (in constant 2004 U.S. dollars). In nominal terms (i.e., without discounting for inflation or accounting for the loss in purchasing power), the price of crude oil is expected to reach US$65 per barrel in 2030. Globalization has been a force for economic convergence, particularly in terms of energy prices. indeed, while energy prices have skyrocketed worldwide (not just in Canada) and thus co not appear at first blush to have affected the relative competitiveness of Canadian manufacturing, this is not the case of electricity. Because of North American-wide free trade and deregulation in most energy sub-sectors, light fuel oil and natural gas prices differ little between Canada and the United States. These two energy forms are no longer (if they ever were) the basis of a competitive advantage in manufacturing for either country. However, electricity remains, in some cases, such a strategic factor of production. Figure 5 ay Canada-United States Electricity Price Comparison, 2004 | Cdné per kWh 30 ———$ | Source: Energy Dialogue Group submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 3 October 2006. In 2004, the average price of industrial electricity was 6.15¢ per kilowatt hour (kWh) in Canada and 6.65¢ in the United States (see Figure 5). However, because of the location of each country s manufacturing heartland, this 0.5¢ per kWh or 7.5% lower electricity price does not necessarily provide a competitive advantage for Canadian manufacturers relative to U.S. manufacturers. Canada's manufacturing sector lies predominantly in Ontario and Quebec (See Appendices A and B), “4 whereas its American counterpart lies predominantly in U.S. Middle Atlantic states — New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania — and in U.S. East North Central states — Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin. In 2004, the average price of industrial electricity was 7.75¢ per kWh in Ontario, 4.77¢ in Quebec, 8.26¢ in U.S. Middle Atlantic states and 6.05¢ in U.S. East North Central states. Although Ontario manufacturers have a 0.5¢ per kWh or a 6.2% lower price for electricity as a basis for a competitive advantage over U.S. Middle Atlantic manufacturers, U.S. East North Central manufacturers have a 1.7¢ per kWh or a 22% lower price for electricity as the basis for a competitive advantage over Ontario manufacturers.* Since U.S. manufacturers that are highly dependent on electricity as a source of energy are likely to locate in U.S. East North Central states, a significant percentage of the U.S. manufacturing sector has a competitive advantage over Canadian manufacturers. Quebec manufacturers, however, have a 1.28¢ per kWh or a 21.2% lower price for electricity than U.S. East North Central manufacturers, thereby providing Quebec manufacturers with a competitive advantage over all U.S. regions. National statistics mask considerable regional differences, and these disparities appear to be growing with the recent spike in energy prices. THE TERMS OF TRADE AND THE CANADIAN DOLLAR Emerging economies such as China and India are a significant source of demand for primary commodities and considerably higher Canadian commodity export prices. At the same time, these countries are proving to be an increasing source of competition in a number of industrial and consumer goods and substantially reduced prices for Canadian merchandise imports. Emerging economies are thus both a boon and a bane to the Canadian economy, and nowhere is this more evident than in Canada’s terms of trade — that is, in the ratio of Canadian export-to-import prices. Canada’s terms of trade has marked three spikes and two troughs in the past 12 years and is headed towards a third trough, but the trend is definitely up for the period as a whole (see Figure 6). The most immediate cycle began in the fourth quarter of 2001 when it rose from its (1993 100-base) index of 96.1 to 119.9 in the fourth quarter of 2005, representing a 24.8% increase in just four years. By contrast, the most significant previous spike began when this index was 99.3 in the second quarter of 1994 until it reached 107.8 in the fourth quarter of 1996. This terms-of- trade spike amounted to an increase of just 8.6% and lasted for two and a half years. As such, the data suggest that the past four years have been witness to unprecedented and abrupt change in Canadian trade terms — one might even say that Canada is experiencing a positive external shock. 4 The disparity in electricity prices between Ontario and U.S. East North Central states increases when viewed on an individual state basis. This improvement in Canada’s terms of trade has increased real wealth and income in the country, and has fuelled increased spending by consumers, governments, and busiriesses — the outcome of which is found in rapidly growing gross national expenditure (GNE) and is, in turn, the source of Canada’s recent high GDP growth rate (see Figure 2). : Figure 6 | Canada: Terms of Trade, 1994 | to 2006 Ill 1993 = 100 (Ratio of Export-to-lmport Prices) | | 120.0 -———_________ RE | 115.0 | | 110.0 | 105.0 100.0 - 95.0 | 90.0 fe 1 = | = Ge MIRE LE oe ee Re Se = = Eu or N N N N N N Source: Bank of Canada and Statistics Canada A further outcome of this terms-of-trade spike has been a rapid and substantial appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar and, indeed, against many other currencies. The Canadian dollar has surged in value by 43.7% relative to the U.S. dollar in just four years (see Figure 7).° The Canadian dollar has also surged in value relative to the Canadian-dollar effective exchange rate Index (CERI) from 79.75 in January 2002 to 109.51 in September 2006, representing an increase of 37.3% in four and a half years.° Of course, this currency performance is not uniquely a Canadian story. Another contributing factor has been currency traders’ concerns over both the large U.S. current account deficit and the country’s growing tendency to borrow in foreign markets to finance its federal government budget deficit. ° The comparison is made between the base case (denominator) of 62.7¢ in February 2002 and of 90.1¢ on 1 May 2006. É 6 The Canadian-dollar effective exchange rate index (CERI) is a weighted average of bilateral exchange rates for the Canadian dollar against the currencies of Canada’s major trading partners: U.S. dollar, 76.2%, Euro, 9.3%, Japanese yen, 5.3%, Chinese yuan, 3.3%, Mexican peso, 3.2%, and British pound, 2.7%. The stronger Canadian dollar has tempered the pressure of increased domestic spending on aggregate demand by dampening net exports, thus helping to put Canada’s receipts and payments with other countries into better balance, equilibrate supply with demand, and keep inflation in check. At the aggregate level, Canada’s flexible currency exchange rate has been playing its classic role of “shock absorber.” Figure 7 ‘sling ; MORTE Cdn¢ Canada-United States Dollar Exchange Rate per US$ January 1971-January 2007 Also at the aggregate level, the combined effect of a large and sustained terms-of-trade shock and a substantial and protracted change in the currency exchange rate triggered a shift of resources to activities generating higher income (as it often does). Postponing adjustment would, therefore, mean forgoing potential income gains that the reallocation of resources can bring. To make the most of Canada’s opportunities as a trading nation, Canadian businesses need to adjust as quickly and as effectively as possible to changes in global economic circumstances. Thus, at the industrial sector level, significant shifts in production and employment among sectors of the economy mean job losses in some industries and job gains in others. According to the “Dutch Disease” hypothesis, an increase in revenues from natural resources deindustrializes a nation's economy by raising the exchange rate, thus making the manufacturing sector less competitive. Furthermore, at the regional or provincial level, this shift can cause dislocations. CANADIAN TRADE, COMPETITIVENESS AND PRODUCTIVITY The immediate and most obvious impact of a rapidly appreciating Canadian dollar is found in Canada’s merchandise trade account. Canada’s current 10 merchandise trade surplus with the rest of the world could be expected to decline and, if currency conditions persist, could (theoretically) even turn to deficit. In the medium term, Canadian competitiveness might languish, with productivity improvements largely stemming from the closure and shut down of relatively inefficient plants and facilities, which also tend to be of a lower productivity vintage than others within their respective industries, and employee layoffs. Limited to these types of gains, aggregate labour productivity growth could also be expected to stall for a time. In the longer term, however, the shift towards higher valued output and activities generating higher income brought about by the recent positive terms-of- trade shock are expected to ultimately lead to greater corporate profits and investment of all sorts, not the least of which includes productivity-improving machinery and equipment. Indeed, since much machinery and equipment in Canada is foreign sourced, the renewed investment in this area would then be expected tc rebou nigh value of the Canadian dollar may promote . Productivity growth and industry competitiveness nd fairly quickly. Data supporting this projected downturn and eventual turnaround are already being generated by statisticians. Beginning with the trade data, after peaking at $71 billion in 2001, Canada's merchandise trade surplus hovered about $60 billion between 2002 and 2005 and, using simple projections to the end of this year (Canada’s trade surplus was $49.9 billion for the first 11 months of 2006), will decline further to $55 billion in 2006." Statistics Canada has noted a trend in the composition of this trade: In 2001, the trace surplus was rising because of gains in five of the seven largest sectors: consumer goods, autos, forestry, food and machinery and equipment. Now, the surplus is being sustained by gains in just two sectors, energy and industrial goods. ... The surplus in energy surpassed forestry for the first time ever in 2001, and by last year was nearly twice as large at $53 billion. Rising commodity prices have also pushed the surplus for industrial goods to a record high so far in 2006. ... Fuelled by the income generated from the commodity boom, consumers and businesses in Canada have gone on a spending spree. This has sent the deficit in consumer goods to new highs, while the deficit for machinery and equipment was the largest so far this decade.® The trade data also show the emergence of China on the Canadian trade scene (see Table 1). With Canadian imports from China reaching $24.9 billion in the first nine months of 2006, up 17.2% from the same period in the previous year and more than the combined value from third and fourth place Japan and Mexico, China is Canada’s second largest supplier of imported goods. Chinese products showing the greatest gains in the past year include consumer goods, such as apparel and footwear, as well as toys and house furnishings. By the same token, Canada exported $6.6 billion in merchandise goods to China in 2005, making China 7 Statistics Canada, Canadian Economic Observer, Vol. 19, no. 11 (11-010-XIB), Table 1, p. 20. 8 Statistics Canada, The Daily, The Changing Composition of the Merchandise Trade Surplus, 9 November 2006, http://www.statcan.ca/Dail /English/061109/d061109c.htm. 11 Canada’s fourth largest export market. Exports for the first 11 months of 2006 amounted to $6.3 billion, up by about $200 million from the same period in 2005. Table 1 Canada-China Merchandise Trade, 2001-2005 ___ (millions of dollars) 2001 2002 | 2003 2004 2005 3,636.9 6,262.5 15,999.1 | 18,569.5 | 24,009.9 31,690.5 Balance -12,362.2 | -14,716.4 | -17,968.4 | -22,879.1 | -25,428.0 * 11 months only Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian International Merchandise Trade, Catalogue No. 65-001-XIB Canada's relative cost-competitiveness with the United States has demonstratively plummeted in the past three and a half years (see Figure 8). Unit labour cost increases across Canada’s business sector averaged 1.9% per annum between 2001 and the first nine months of 2006. When viewed strictly in one’s domestic currency, this performance is not out of line with unit labour cost increases in the U.S. business sector which averaged 1.1% per annum in the same period. Given the appreciating value of the Canadian dollar, however, unit labour costs across Canada’s business sector valued in U.S. dollars increased, on average, by 6.6% per year between 2001 and the first nine months of 2006 — six times that of the U.S. business sector. Figure 8 Canada-U.S.Business Sector Unit Labour Costs 2001-2006II! (percentage change from previous year) 16.0 ——— = ee Nb. 2001 … 2002 2003. 4.0 SERA RE 2004 2005 20061 #200611 2006111 | & Canada (Cdn $) @ Canada (US $) & United States (US $) Source: Statistics Canada, The Daily: Labour Productivity, Hourly Compensation and Unif Labour Cost, 13 September 2006, http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/06091 3/d060913a.htm Canada’s competitiveness with the United States has Clearly deteriorated in the first half of the first decade of the millennium. Canada’s relative performance was absolutely the worst in 2003 and it appears to have improved somewhat in 2004, but this improvement has since stalled. Given the apparent recent stability of 12 the Canadian dollar in the US85-90¢ range, then either Canadian wages must show more restraint, and/or growth in labour productivity must be much larger than in the United States if stronger Canadian business sector competitiveness with that of the United States is to be restored relatively soon. However, Canada’s tight labour market — with an unemployment rate at a 30-year low — and the appearance of labour shortages in selected regions and industries make it less likely that wage restraint will be the principal strategic path chosen by the Canadian business sector. Instead, Canadian businesses will likely turn to greater investment in R&D, productivity-improving machinery and equipment, and other innovation strategies to raise their labour productivity in order to revitalize their competitiveness profile. The data clearly point to such a path. In the aftermath of the ICT investment bubble, which began in the late 1990s, Canadian investment in machinery and equipment bottomed out only in 2002. Since 2003, the Canadian business sector’s investment in machinery and equipment has rebounded, with annual growth approaching 8% in the second year of the upturn.° The impact of this nascent investment boom is already showing up in labour productivity data (see Figure 9). The Canadian business sector’s labour productivity growth rate averaged 1.6% per year or about 85% of that of the U.S. business sector preceding the recent surge in the Canadian dollar (i.e., from 1981 to 2000). With the Canadian dollar soaring from US62¢ in early 2001 to US83¢ by late 2004, the Canadian business sector’s labour productivity growth rate averaged only 0.7% per year or about 21% of that of the U.S. business sector. The job dislocations taking place during this period (and in response to the terms-of-trade shock) did little for labour productivity in Canada. However, since 2005, the Canadian business sector has improved its performance against its American counterpart in terms of labour productivity growth; in the first nine months of 2006, Canadian business sector labour productivity growth was 80% that of the U.S. business sector. Phillip Cross, “Long-run Cycles in Business Investment” in Canadian Economic Observer, Statistics Canada, Catalogue 11-010, September 2005. 9 18 Figure 9 Canada-U.S. Business Sector Labour Productivity Growth Rates, 1981 -2006111 ‘i 2000- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20061 200611 200611 | 2005 | ® Canada @ United States Quarter 2006, http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/13-010-XIE/2006002/productivity2006002.htm Labour productivity levels, rather than their growth rates, show a similar, but not identical, story: the recent decline and stabilization of Canadian productivity without a rebound (see Figure 10). For a rebound to occur, Canada will need to post better productivity growth performances than those recorded in 2006. Canada’s business sector averaged a productivity level equivalent to 82.2% of that of the U.S. business sector throughout the 1990s and just before the terms-of-trade shock beginning in early 2002. Since then, the Canadian business sector’s productivity level relative to that of the U.S. business sector declined and appears to have stabilized at an all-time low of 73.6%. 14 Figure 10 A Canada-U.S. Business Sector Relative Labour Productivity 110 sacks ME NS = 1 00 TC ER TTD MAG TA DT TN ELM EP AN CERN SEPTATE 8 I STRODE TIO BML = 90 PE sonia er og GOSSES à | ee te Z LT : ive 824% 70 | = = ; —————— à 0 73.6% 60 | Ka - — - ———— - eee DER Rene kT RE REA AD ANS A NUS | MEANS RENNES RC ES SP PPK PM PP GFP PK EP OS SP ES DS D D | caves (2 NAS LSE cm Jnited States Source: Canadian Centre for the Study of Living Standards, Aggregate Income and Productivity Trends, Canada vs United States, Table 7a, http://www.csls.ca/data/ipt2006. pdf 15 “1 ¥ ' " it ‘ 1% D 1 b A ul 1 i ni UT f Ul a ' à 4 raat hs i a i CA re ” 1 ‘ Q f iy \ . As M a. a LA oy Fi L : 4 Et 7 i À 1 rim à iv we ; AE ine | i a , À i th ine he LT L iP a A 4 my t le Ge a A po LS} x à 4 : I rs par Li ; ’ : x : i " i] La 4. 1 | a ah il en ith 011. ré © PES re inp ae ' ae | P ae CT :: i . it Me ewe seh he ered i rea y DURE Pl < bet arte t 1. “fy r ut iyi ¢ a d W i I L + pe ' i ’ i , \ * oe 1 1 1 ne i : + 4 gy ‘ vie 1 Fe } ail j à, . aie ‘ ON ve LA en cut te Doit SAN gee. Cote) wa node à ¥ oye TTC Wry FT Vv ae fea Cie is XPH eo Lae abe 4 Tr A ae dé dns - Z * A f 4 AR ONE bt va eri) re open one et Wh ae) ited 0! Cpegcaan ge Fike. thay tenrré ari | 414 od ve LES > OeAING | OR i hn age 14 em Pe CHAPTER 2: CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR TRENDS AND CHALLENGES TSE TLIO LEE CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR TRENDS The Canadian manufacturing sector, along with the manufacturing sectors of other OECD countries, was not at the centre of the world’s most recent economic thrust. World economic growth was centred principally on primary commodities, most notably energy and base metals. Hence, any expansion of manufacturing output was at best a by-product of this commodities boom, as incomes and spending multipliers of these resource-based industries took hold. For cornmodity export countries, other economic effects weighed in and had a more telling impact on their manufacturing sectors. For Canada, rising primary commodity prices were accompanied by an appreciation of the Canadian dollar, which immediately drove down the competitiveness of Canadian manufacturers relative to their foreign rivals. Indeed, Canadian manufacturing shipments plummeted and remained depressed for approximately three years during the ascent of the Canadian dollar (see Figure 11). But after considerable industry restructuring, the Canadian manufacturing sector has regained some of its lost competitiveness, and manufacturing shipments in Canada have rebounded. The annual growth rates of manufacturing shipments were 8.5% and 3.0% in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and this performance is considered healthy and vibrant by most standards. Manufacturing shipments stood at $611.5 billion in 2005. With the retrenchment of shipments beginning in 2001, labour productivity and corporate profitability in the manufacturing sector declined and turned negative for two years. Together, these factors conspired to bring about many plant closures and a fresh round of employee layoffs. Since its peak of 2.32 million in the fourth quarter of 2002, employment in the manufacturing sector has been in decline (see Figure 12). The total number of employees who were laid off by the manufacturing sector between late 2002 and August 2006 was approximately 233,900, and manufacturing employment has hovered about 2.1 million since then. Given a Canadian dollar that appears to have peaked at US90.1¢ only in May 2006, it appears that employment in the manufacturing sector may have bottomed out. F4 Figure 11 Canadian Manufacturing Sector Shipment Growth Rates 1995-2005 29 1995 1996 1997 A0: ER de eh ag 6.0 - De miles 9 ee it stlgwehs qs ewehn Source: Russell Kowaluk, “Manufacturing: The Year in Review,” Statistics Canada, Catalogue 41-621-MlE, http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-621-MIE/1 1-621-MIE2006045. pdf. Figure 12 Canadian Manufacturing Sector Employment and ‘Thousands = the Canada-U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate, 19851-2006II]_ US$ per C$ 2400 | 7 0.95 2300 — - 0.90 2200 - _ 0.85 2100 | 0.80 2000 + 0.75 1900 | 0.70 1800 - 0.65 1700 + 0.60 1600 | = 0.55. 1500 HE | HHH 0.50 | | | FEFEEESFEPEFCESES DELL LE | Manufacturing Sector Employment Canada-U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate Source: Statistics Canada and the Bank of Canada Recent developments in manufacturing employment are not, of course, solely the result of the appreciation of the Canadian dollar. Other forces are at work. Structural change away from manufacturing and towards services within most mature OECD developed countries, and the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) have and continue to play a role. 18 The FTA has had an impact on the timing of employee layoffs implemented by Canadian manufacturers. This impact is observable from the data on manufacturing employment and the value of the Canadian dollar (see Figure 12). Developments in manufacturing employment clearly lag those of the Canadian dollar. When the Canadian dollar appreciates in value, empioyment in manufacturing falls; when the Canadian dollar depreciates in value, employment in manufacturing rises. The only question remaining is the exact timing of the lag. There were two periods of sustained appreciation of the Canadian dollar and two periods of sustained manufacturing employment decline that followed. The first period predates the FTA and the other occurs with the FTA firmly in place and fully implemented.'° In the pre-FTA environment, the lag between the beginning of the Canadian dollars appreciation and the beginning of manufacturing employment losses was three years. When the dollar had finished appreciating five and three-quarter years later, the 23.7% appreciation coincided with 372,300 job losses, representing a 17.4% decline in employment, four and a half years later.'’ In the FTA environment, the lag between the beginning of the Canadian dollars appreciation and the beginning of manufacturing employment losses was nine months. The 42.2% appreciation of the dollar in just four and a quarter years was followed by the loss of 208,900 jobs, representing a 9.2% decline in employment in four years. These data suggest that the forging of the FTA and the removal of sizeable tariffs imposed on manufactured goods, particularly in the case of Canada, increased the intensity of competition between Canadian and U.S. manufacturers. The Canada-U.S. dollar exchange rate now provides a sharpened competitive edge and, as a result, Canadian manufacturers are forced to respond more quickly to exchange rate movements (i.e., more immediate layoffs when tne Canadian dollar rises in value). Manufacturing employment as a share of total employment for all industries within Canada fell to 13.7% in 2005,"* the lowest level since 1976. Most OECD countries have experienced similar declines in the share of manufacturing in total employment (see Figure 13). Research by the OECD suggests that the relative decline in the share of manufacturing in production and value-added results primarily from relatively slow growth in demand for manufacturing products, as demand for services is growing more rapidly. The relative and absolute decline in manufacturing employment is primarily due to strong productivity growth, but it is also affected by the growth of manufacturing capacity in non- OECD countries. However, according to the OECD, the loss of manufacturing employment in OECD countries cannot simply be characterized as a transfer of manufacturing 10 In the first period, the Canadian dollars appreciation begins before the FTA came into effect, whereas manufacturing employment losses (from star to finish) coincide with the FTA. 11 Daniel Trefler calculates that “the Canadian tariff cuts explain about half of the employment losses over the [1988-1995] period” (see Daniel Trefler, “The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement: An Assessment for Canadian Manufacturing,” 1998. See also Daniel Trefler and Noel Gaston, “The Labour Market Consequences of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement,” Canadian Journal of Economics, XXX(1), February 1997, pages 18-41 http://www.nber.org/ftp/trefler/FT/ Vreadme.html). 12 Russell Kowaluk, Manufacturing: The Year 2005 in Review, Statistics Canada, June 2006, http:/Amww.statcan.ca/english/research/ 11-621-MIE/11-621-MIE2006045.pdf. 19 production to non-OECD countries, since manufacturing employment in non-OECD countries has not grown significantly. Figure 13 Manufacturing Share in Total Employment Japan Canada United States & 1980 ©1990 0 2002 Europe = Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain and Sweden. Source: Industry Canada submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 13 June 2006 and OECD STAN Indicators database. Finally, labour productivity growth has returned in robust fashion to the Canadian manufacturing sector. After three years of poor growth — averaging 0.1% per year — and even decline, labour productivity grew by 3.5% and 5.7% in 2004 and 2005, respectively (see Figure 14). Indeed, because of considerable industrial restructuring that included plant closures and employee layoffs, the manufacturing sector outperformed the larger business sector in the past two years. Labour productivity growth in the Canadian manufacturing sector has been three times that of the Canada’s business sector since 2004. The slightly smaller manufacturing sector is thus much stronger and more resilient than before. 20 Figure 14 Canadian Manufacturing Sector Labour Productivity Growth Rates, 1998-2005 4.0 1998 1999 2900 | 20071 2002 2003 2004 2005 | 20 ls 4 wees ee i 3.0 2 —— | ; 5 | Source: Russell Kowaluk, “Manufact 11-621-MIE, http://www.statcz in Review,” Statistics Canada, Catalogue :h/11-621-MIE/11-621-MIE2006045.pdf. MAJOR CHALLENGES FACING THE CANADIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR 1. Rapid Appreciation in the Value of the Canadian Dollar VE Relative to the services se international trade. Exports from tl or, the manufacturing sector has a higher exposure to > manufacturing sector are often priced in U.S. dollars, and as the Canadian dollar has risen, margins have shrunk as the prices of these exports dropped in Canadian dollar te cause of competitiveness concerns or the fact that prices for exports may be fixed far in advance in U.S. dollars, many firms have been unable to raise their U.S. dollar prices. The Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters (CME) presented two surveys to the Committee that it undertook under its 20/20 manufacturing initiative, one identifying manufacturers strategic challenges and the second identifying constraints on export growth. In both cases, currency exchange rates were listed as the most challenging factor. In the first survey, the high dollar and the resultant lower prices were listed, while the second survey listed managing exchange rates, suggesting that a fluctuating currency (even when the fluctuation is not large) poses a challenge (see Figure 15). 21 Figure 15 Constraints on Export Growth MANAGING EXCHANGE RATES LACK OF INTERNAL RESOURCES LACK OF QUALIFIED PERSONNEL LACK OF TIME TO DEVELOP NEW MARKETS 121% LACK OF EXPERTISE IN NEW MARKETS 19% DIFFICULTY FINDING PARTNERS, AGENTS, 19% DISTRIBUTORS =. CORPORATE ORGANIZATION | 17% CAPACITY TO SCALE-UP PRODUCTION 115% DIFFICULTY IDENTIFYING MARKET 15% OPPORTUNITIES COST/INADEQUATE RETURNS jf D 15% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% PERCENTAGE OF COMPANIES Source: Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 16 May 2006. 2. Increasing and Unpredictable Energy Costs The manufacturing sector has also been adversely affected by increasing input costs. Energy-intensive manufacturing industries such as pulp and paper, chemical, petroleum refining and primary metal industries make up approximately 29% of Canada’s manufacturing GDP,'* and these industries have been hit particularly hard by increasing energy (electricity, fuel oil and natural gas) costs. Between the first quarter of 2000 and the fourth quarter of 2005, manufacturers saw their energy costs increase by 94.3% (see Figure 16). Additionally, while electricity deregulation, which has occurred in some jurisdictions, has led to more efficient production and relatively lower prices, some manufacturers in these jurisdictions have experienced insecure supplies of electricity (e.g., brownouts and power outages). Member surveys of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB) agree with those of the CME. Energy prices are identified as the leading business factor adversely affecting manufacturing firms. 8 Data presented by Mr. Howard E. Brown, Assistant Deputy Minister, Department of Natural Resources to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 13 June 2006. 22 Intertwined with high energy prices is the unpredictability of energy prices. For some energy-intensive manufacturers, current and predicted future energy prices have a large impact on strategic decision-making. Energy price fluctuations exacerbate both business planning and decision-making. rigure 16 Percent Change in input Costs (1st Qtr 2000 - 4th Qtr 2005) PRICES FOR EQUIPMENT -4.2 0 PRICES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS | PRICES FOR ALL FINISHED PRODUCTS AVERAGE MANUFACTURERS’ SELLING PRICE PRICES FOR SECOND STAGE INTERMEDIATE GOODS PRICES FOR FIRST STAGE INTERMEDIATE GOODS PRICES FOR FOOD PRODUCTS HOURLY LABOUR COSTS TRANSPORTATION COSTS COST OF RAW MATERIALS ENERGY COSTS -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT CHANGE Source: Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 16 May 2006. 3. Competition from Emerging Economies The Canadian manufacturing sector has been affected by global competition, particularly from China. China is a large and rapidly growing market for raw materials, industrial goods, capital equipment, and consumer products. The country has become a leading manufacturer, not only of textiles and consumer products, but of electronic equipment, software, and other technologies as well. China’s labour costs are, on average, about 1/40th of those in Canada, and they provide China with a comparative advantage in the manufacture of labour-intensive products. China has also become an integral part of manufacturers’ global supply chains.* Canada is also facing low cost and high value competition from other emerging economies, such as India. 14 Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, Manufacturing Challenges in Canada, http://www.cme-mec.ca/mfg2020/Challengespdf pdf. 23 Although import penetration into Canada from all countries has been relatively stable over the past decade, there has been a change in the relative positions of the countries of origin of imports. In particular, import penetration from China has risen. Some manufacturing industries with a high trade exposure have experienced lower profit margins, prices or sales volumes in their domestic markets because of increased competition from imports, particularly from China (see Figure 17). Figure 17 China’s Import Penetration’: Most Exposed Manufacturing Industries (per cent) Textile Clothing Leather Computer Electrical Furniture Medical Whole product ancl equipment equip., mfez. mills electronic and jewellery, sector. Products appliance sporting from all Hoods, toy, and games Note: Import penetration is measured as the value of imports from China divided by the value of the domestic market (shipments plus imports minus exports) Source: Industry Canada submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 13 June 2006. The emergence of China in the Canadian market is a challenge that many Canadian manufacturers, particularly those whose products have a medium to high labour content, will have to overcome. However, the presence in Canada of capital-intensive products from China at prices lower than in their home market (possibly being “dumped” or subsidized) because the Chinese government has chosen to support an industry as a strategic export good for the country’s rapid industrialization poses an extraordinary challenge. Here, steel and steel products come immediately to mind. 24 4. Availability of Skified Labour Despite current job shedding, the manufacturing sector, like all other sectors of the Canadian economy, has to address the shortage (actual or potential, depending upon the industry or region of the country in question) of skilled labour. Over the past decade, three main factors have shaped Canada’s workforce: (1) an increasing demand for skills in the face of advanced technologies and the “knowledge based economy”; (2) a working-age population that is increasingly made up of older people; and (3) a growing reliance on immigration as a source of skilled labour.'® Added to this mix of long-term trends is a rather recent structural development that is forcing a reallocation of labour both from one sector of the economy to another and from one region of the country to another: the high value of the Canadian dollar. Figure 18 Top Labour Skill Shortages in the Manufacturing Sector ENTRY LEVEL EMPLOYEES ENGINEERS À EQUIPMENT OPERATORS | SALES & MARKETING | MAINTENANCE PLANT MANAGERS | MACHINISTS À DESIGNERS | ELECTRICIANS | GENERAL MANAGERS | on WELDERS | REA De DIE MAKERS 8% [MDIFFICULTIES FINDING ne eas el SCIENTISTS/R&D TECHNICIANS | CUSTOMER SERVICE PERSONNEL [M COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS À 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% PERCENTAGE OF COMPANIES Source: Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 16 May 2006. series: The changing profile of Canada's labour force, 2003, i isti 2001 Census analysis bee nion/paid/pdf/96F0030XIE 2001009. pdf. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Ana icloom 26 According to a survey conducted by the CME in 2003,° more than 40% of manufacturers say that skills shortages are seriously constraining their ability to improve business performance and grow. About 17% of those surveyed indicated that skills shortages pose a major constraint on their ability to develop and commercialize new products. Finally, slightly more than 25% reported that a lack of skilled and experienced personnel is a challenge that will fundamentally change the nature of their business over the next 5 to 10 years. The survey also identifies specific labour skills shortages by occupation that the manufacturing sector is facing (see Figure 18). In a survey undertaken in January 2005 by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business (CFIB), members listed the shortage of qualified labour third among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) business priorities. The labour skills shortage is therefore an important challenge for the manufacturing sector. 5. Regulatory Environment Many witnesses indicated that government regulations represent a burden to their industry and to all sectors of the economy. The major business associations (e.g., Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, Canadian Council of Chief Executives, Canadian Federation of Independent Business, Conference Board of Canada) suggested that streamlining regulations and reducing paper burden is a cost-effective way to increase productivity and to help businesses of all sizes and from all sectors. In the CFIB survey mentioned above, members listed government regulation second among the business priorities of SMEs. In the same survey, CFIB members (manufacturers and others) listed the most burdensome types of federal regulations (see Figure 19). The top three on the list were compliance with tax regulations (i.e., the GST, payroll taxes and income taxes). © Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters 2003 Membership Survey cited in Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, Manufacturing Challenges in Canada, http://www.cme-mec.ca/mfg2020/Challengespdf.pdf. 26 GST/HST Payroll taxes (CPP/QPP, El) Income taxes Record of Employment Statscan (surveys} Border and trade rules Business registration Environment à @ Manufacturing Transport , © Total Agriculture Other Immigration 40 20 20 49 Source: Canadian Federation of independent Business submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, meeting of 16 May 2006. Ze ‘WA pur d v LPC RCE oc cube tr 4 K : Ÿ ne He Sent My Rn he a Non qe OR id DE D, D PE NN UP ; eo Mini. lièd ttrirent A Tr. 1] AL TE A CEE, SRE eee ee, Lanben Wie a CRE 2 D i906 15 Par vie he 4 GRA oe Oe OO EAN LAON han We % A fen | + + ‘ a. ibe, ty PEUT à PR à a? i 2 V re ow ae “pag | Lpraiié. < CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES FACING SELECTED INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR Aerospace Industry The Canadian aerospace industry consists of more than 500 companies with annual revenues of $21.7 billion in 2004, placing Canada in 4th position behind aerospace industries in the United States, United Kingdom and France. This Canadian industry is extraordinarily dependent on foreign buyers of its products, as 84% of its revenues were garnered from export sales and 75% of all exports were to the United States. The global aerospace industry does not operate in a laissez-faire marketplace. Government intervention in the sector is rationalized primarily on national security grounds and secondarily on grounds of industry characteristics such as its high degree of R&D and its attendant high risks and long payback periods. Governments around the world use various policy instruments to support aerospace industries operating within their jurisdictions, including funding defence programs and purchases, financing research and development infrastructure, and providing loan guarantees and bank financing for aircraft development and production. In Canada, major federal programs and _ initiatives used by the aerospace industry include: (1) Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Incentive Program; (2) Technology Partnerships Canada; (3) Defence Research and Development Canada; and (4) the National Research Council’s Institute for Aerospace Research, Aerospace Manufacturing Technology Centre and Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP). Given that the aerospace industry’s long-term survival and prosperity depend on innovation and one of the basic building blocks of that activity is R&D, which in the last decade represented between 6% and 15% of industry sales, the industry believes that it is crucial that the Government of Canada redevelop and replace the Technology Partnerships Canada program as a means of levelling the playing field with its foreign rivals. Any improvements to the SR&ED tax measure as an incentive to encourage R&D, particularly for SMEs, would also be welcomed by the industry. Apparel Industry Mass production of apparel in Canada began in the mid-19th century in many urban centres, which supplied much-needed semi-skilled labour but were also the major consumer markets. For most of that time, domestic production closely matched domestic demand in terms of quantities, qualities and style requirements. The second half of the 20th century (by contrast) was marked by a substantial 29 increase in world trade in apparel, mostly originating from low wage, developing countries and destined for high wage, developed countries. Two attempts to address the imbalances and inequities caused by this growing trade were made, which resulted in two multilateral international agreements: the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA), which permitted developed countries to impose quotas on imports of apparel and textiles from developing countries, and the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), whereby the MFA quotas were to be gradually phased out over a 10-year period. These two agreements marked 1975, 1995 and 2005 as milestones for three distinct and increasingly freer trade regimes. The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA) also played a role — a positive one — as exports to the United States soared and now account for 40% of Canadian apparel shipments valued at $5.6 billion in 2005. In and of itself, the ATC posed significant competitiveness challenges to the Canadian apparel industry, particularly from the export of cheap Chinese, Indian and Bangladeshi clothing. Canadian apparel companies were adjusting to the new trade environment by shifting and focusing their production on selected North American niche markets, whereby geographical proximity to these markets would provide a competitive advantage, such as in the case of their “fast fashion” segments. However, the 43.7% appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar in only the past four years has hobbled the implementation of such strategies given that U.S. apparel companies are reacting similarly. Much greater contraction and consolidation of the Canadian apparel industry, along with more lay-offs, are expected should current trends continue. To mitigate such a scenario, the industry believes that government action is needed on tariff policy and procurement, as well as continuing general support for the industry. Automotive Industry Canada has attracted a number of foreign automobile manufacturers (i.e., DaimlerChrysler, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Suzuki, and Toyota) to locate their production facilities mostly in southern Ontario, producing for the North American market, while at the same time importing a substantial amount of vehicles to match its varied automotive needs. Associated with these automotive assemblers are a large number of independent parts and components manufacturers located across the country. Based on relatively lower wage rates, on average, than those in the United States, government-provided benefits (e.g., health care), and federal and Ontario government financial support of $434 million and $513.8 million, respectively, in the last two years alone, capital expenditures in Canada’s automotive assembly plants have been brisk, averaging more than $3 billion per year over the past 12 years. As a result of these investments, Canada’s automotive assembly plants are estimated to be, on average, 4.6% more productive than those of the United States and 38.9% more productive than those of Mexico. In turn, Canadian production accounted for about 17% of North American production and Canada-U.S. automotive trade amounted to 30 $143.8 billion in 2005. Canadian consumption accounted for approximately 8% of total North American consumption, resulting in a Canadian t | f $23.5 billion in 2005. g anadian trade surplus o With many countries also subsidizing investment in their automotive sectors, leading to a world and North American automotive assembly plant overcapacities estimated at 11.5 and 2.5 million units, respectively, and a 43.7% appreciation of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar in just the past four years, Canada’s labour cost advantage is rapidly shrinking. The appreciation of the Canadian dollar has been particularly hard on the automotive assembly supply-chain, and the availability of both general skilled and technical skilled workers is also a growing concern. These factors are threatening industry profitability, labour wage increases and Canada’s trade surplus. They have also played some role in plant closures and production capacity restructurings over the past several years, as well as planned expansions in the next two years. For example, three light duty vehicle assembly plants (i.e., General Motors of Canada, Ste. Thérèse, Quebec, jobs = 1,092; DaimlerChrysler, Windsor, Ontario, jobs = 1,128; and Ford Motor Company, Oakville, Ontario, jobs = 1,388) and one medium/heavy duty plant (Mercedes (Western Star Truck), Kelowna, B.C., jobs = 675) have closed between 2001 and 2005, while no new plants have opened. These plant closures decreased Canada’s vehicle production capacity by 553,000 units, but capacity expansions totalling 195,000 units elsewhere at existing facilities meant that Canadian production capacity declined only by 358,000 units in the past five years. Honda, Toyota and General Motors have also announced new plant openings and expansions over the next two years. Honda will invest $154 million in a new engine plant to begin production in 2007. General Motors will invest an additional $750 million for the production of the new Camaro beginning in 2008. Finally, Toyota is investing $1.5 billion in a new RAV4 assembly plant located in Woodstock, Ontario, which will begin production in 2008. The industry suggests that it may be threatened further by a Canada-South Korea free trade agreement if market access and measures such as South Korea's non-tariff barriers are not addressed. The industry also believes that a lower marginal effective tax rate on capital, one that is competitive with that of the United States, would provide a favourable investment climate. Basic Chemicals and Resins Industries The basic chemicals and resins industries form part of the chemical manufacturing subsector. In 2005, the industries’ shipments totaled approximately $23 billion, a 5% increase over 2004 shipments. Shipments are expected to rise by 12% in 2006 to $25.7 billion. In 2005, exports totalled $17.4 billion (a 17% increase 31 over 2004 levels), of which $13.4 billion (77%) was exported to the United States The industries employed 21,889 people in 2005, a 1% increase over 2004 levels, but 4.6% lower than in 2003."” The industries have experienced considerable cost pressures from high raw material and energy prices, and from the relatively high value of the Canadian dollar. Chemical producers are also concerned about the impact on their operations of environmental regulations that may be introduced by the federal government. With respect to energy, the cost, availability and reliability of electricity remain as concerns for competitiveness and plant safety, particularly in Ontario. Other challenges cited by the producers include rail transportation concerns in Western Canada, the regulatory environment, and labour shortages in Alberta. Despite these challenges, increased demand for chemicals kept plants running at, or near, capacity in 2005. As a result of chemical price increases, operating profits have been relatively high since 2004. This performance also reflects gains in productivity achieved by the industries in recent years; productivity levels for Canadian chemical producers exceed those of their U.S. competitors. Computer and Electronic Product Industries Companies manufacturing computers, computer peripheral equipment, communications equipment, and similar electronic products, as well as components for such products make up this subsector. These industries employ production processes that are characterized by the design and use of integrated circuits and the application of highly specialized miniaturization technologies. In 2005, most of the subsector’s 3,681 establishments were located in Ontario (47.7%) and Quebec (22.5%). Shipments by the subsector totalled $18.6 billion in 2005, down from $27.04 billion in 2001, just prior to the ICT bust.'8 Members of the subsector note challenges to competitiveness that include difficulties in attracting skilled labour, the relatively high value of the Canadian dollar, and delays in getting product across the border into the United States. In an attempt to deal with some of these challenges and other difficulties stemming from the dot- com bust, some companies have responded by eliminating as much waste as possible (e.g., overproduction, waiting time, transportation, processing, inventory, motion and scrap) and detecting process defects through a blend of Lean and Sigma Six methodologies known as “Lean Six.” '” Information and statistics from Canada’s Chemical Producers, http://www.ccpa.ca/files/Library/Documents/Economic/Yrend2005_report_final.pdf. 18 Data from Statistics Canada. 32 Electrical Equipment, Appliance and Component Industries This subsector is composed of manufacturers of electric lighting equipment, household appliances, electrical equipment and other electrical equipment and component manufacturers. Most of the 1,964 establishments in the subsector in 2005 were located in Ontario (47.3%) and Quebec (25.6%). Shipments by the subsector stood at $9.6 billion in 2005, down from $11.6 billion in 2001."° These industries cite challenges to competitiveness from the high value of the Canadian dollar, increasing energy and commodity prices, and from emerging markets in Asia and Latin America. The industries note that the Chinese government has imposed export duties of between 20% and 40% on metals, and export tax credits of between 13% and 17% on finished goods. According to the industries, both the tax credits and export duties have left Canadian and U.S. manufacturers with no access to China’s material cost structure and tax shelter without relocating manufacturing to China. Members of the large appliance industry note that importers have an 11.4% cost advantage with respect to taxes since imported appliances are subject only to the GST, whereas domestic manufacturers must pay a variety of income, property and other taxes, in addition to the GST. These manufacturers suggest that a radical restructuring of how taxes are collected is required to address this issue. They propose a reduction in corporate, property and payroll taxes and an increase in consumption taxes, in order to place more of the tax burden on imported products. Energy Industries In 2005, Canada’s energy industries contributed $64 billion to the GDP (1997$), $87 billion of nominal exports, and $34 billion of nominal imports. The industries employ 180,000 people, and have an estimated total employment impact of over 500,000.~° Industrial energy use is the biggest single component of energy demand in Canada (39% of total demand). Of that demand, 30% is from energy industries themselves (mostly the upstream oil and gas industry), and 27% from the forestry and pulp and paper sectors. The average annual growth in energy demand from industry grew by 1.4% between 1990 and 2003. Gains in energy efficiency and structural changes in the economy (the relative increase in the activity of less energy intensive industries) have partially offset increased demand for energy. The key energy sources for industry are natural gas (30%); electricity (26%); refinery fuel oils, coke and still gas (23%); wood waste and pulping liquor (14%); and coal, coke oven gas, liquid petroleum gas and gas-plant natural gas liquids, steam and waste fuels (8%). In terms of the main input sectors to industry (natural gas, electricity and petroleum products), oil is the most deregulated, the most competitive, and the most 19 Data from Statistics Canada. 20 Statistics supplied by the Energy Dialogue Group and Natural Resources Canada. 33 world-scale in terms of the market. Natural gas is a continental market that is largely deregulated. Electricity is the least deregulated and the most regional in its basic structure. The Energy Dialogue Group notes the following challenges facing Canada’s energy system: (1) the need for new supply and delivery capability; (2) the need to adapt to higher prices; and (3)the need to find sustainable solutions to environmental challenges. In terms of other challenges, many energy industries complain of the complicated, multi-jurisdictional regulatory processes governing approvals for new investments in energy infrastructure. They suggest that the adoption of a national energy framework that recognizes jurisdictional authorities, but that emphasizes the value of working cooperatively across governments, would help in dealing with issues (e.g., regulations) that transcend jurisdictional boundaries. Food and Consumer Products Industries Food manufacturing is Canada’s second largest manufacturing subsector with shipments totalling $65.8 billion in 2005 (second to transportation equipment whose shipments totalled $123.1 billion). Shipments for the food manufacturing subsector in 2005 were 3.6% lower than in 2004 ($68.2 billion), and were at their lowest level since 20022! In 2005, Canadian companies exported $17.9 billion worth of processed food products. Canada’s food exports account for approximately 29% of total production, up from 18% 10 years ago. In fact, Canada moved from being a net importer of manufactured food products to a net exporter over this period? In 2005, the food manufacturing subsector employed 243,950 people, down 2.8% from the 250,762 employed in the subsector in 2004, and the lowest number of employees since 2000. Meat processing has consistently been Canada’s biggest processed food industry; in 2003, shipments of processed meat totalled $18.6 billion, which was 2.2% lower than the high of $19 billion recorded in 2001. Dairy processing is the second largest food manufacturing industry in Canada, with record sales of $10.4 billion in 2003, followed by grain and oilseed milling and fruit and vegetable preserving. Other processed food products include fish and seafood, poultry, and bakery and tortilla products. Because food manufacturing is export-oriented, the industry faces challenges from the high value of the Canadian dollar. Additional challenges include falling prices resulting from high inventories, increased import competition 21 Data from Statistics Canada. 22 Michael Burt, Canada’s Food industry: Industrial Outlook, Winter 2006, Conference Board of Canada. 34 and weak domestic demand growth. According to the industry? the most significant barrier to innovation and growth it faces is Canada’s “outdated and poorly functioning regulatory system.” It suggests that minimizing regulatory differences between trading partners and eliminating costly delays are critical to ensuring that an economically viable manufacturing sector remains in Canada. With respect to industry-specific issues concerning regulations, the industry notes challenges related to the absence of a policy regarding food fortification; the long approval process for novel foods and food additives; and the lack of a regulatory approval framework for health claims. Forest Products Industry Canada’s forest industry sold some 250 products, valued at $84 billion in 2005, to more than 175 countries, generating $32 billion in trade surplus. Canada ranked first in the world in terms of newsprint production and second in the world in terms of both wood pulp production and softwood lumber production. As the forestry sector is simultaneously highly energy-intensive, capital- intensive and export-oriented, the rapidly rising prices of energy and the Canadian dollar present the sector with its greatest competitiveness challenges. Somewhat linked to these challenges is the sector’s fragmented industrial structure. Canada’s two largest forestry companies, Abitibi-Consolidated and Domtar Canada, rank just 21st and 23rd among the largest forest companies of the world. Significant economies of scale exploited through further industry consolidation could bode capital cost savings and would help towards levelling the competitiveness playing field with its much larger foreign rivals. The industry believes that the Government of Canada can play a significant role in improving the investment climate for the industry, most notably by taking various measures that would lower the marginal effective tax rate on capital. The industry also believes that a more accommodating application of the Competition Act would be part of its competitiveness solution and that a Canada-South Korea free trade agreement would provide incremental benefits. Plastics Industry Rapid growth in the Canadian plastics industry followed the dramatic increase in the domestic capacity for producing synthetic resins beginning in the late 4970s which was, in turn, a response to the OPEC oil embargo and energy crisis. During that period, U.S. tariffs on imported resins were typically 10 to 12%, whereas they were 3% to 5% for plastic products. This tariff differential spawned vertically integrated production of resin and plastics in Western Canada. Today, Canada boasts more than 2,000 plastics companies, mostly Canadian-owned small and 23 : Ibid. 24 Submission by Food & Consumer Products of Canada to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, 17 October 2006. 35 medium-size enterprises (SMEs), whose shipments were more than $20 billion in 2005, of which 50% was exported (and of which 93% was destined for the United States). The industry faces a number of competitiveness challenges that include: (1) the small size of many of its Canadian companies; (2) the need to match high R&D rates of their U.S. competitors; (3) a more secure supply of its Canadian natural gas feedstock; and (4) increasing natural gas prices. As resin costs typically account for 30% to 50% of the final value of a plastics product and one dollar of natural gas at the wellhead can be turned into a $15 _ plastic product — hence, a value-added multiplier of 15 — the development of a federal energy framework that would ensure adequate feedstock for manufacturing (rather than exporting so much natural gas in its raw state) and the stabilization of energy prices is seen by the industry as a way to boost its competitiveness. The industry has also indicated that acceleration of the capital cost allowance to no greater than two years, and a simplification of Canada’s R&D tax credit regime are top priorities to assist it in meeting its innovation challenge. Railway Equipment Industry Railroad rolling stock manufacturing is part of the transportation equipment manufacturing subsector (Canada’s largest manufacturing subsector). Railroad rolling stock companies design and manufacture the following equipment: ballast distributors (railway track equipment); self-propelled railroad cars; diesel-electric locomotives; railway track equipment (e.g., rail layers, ballast distributors); mining locomotives and parts; railway rapid transit cars; rail laying and tamping equipment; subway cars; and trolley buses. The rail equipment manufacturing sector is highly specialized and export- oriented, with more than 70% of urban transit and locomotive shipments destined for foreign countries, principally the United States. Virtually all Canadian urban transit and rail systems and vehicles are supplied by domestic sources, while major systems and components such as engines, computers and other equipment are usually imported from U.S. suppliers. Manufacturing shipments for this industry group increased from $1.9 billion in 1994 to $2.0 billion in 2003, an average compound annual rate of 0.6% per year. Between 2002 and 2003, manufacturing shipments decreased by 42.0%. The railway suppliers employ approximately 60,000 people in Canada. The industry cites challenges related to competitiveness with U.S. suppliers. It notes that the federal capital cost allowance rate for the depreciation of railway rolling stock and track infrastructure is 15% and 10%, respectively. With these rates, it takes Canadian railways more than 20 years using the declining balance method to fully depreciate their rolling stock assets. In contrast, U.S. tax rules allow railway companies to fully depreciate their rolling stock assets in seven years. The industry believes that the disparity is hindering Canadian railways’ capital spending for 36 modernization and growth when compared to U.S. railways. It also argues that the rates will adversely affect the industry’s ability to meet government objectives related to climate change and air quality. Shipbuilding Industry | Canada's shipbuilding industry” is comprised of 203 establishments, including about 30 shipyards that are located principally in each Atlantic province, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. The shipyards are fixed facilities with drydocks and fabrication equipment capable of building watercraft suitable or intended for other than personal or recreational use. Canada’s shipbuilding tradition dates back to pre-Confederation, but in recent years, the industry has suffered through declining demand, which has led to declining production. In 2003 (the latest year for which there are data), industry shipments were $535.5 million (down from $969.5 million in 1994, an average annual rate of decline of 6.4%), with exports accounting for $83 million of these shipments. Canada has a persistent trade deficit in shipbuilding, which in 2005 amounted to $304.5 million. Employment was also down over the same period from 7,361 persons in 1994 to 3,797 employees in 2003, an average annual rate of decline of 7.1%. Canadian shipbuilders have a limited domestic market that cannot, in itself, sustain the current industry. Unlike the United States, government procurement of naval and other vessels does not provide a consistent base level of demand in Canada. The domestic commercial market is relatively stable, and industry growth is therefore dependent on capturing a share of the international market. However, Canadian shipyards are finding it extremely hard to compete internationally because of government subsidization by other shipbuilding nations (e.g., Norway and South Korea). Additional external factors that adversely affect competitiveness include low foreign labour rates, less stringent environmental regulations, and improved manufacturing practices in several countries — challenges that have been magnified by the recent appreciation in the value of the Canadian dollar. In terms of other challenges, on the immediate horizon is Canada’s pursuit of two free trade agreements: one with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland; and the other with South Korea. Norway is a formidable competitor (based, in part, on subsidies) and South Korea (based, in part, on low labour wages and subsidies), if it shifts its expertise and capabilities from large to smaller vessels, could also become a direct competitor. Eliminating the current 25% tariff on ship imports into Canada for these two countries without addressing the issue of subsidies would put Canadian shipbuilders at a competitive disadvantage in their home market. 25 Statistics Canada defines the shipbuilding and repairing industry as establishments engaged in the construction, repair, conversion or alteration of all ship types of more than five tons displacement; anything less is deemed to be engaged in boatbuilding. on Steel Industry Canada has 10 steel producers operating in five provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec). Of the 15 plants in Canada, 4 are integrated mills and 11 are mini-mills. Algoma Steel Inc., Dofasco Inc. and Stelco Inc. are the largest operations, producing close to 60% of Canada’s total steel output; they operate large integrated facilities equipped with blast furnaces and rolling mills. The smaller producers use electric arc furnaces, and produce carbon steel plate, sheet, bar and rod products as well as specialty steels and stainless steel products. Across the country, 20 other production facilities fabricate pipes and tubes, wire and wire products. Canada’s steel industry is concentrated in Ontario, where most of its customers are located. In particular, all but one of Canada’s auto assembly plants are located in southern Ontario, as are all of the stamping plants, most of the appliance makers, and a significant portion of the steel fabrication and construction market. Steelmakers in other markets tend to serve regional or special markets, such as the oil and gas industry in Western Canada. In 2005, steel production in Canada was estimated at 15.6 million tonnes. Canadian steel shipments totalled $13.5 billion in 2005, with $5.5 billion in exports. The industry directly employs more than 35,000 people, including contractors, part- time employees and students.? The industry cites a number of challenges to its competitiveness including strong global competitors and a rapid expansion in capacity; escalating input prices; a declining domestic and NAFTA manufacturing base; industry consolidation (competition for investments in Canada versus other jurisdictions); and the increasing need for innovation. It is particularly concerned about market distortions resulting from alleged subsidies and dumping by certain steel-producing nations, including China. Textiles Industry The textiles industry is one of Canada’s oldest manufacturing industries. Established more than 150 years ago in small, urban communities that offered a stable labour supply and rivers ideally suited for water-generated power and dyeing/finishing, the industry started with the manufacture of yarns and fabrics from natural fibres. Today, the industry is structured very differently. Canada’s textiles manufacturing industry has transformed itself, particularly in the past 25 to 30 years, through substantial and sustained capital investment and the result is a modern industry that is increasingly capital-intensive, a major user of high technology, and a provider of jobs for thousands of Canadians. In 2005, the 2 Data supplied by the Canadian Steel Producers Association. 38 industry is located mostly in Quebec and Ontario and uses natural, artificial and man-made fibres and filaments to produce and ship $6.2 billion worth of textiles and textile products, of which $3.0 billion or about 48% were exported. The Canadian market for textiles appears to have peaked at a level just shy of $11 billion in 2000, declining more than 20% in the past five years. This slump in demand is more protracted than a simple downturn in the economy — trade factors are at play. Indeed, the ATC and the rapid appreciation of the Canadian dollar have together sharpened the industry’s competitiveness challenge. The industry is prepared to meet this challenge but is seeking complementary industrial and trade policies from the federal government in the areas of an export processing strategy and on the rules of origin governing duty-free entry of imported apparel from least developed countries (LDCs). Tool, Die and Mould Making Industries The Canadian tool, die and mould making industries are comprised of two groups: industrial mould manufacturers and other metalworking machinery manufacturers.’ The industries include more than 800 companies — mostly small, Canadian owner-manager operations — located across the country that employ more than 29,000 people. These industries shipped $4.3 billion of product in 2003 (the latest year for which there are data). In terms of mould makers, in 2003, there were 637 establishments in Canada, with at least 1 establishment located in every province but none in the three territories, that employed 10,692 people, up from 9,360 in 1994. Mould shipments were $1.47 billion in 2004, growing on average by 5.7% per annum in the previous decade. The industries are built on traditional precision metalworking skills but make use of many modern and advanced technologies, including computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. Typically, tool, die and mould makers employ less than 100 people but they tend to be larger than their U.S. counterparts, thereby benefiting from efficiencies gained in labour specialization (employees in U.S. operations often have multiple roles). Canada’s eight largest mould makers rank among the top 20 mould makers in North America. They are heavily concentrated in southern Ontario. While the Canadian industries serve a wide array of industrial sectors, regional specialization in particular products and markets is evident: (1) southwestern Ontario companies focus on automotive and building products; (2) Toronto companies specialize in automotive, aerospace, appliance, packaging, consumer products and building 27 Industrial mould includes all manufacturers engaged in casting and machining industrial metal moulds, including: extrusion moulds, industrial moulds, metal casting moulds and metal moulds for rubber or rubber products machinery. 2% US. International Trade Commission, Tools, Dies, and Industrial Molds: Competitive Conditions in the United States and Selected Foreign Markets, October 2002, p. 4-4. 39 products; (3) Montreal companies focus on recreational vehicles, aerospace and building products; (4) Winnipeg companies focus on aerospace products; and (5) Edmonton and Calgary companies focus on petroleum products. The challenges facing Canada’s tool, die and mould manufacturers are principally: the rapid rise of the Canadian dollar; the increasing costs of financial and technological risks associated with supplying automotive manufacturers; and intense competition from low-wage offshore sources, most notably China. Tool, die and mould manufacturers that supply automotive manufacturers are being asked to carry a greater share of the financial and technological risks, as new tooling can take a year or more to develop while payment terms (i.e., production part approval process or PAPP) are being stretched to 18 months (whereas, traditionally, banks provide SMEs with 60-90 days of financing for accounts receivable and very limited support for work-in-process). Finally, the automotive manufacturers are increasingly setting up operations (i.e., off-shoring) in China— sometimes lured there by government financial incentives — and parts from those operations are increasingly being exported to the United States and Canada for assembly or integration with standardized parts into customized modules for final assembly. 40 CHAPTER 4: __ MANUFACTURING SECTOR’S RESPONSES TO ITS CHALLENGES DESIRE SILLS EBD LR IE The rapid appreciation in the value of the Canadian dollar in the past four years along with higher and unpredictable energy costs and strong competition from emerging economies, such as China and India, have had a negative impact on profitability in many parts of the Canadian manufacturing sector. Subsectors particularly hit hard by these economic shocks are those with a high exposure to trade and international competition: forest products, particularly pulp and paper, textiles, apparel, transportation equipment, particularly automobiles and shipbuilding, chemicals and consumer products to name but a few. Industries less exposed to trade and international cornpetition have fared much better. Particularly informative (in the aggregate) is the Bank of Canada’s series of business surveys (from autumn 2003 to spring 2006) on the impact of the appreciation of the Canadian dollar. From these surveys, one finds that the percentage of natural resource and manufacturing firms reporting an adverse impact ranged from 75% to 85% in this period and that this percentage declined with time. The percentage of natural resource and manufacturing firms reporting a favourable impact ranged from 10% to 17% and this percentage increased with time. Presumably, these iatter firms had a low export sales intensity and benefited from lower imported input costs. By contrast, only about 50% of firms reported an adverse impact while about 22% of all firms reported a favourable impact, and both these statistics remained relatively constant over the period. Further scrutiny of the surveys reveals a trend to more types of negative effects, spreading from export markets to domestic markets. All of the surveys indicated the principal effect of the rise in the Canadian dollar on those adversely affected was to lower profit margins on exports, though the percentage of firms suffering from this effect had fallen in this period from a peak of 80% in winter 2004- 05 to 69% in spring 2006. The second most important effect was felt on lower export volumes (in the range of 17% to 28% of adversely affected firms) until winter 2004-05, when a number of other effects, such as lower domestic profit margins, lower domestic prices and lower domestic sales volumes, overtook lower export volumes in importance. This trend suggests that increased foreign competition in Canadian markets led to lower domestic prices and that the loss of export sales and reduced profitability across the manufacturing sector probably rippled through to lower domestic sales. What is particularly interesting is the extent of measures taken by firms adversely affected by the rise in the Canadian dollar. In spring 2006, reported actions taken in descending order of importance were: increasing financial hedging, improving productivity or reducing costs through measures other than investing in 41 machinery and equipment, increasing inputs/processing abroad, lowering labour costs, increasing investment in machinery and equipment, raising selling prices and reorienting production (see Figure 20). Figure 20 Main Reactions of Firms Adversely Affected by | Rise in Canadian Dollar (48 Firms) | | | | Lower Labour Costs Increase Inputs/Processing Abroad Increase Investment in Machinery and Equipment Take Other Measures to Improve > Productivity/Reduce Costs Raise Selling Prices Reorient Production Increase Financial Hedging Other Do Nothing 10 12 14 16 o N 7. 6 œ Number of Firms | Source: Bank of Canada, Adjusting to the Appreciation of the Canadian Dollar, Supplement to the Spring 2006 Business Outlook Survey, April 2006 Given the speed of the rise in the value of the Canadian dollar, it is not surprising that a number of firms negatively affected by this rise did nothing, choosing instead to ride out the currency shock with the same business plan. Improving productivity and reorienting production —that is, shifting from unprofitable or less profitable to more profitable products and/or consolidating production at fewer but more productive sites while closing and shutting down less productive facilities — remained popular actions among firms adversely affected throughout the period. Financial hedging”* grew to be the most favoured response by 2006, followed by increasing inputs/processing abroad — a natural hedge. Two other responses — lowering labour costs and raising prices — peaked in 2004 and have since declined. Raising prices was impossible for a number of firms in the early stages of the appreciation, as their prices were set in U.S. dollar terms and locked in by contract for a period of time. Of particular concern to the Committee is the decision to lower labour costs through employee layoffs. Statistics Canada reported that employment in the manufacturing sector stood at 2.1 million in December 2006, up 10,000 over the previous month but down 59,300 in the past year. Job losses since the fourth 9 Financial hedging refers to firms locking in future prices today (by contract) in face of persistent and expected future appreciation of the Canadian dollar. ENS 2 quarter of 2002 have totalled 208,900 or 9.2% of total employment _ in manufacturing, with job shedding peaking in 2005 at 100,400. These job losses have occurred across all parts of the manufacturing sector, but have been particularly marked in clothing and textiles, computer and electronic manufacturing, electrical equipment and appliances, transportation equipment, and wood and paper products. Similarly, manufacturing job losses have been experienced in most provinces, but Ontario and Quebec have been hit particularly hard. To further improve productivity and decrease costs, Canadian manufacturers have increased capital spending substantially. Although job losses in the sector have been substantial, output levels have not declined by as much because of these investments as well as the reorientation of production cited above: manufacturing labour productivity thus increased at an average annual rate of 5.7% in 2005, which is almost three times the average for the business sector as a whole (compare Figures 9 and 14). With worldwide demand for energy growing and relatively few new oil and gas fields being discovered, energy reserves have been waning while the prices of energy commodities have been rising briskly since 1998. However, with the phenomenal growth of the energy-thirsty Chinese and Indian economies, energy prices have soared since 2002. Not surprisingly, the tripling of light fuel oil and natural gas prices spawned a new round of energy conservation and an energy- efficiency drive within Canadian industry not seen since the “Energy Crisis” of the late 1970s. This drive has been executed largely through investments in new technology and the turnover of capital and the replacement of old, inefficient production systems. Finally, the emergence of China in the Canadian market is a challenge for many Canadian manufacturers, particularly those whose goods have a medium to high labour content. By and large, manufacturers have chosen one of two strategies: (1) innovate and shift to more capital-intensive methods of production based on the relatively lower cost of capital in Canada than in China; or (2) outsource the labour-intensive activities or undertake some other form of partnering arrangement that incorporates Chinese competitive advantages. 43 = pcan, dette be, à 7 Bee er eee eet A HE ON OU udetsl nf de ERREUR el toate + cv N A 3 ak ire | brig ft A Wek STi ‘ an = A { D Sert SET A a He ar ty , “wo NEA 17 i ik ) | ey | ti ; ty he "À SA A Teh ‘ yee ae nl ; ee ie eer hog Som Phere eae vie + AL Mists Sie! 72 «; TRADE. Bl Aas OF if ACNSY Sve} pote ao ariet we ft. ities LA 3 Sont bin A! TOME aN Ed NEG I a Of i ie righ tories er vis pee 4 toit} ater Htc Side Miya RE en ar: 7. SF AUS Ye hs 3 7 os WA E AA) | at? Ne FO q } } : 7 7 ; L 14 fe À t | _ \ d wi 1 9 tater AD. % Me cA tt on i EW ABE MENE à À IPN TESTER See al OP Fe Re ah Ti sl peat CF atti a Ae att ea OY Gee PY RP: ae: Ab TA | AE NAS ER Hien. Be iat titan aR tert eat ; | PDP IAE era ere A LPS Ave) a ER NAN ae ar UN a aoe dE Lie | Se SaaS 35 DD NA ae À RE oF THEN! Rio aM zi mL” Nu) hina ».1 Ter sé | | Ver il SE Le CPE ¢ toad teal Gera | had oe ners oe ; 3 à k : oa or. * renal © si: AU LE 127 4e En ie LES Vo. à Wee A rm hs 2004 id Ri rie AMON 26 ARM, hen me ta doter oF tirs lie! uid bitin re rr sd tained al dues rs ta. FARK suet? à Pre PNA ome a ee ea “ V N Le | ICT | iy, ? 7 . ; oh ONE ie 4 rar ‘ feet MERS (ane oy gnsreaD » ai 4 a jé “> Be Sch ni sde. 400 dem tape Ms EE ee | =e "= pee sed (epi 26 is the eet en ete ya jé À à dota ou ie PTIT RÉ Un: = . LL L | CHAPTER 5: POLICY INSTRUMENTS AND OPTIONS ARR PSD LOIRE IDOE ET TE NO The numerous chailen the profound structural chan: previous four chapters ne Canada. Industrial policy : circumstances. In this cha: to the Canadian manufacturing sector posed by in the Canadian economy that were described in the ‘$sitate policy responses from the Government of Canada must change to reflect the new economic r, the Committee analyses the recommendations offered by witnesses (see pendix D). We traverse a policy landscape that includes monetary, taxation y, labour, trade, protection of intellectual property rights, infrastructure, regu! , and research, development and commercialization in the search for a new, f industrial policy framework that would assist and Baan erent the Canadian manufacturing sector’s productivity and competitiveness agenda. MONETARY POLICY In assessing Canadian monetar first understand its institutic: Currency exchange rate y the inflation-control targeting tactics. The was adopted by the Finance Minis positive terms of trade shock (in thi that resulted in soaring Ca: upward pressure on inflation. 1 allowed to float; market fc not unlike those that prevail toc work which rests on two pillars: a flexible «x of Canada’s independent exercise of its current floating currency exchange rate regime port prices relative to import prices) that put slieve these inflationary pressures, the dollar was ich were very strong and positive at the time — ay) were to determine its external value. After a period of targeting the narrowly defined monetary aggregate known as M1% (1970-1982) and a return to its operational target for the Bank Rate” (1982-1991), the Bank of Canada has pursued a strategy of inflation-control targeting. In February 1991, the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada agreed to introduce targets aimed a to achieve a 3% inflation rate, as measure the end of 1992 and to gradually reduce the rate of inflation to 2% by the end of 1995. This last target was extended four times by agreement and all extensions also involved maintaining a target range of 1% to 3%. The latest Government of Canada- Bank of Canada inflation-contro! target agreement commenced in January 2007 and will continue until 31 December 2011. 30 The M1 monetary aggregate is defined as currency in circulation plus demand deposits. 31 The Bank Rate is the rate of interest that the Bank of Canada charges on short-term loans to financial institutions. 45 The Bank of Canada Governing Council’s main tool for implementing monetary policy is the target for the Overnight Rate.** This rate is normally set on eight fixed dates per year.°° Prior to the appreciation of the Canadian dollar, the Bank of Canada’s Overnight Rate was set at slightly more than a half percentage point above that of the U.S. Fed Rate. This gap increased to as much as 2.2 percentage points in July 2003 but has averaged slightly more than a full percentage point between February 2002 and February 2005. Since that time, the Bank of Canada’s Overnight Rate has been almost a full percentage point below that of the U.S. Fed Rate (see Figure 21). Figure 21 } We Bank of Canada and US. Federal Reserve 4; 17e Policy Interest Rates, 2000-2006 | 7.0 — ee —— a —— — 7.0 ION) sess RSS RS ee See eee - 0.0 | SON IR TONI RON ET Se Ae oe De N OR TEEN Se ee TS | ENS 2 See eS Se SS ae Sea aS See Se LS ae Se ae es | OO ONO net en EN FQN ONIN POD MIN OMS TES TRIO D 1090 LIT LOL Om CO tO CO 2 © © © © © © © © © © © 0 © © © © OO © © © © © © © © © © 9 © 0 C0 O0 0 0 0 0 0 © © © © © 0 © ©0 © 0 © © © © © © © © NNN NNN NNN NNN NN NN NNN NNN DN NON ON SN SN Canada Overnight Rate ——~ U.S. Fed Funds Rate Source: Bank of Canada The Bank of Canada sets a 50 basis-point target band (i.e., 2 of one percentage point) for the market rate for overnight transactions. The Bank Rate is placed at the upper end of this band and the rate the Bank of Canada pays on settlement balances held by participating financial institutions is placed at the bottom end of this band. The Overnight Rate is set at the midpoint. 32 °° Bank of Canada scheduled interest rate announcements are at 9 a.m. on either a Tuesday or Wednesday of: ~ January week 3 July week 2 March week 1 September week 1 April week 4 October week 3 May week 4 December week 1 The Bank of Canada retains the option of taking action between these scheduled dates in the event of extraordinary circumstances. 46 . Monetary policy is, of course, pan-Canadian in scope and cannot be manipulated to address the specific circumstances of either one sector of the economy or one region of the country. It is also important to recognize that it is not possible for a central bank to successfully control both domestic and external values of its currency at the same time. With only one policy instrument — the Overnight Rate —a central bank can have only one target: the rate of inflation (i.e., the domestic value of the currency). The external value of the currency is determined by the market, and thus a floating currency exchange rate regime has managed the adjustment necessitated by both improving and deteriorating terms of trade in the past decade. The Committee recognizes that the Bank of Canada has been within its 1- 3% inflation target range 32 times in the past 40 quarters. Furthermore, the Bank of Canada’s setting of the Overnight Rate at a discount to that of the U.S. Fed Funds Rate in the past two years indicates that the Governor of the Bank of Canada is accounting for the rising value of the Canadian dollar in its policy decision-making. The Committee acknowledges: The Government of Canada’s decision to renew its inflation- control target agreement with the Bank of Canada that would allow it to target the consumer price index (CPI) rate of inflation at the 2% midpoint of a 1% to 3% range for a period of five years ending in 2011. TAXATION POLICY Tax relief in various forms was suggested by most witnesses and was not limited in its application to the manufacturing sector. The tax measures recommended most often included: an increase in the capital cost allowance (CCA) rates for machinery and equipment used in manufacturing and processing activities, and railway rolling stock, locomotives and inter-modal equipment, a lowering of the corporate tax rate beyond the current schedule™; and an expansion of the Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Incentive Program. These recommendations would apply not solely to the manufacturing sector but to the business sector at large. 1. The Capital Cost Allowance Regime The Committee deliberated extensively on a number of recommendations for change of the CCA rates applicable to certain equipment made by witnesses, with particular attention paid to two of them: ee ral corporate income tax rate of 21% is scheduled for As currently planned, the current federal gene gradual He to 19% by 2010, and possibly to 18.5% by 2011. See Appendix D and Supplementary Opinions for additional information and discussion. 47 e A two-year write-off period for investments in new manufacturing and processing (M&P) equipment and equipment associated with information, energy and environmental technologies; and e À capital cost allowance rate of 30% for rolling stock, locomotives and inter-modal equipment. To fully appreciate the novelty of these suggested treatments and the additional costs (in the form of revenue cost) they would imply for the federal treasury, a review of the current CCA regime is in order. Presently, capital investment expenditures cannot be written off entirely in the year incurred for income tax purposes. Rather, this expenditure/cost may be written off at the CCA rates that are permitted under the /ncome Tax Act, similar to the concept of depreciation used in financial statements. In time, these annual deductions that may be claimed under the CCA regime will result in virtually the entire capital cost being allowed as a deduction from income by the taxpayer. In the case of specific equipment that depreciates at a faster rate than implied by the CCA rate for the class of equipment to which it belongs, taxpayers can make an election for terminal loss to be claimed upon disposition of the equipment. Finally, Finance Canada’s approach in setting the CCA rate for a particular class of assets is based on the general principle that this rate reflects the “useful life” of the asset in question — this ensures investment decisions reflect economic and not tax considerations. The Committee understands that the current CCA regime allows for most M&P equipment to be depreciated at the declining balance rate of 30%. An expected benefit of accelerating the write-off period to two years would be a faster turnover of capital and a higher rate of investment. Finance Canada indicates that the revenue cost of permitting machinery and equipment used in manufacturing and processing to be fully deducted in two years — actually, three years because of the half-year rule — is estimated to cost the Government of Canada approximately $2.3 billion over five years. Such a change would also have a significant revenue cost for provinces that have signed a tax collection agreement with the federal government. The revenue cost of providing the same treatment for equipment associated with information, energy and environmental technologies could not be determined without further details on the specific design of such a measure, including the specific types of assets that would be eligible. The Committee concludes that the benefits of accelerating the CCA rates for M&P equipment and equipment associated with information, energy and environmental technologies are likely to exceed its costs. The Committee further believes that this special treatment should be extended to the business sector as a temporary measure and would be renewable based on periodic review and assessment of its benefits and costs. The Committee, therefore, recommends: That the Government of Canada modify its capital cost allowance for machinery and equipment used in manufacturing 48 and processing and equipment associated with information, energy and environmental technologies to a two-year write-off (i.e., 50% using the straight-line depreciation method) for a period of five years. This measure would be renewable for further five-year periods upon due diligence review by a parliamentary committee. The Committee was made aware by the Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers (CARS) that the current federal CCA rates governing the depreciation of rails rolling stock (15%) and track infrastructure (10%) are significantly lower than those of the United States. With these rates, it takes Canadian railways more than 20 years to fully depreciate their rolling stock assets. In contrast, U.S. tax rules allow railway companies to fully depreciate their rolling stock assets in seven years. As such, CARS claims that identical rail investment projects require a 23% higher level of earnings in Canada than in the United States to yield the same rate of return. Consequently, and particularly since continental free trade, a U.S. company that leases equipment to a Canadian railroad will likely buy this equipment from a U.S. supplier, not a Canadian supplier. The Committee is convinced that the U.S. government s CCA rates for railway rolling stock and infrastructure, which deviate significantly from those that would reflect the “useful life’ of these assets, create an uneven playing field between Canadian and U.S. railway equipment suppliers that must be met in kind. The Committee, therefore, recommends: That the Government of Canada raise the capital cost allowance rate for rolling stock, locomotives and inter-modal equipment to 30% using the declining-balance depreciation method. 2. The Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Incentive Program Canada’s SR&ED tax incentive program is one of the most advantageous in the industrialized world, providing more than $2.6 billion in deductions or credits to Canadian businesses in 2005. The tax incentives for SR&ED come in two forms: (1) income tax deductions and (2) investment tax credits (ITCs) for SR&ED conducted in Canada. In terms of income tax deductions, current expenditures (e.g., salaries of employees directly engaged in SR&ED, the cost of materials consumed in SR&ED, overhead) and capital expenditures on machinery and equipment are fully deductible in the year incurred. Unused deductions may be carried forward indefinitely. In terms of ITCs, there are two rates under SR&ED: 49 e the general rate of 20%; and e an enhanced credit rate of 35% for smaller Canadian-controlled private corporations (CCPCs) on their first $2 million of eligible expenditures; these ITCs are refundable to smaller CCPCs at a rate of 100% on current expenses and 40% on capital expenses. ITCs may be deducted from federal taxes otherwise payable. Unused ITCs may be carried back 3 years or carried forward 20 years. The Committee deliberated on a number of suggestions for change to the SR&ED tax incentive program made by witnesses. In the end, the Committee focused on the impact of one recommendation that combined most witnesses’ suggestions along the following lines: e An improved SR&ED Tax Incentive Program that would make the tax credits refundable to all firms, exclude them from the calculation of the tax base, provide an allowance for international collaborative R&D, and extend the tax credit to cover patenting, prototyping, product testing, and other pre-commercialization activities. The Committee understands that business R&D intensity (expenditure as a percentage of GDP) in Canada is lower than the OECD average, and that the business sector both funds and performs a lower percentage of total national R&D than does the business sector in other OECD countries. The above recommendation addresses virtually all of the barriers of access to the SR&ED tax incentive program mentioned by the witnesses and would likely encourage more R&D activities by the private sector in Canada. Finance Canada suggests that the cost of extending full refundability of SR&ED ITCs to all firms and all types of expenditures would depend on the treatment of existing pools and unused ITCs. Depending on whether the application of ITC pools to current taxes would affect the refund available, the fiscal cost of refundability is estimated to be between $5 billion and $10 billion over five years. Finance Canada indicates that the cost of excluding SR&ED ITCs from the tax base would depend on whether the proposal would apply only to federal ITCs, or include provincial ITCs for R&D, and whether the change in allowable expenditures for the purpose of the tax deduction would also flow through to qualified expenditures for the ITCs. Depending on how the change is implemented, the fiscal cost is estimated to be between $1 billion and $4 billion over five years. 35 . ST : te See details under Research, Development and Commercialization Policies. 90 . Finance Canada concludes that the cost of providing an allowance for international collaborative R&D would depend on the definition of this activity and the type of allowance provided. Based on Statistics Canada data on industrial payments for R&D and other technical services abroad, and assuming the allowance would be provided by including expenditures for such activities in the base for the ITC, the fiscal cost of this proposal is estimated to be $2.2 billion over five years. Finance Canada did not provide the Committee with an estimate of the cost of extending the tax credit to cover patenting, prototyping, product testing, and other pre-commercialization activities because there was no data readily available on the size of corporate expenditures on these items. Excluding the proposal to extend the tax credit to cover these other activities, the fiscal cost of implementing the above SR&ED measures would vary from $8.2 billion to $16.2 billion over five years. The Committee believes that increased R&D will lead to increased employment levels in the manufacturing sector. Given the extent of the fiscal costs to the above suggested changes, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada improve the Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) Tax Incentive Program to make it more accessible and relevant to Canadian businesses. The government should consider making the following changes: 1. make the investment tax credits fully refundable; 2. exclude investment tax credits from the calculation of the tax base; 3. provide an allowance for international collaborative research and development; and 4. expand the investment tax credits to cover the costs of patenting, prototyping, product testing, and other pre-commercialization activities. ENERGY POLICY Industrial energy use is the biggest single component of energy demand in Canada (39% of total demand in 2002). Of that demand, 30% is from energy industries themselves (mostly the upstream oil and gas industry), and 27% from the pulp and paper sector (2002 data). Industrial energy use increased by % The Office of Energy Efficiency defines the industrial sector as manufacturing activities, all mining activities, forestry and construction. 51 approximately 17% between 1990 and 2002. This increase was the result of an increase in industrial activity, which grew by about 44%. Gains in energy efficiency (between 1996 and 2002, energy intensity decreased by 11%) and structural changes in the economy (the relative increase in the activity of less energy intensive industries) have partially offset increased demand for energy. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector increased by 15% between 1990 and 2002. However, a significant shift towards the use of less GHG-intensive fuels in the industrial sector has meant that the level of GHG emissions is lower than it would have been otherwise.°’ Abundant, secure supplies of energy are essential for the manufacturing sector. The key energy sources for industry are natural gas (30%); electricity (26%); refinery fuel oils, coke and still gas (23%); wood waste and pulping liquor (14%); and coal, coke oven gas, liquid petroleum gas and gas plant natural gas liquids, steam and waste fuels (8%).% Data presented to the Committee by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business and the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters suggest that rising and/or unpredictable energy prices are one of the major business factors adversely affecting firms in the manufacturing sector. This is especially true for energy-intensive industries such as pulp and paper, chemical, petroleum refining and primary metal, which make up about 29% of Canada’s manufacturing GDP. Canada, with its large oil sands deposits as well as coal and natural gas resources, has one of the largest supplies of hydrocarbons in the world. In addition, Canada has significant capacity for hydroelectric and nuclear production. Despite this abundant supply of energy, there are problems in Canada’s overall future energy picture. Given increasing geopolitical tensions, supply disruptions (e.g., because of natural disasters or weather problems), environmental and climate change problems, and increased market and price instability, a “business as usual” approach with respect to energy consumption and supply is not sustainable. Required changes include: development of lower carbon footprint energy sources; integration of energy sources, distribution and markets; accelerated development of renewable and alternative energy sources; emphasis on the development and deployment of new technologies; a responsive regulatory environment; and a more certain and stable business environment.*° Many witnesses appearing before the Committee called on the federal government to work with the provinces to implement an energy framework that would articulate a national energy vision for Canada. This vision would provide a 7 Office of Energy Efficiency, The State of Energy Efficiency in Canada, Report 2005, Natural Resources Canada http://oee.rncan.gc.ca/corporate/statistics/neud/dpa/data e/see05/SEE0S. pdf. % Statistics from the Energy Dialogue Group. °° Presentation to Committee by Dr. Michael Raymont, EnergyINet, 2 November 2006. 52 Clear policy framework on regulation, energy R&D, commercialization, energy efficiency, and environmental issues, among other items, and would indicate how the various components are tied together. The provinces have the constitutional responsibility for natural resources and are responsible for most aspects of the regulation and promotion of the energy sector within their borders. The federal government is responsible for inter-provincial facilities and international and inter-provincial trade. Through regulatory and fiscal measures, it can facilitate and support research, development and investment in the energy sector. The Committee recognizes the importance of energy to the future of manufacturing and the need to develop cleaner energy sources. It has also duly noted the comments and findings included in the report of the National Advisory Panel on Sustainable Science and Technology. The Panel called for an increased focus on energy science and technology (S&T) to ensure long-term growth and sustainability in the Canadian economy. In particular, the Panel recommended increased funding support for innovation from governments (both federal and provincial), and the private sector. It also defined a number of key priorities for sustainable energy S&T in Canada. They include bio-energy; gasification; CO: Capture and storage; electricity transmission, distribution and storage; and fuel cells. The Committee has noted five recommendations in particular made by the Panel that pertain specifically to the federal government: Double the federal government's investments in real terms in energy research and development within the next 10 years. Provincial and Federal governments should work together to develop clear and consistent long-term market signals to address environmental issues such as climate change. In large, commodity-based energy industries, governments should consider using regulation or financial incentives to stimulate private sector funding for research to address common, long-term economic and environmental issues. The federal government should provide $30 million to leverage investment in a reputable and visionary private sector investment in a Canadian venture capital fund that is focused on energy technologies. Such a strategic investment should be made on a recurring basis to support the ongoing development and growth of i i inable Energy Science and Technology, Powerful Connections: National Advisory Panel on Sustainab gy Priorities and Saone in Energy Science and Technology in Canada, October 2006, http:/www.nrcan.gc.ca/eps/oerd-brde/report-rapport/toc e.htm. 53 innovative, knowledge-based Canadian energy technology companies; Federal energy research labs should conduct a systematic review of their mission, roles and objectives in the context of a federal energy strategy. They should then undergo a review of their activities, by external peers among others, to evaluate their ability to deliver on these goals and objectives, and to assess the effectiveness of existing structures and programs in advancing an energy strategy. Like the National Advisory Panel on Sustainable Science and Technology, the Committee recognizes the need to develop sustainable energy in Canada and sees this as an outstanding opportunity for technological innovation and economic development. The development of clean and renewable energy sources is an unavoidable challenge for Canada. As such, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada review its policies and regulatory and fiscal measures to ensure that they make a greater contribution to the development of clean and renewable energy sources, foster research and development in this area and provide greater support to companies and provinces engaged in these activities. The Committee also endorses the National Advisory Panel’s recommendation that the energy sector increase its R&D spending. LABOUR POLICY Over the past decade, three main factors have shaped Canada’s workforce: (1) an increasing demand for skills in the face of advanced technologies and the “knowledge based economy”; (2) a working-age population that is increasingly made up of older people; and (3) a growing reliance on immigration as a source of skilled labour. Added to this mix of long-term trends is a recent structural development that is forcing a reallocation of labour both from one sector of the economy to another and from one region of the country to another. Data from the 2001 Census (2006 Census data are not yet available) indicate that between 1991 and 2001, the number of people in the labour force increased by 1.3 million. Almost half of this growth occurred in highly skilled occupations that generally require university qualifications, whereas low skilled occupations requiring a high school (or less) education accounted for only a 54 quarter of the increase.*' The data also show that Canada’s workforce is aging, and that the median age of retirement has decreased (falling from 62.0 between 1992 and 1996 to 60.8 between 1997 and 2001). eee | The combination of an aging population, a lower retirement age, fewer young people entering the working-age population (because of low fertility rates), increased demand for workers with specialized skills, and international worker mobility has led (or may lead) to labour Shortages in some areas of the economy. Canada has increasingly turned to immigration as a source of skilled labour. Data from the 2001 Census show that immigrants who arrived in Canada during the 1990s, and who were in the labour force in 2001, represented almost 70% of the total growth of the labour force over the decade. If current immigration rates continue, it is possible that immigration could account for virtually all labour force growth by 2011.*° The rapid and significant appreciation in the value of the Canadian dollar since 2002 has made many manufacturers less competitive relative to foreign competitors. They have had to both shed employees and invest more in capital machinery and equipment to raise their labour productivity levels and, in turn, Stabilize their production levels and competitiveness. Given that national employment levels have risen to all-time highs and national unemployment rates have declined to modern day lows (i.e., lowest levels in 30 years), primary commodities and services sectors are engaging many of the skilled workers laid-off by the manufacturing sector. Despite the fact that manufacturing firms have been laying-off workers, many firms (sometimes the same ones) are faced with a lack of skilled labour for certain work (see Chapter 2). Slower economic growth induced by a labour skills shortage can be mitigated or countered by taking actions to: (1) increase the participation rate of those not fully participating in the labour force; (2) increase the value of work performed per person of those already in the labour market; and/or (3) increase the skill levels of those entering the labour force. Individuals falling within this first category include, amongst others, older skilled workers who are considering retirement in the immediate or near future, and immigrant workers whose skills accreditation are not recognized or who, along with Aboriginals, are not fully integrated into the labour market for reasons such as language or cultural barriers. Individuals falling within the second category include (employed and unemployed) workers whose skills can be upgraded through further training or education. 41 Statistics Canada, 2001 Census analysis series: The changing profile of Canada’s labour force, 2003, http /ww/12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/paid/pdff96F0030X1E2001009.paf- 42 Statistics Canada, “Fact sheet on retirement,” Perspectives on Labour and Income, Statistics Canada, September 2003, http://www. statcan.ca/english/freepub/75-001-XIE/comm/2005 04.pdf. 43 Statistics Canada, 2001 Census analysis series: The changing profile of Canada’s labour force, 2003. 55 Individuals falling within the third category include Canadian youth who are pursuing further education or vocational training and new working-age immigrants to the country. In the following sections, the Committee addresses three government policy instruments that could be employed to supplement measures used by employers (e.g., higher wages) to deal with the actual (or potential) shortage of skilled labour across different sectors of the economy. 1. Accreditation of Skilled Immigrants Many immigrants to Canada, though well-educated and highly skilled, face barriers in obtaining recognition of their qualifications, training and experience. A survey of 2000 Canadian employers, conducted at the end of 2004, indicated that although Canadian employers generally have positive attitudes towards immigrants and immigration, many continue to overlook immigrants in their human resource planning, do not hire immigrants at the level at which they were trained, and face challenges trying to integrate recent immigrants into their workforce.° The Government of Canada, led by the Minister of Human Resources and Social Development, in consultations with the provinces and territories and other stakeholders, has recently begun work on deciding on the mandate, structure and governance of a Canadian agency for the assessment and recognition of foreign credentials. The agency would be devoted to ensuring foreign-trained immigrants meet Canadian standards and helping foreign-trained immigrants secure jobs in their areas of expertise more quickly. The government’s Budget Plan 2006 set aside $18 million over two years for the establishment of such an agency. Given that immigration could account for virtually all labour force growth by 2011, and that many sectors of the economy will likely experience skilled labour shortages over the next decade, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada, with the consent of the Council of Ministers of Education, place a high priority on establishing the agency responsible for the assessment and recognition of foreign credentials. Discouraged job seekers are omitted. “8 Poll conducted by the Environics Research Group for the Public Policy Forum, November 2004. 56 2. Temporary Foreign Worker Program The Temporary Foreign Worker Program allows employers to hire foreign workers to meet their human resource needs when Canadian workers are not readily available. The Program is jointly administered by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and Human Resources and Social Development Canada/Service Canada, and operates under the authority of the /mmigration and Refugee Protection Act and Regulations. In November 2006, the federal government announced improvements to the Temporary Foreign Worker Program to make it easier for employers in Alberta and British Columbia to hire foreign workers when there are no Canadian citizens or permanent residents available to fill the position. The federal government has indicated that it plans to expand the program to include “occupations under pressure” in other regions of the country as well.*° Although Western Canada has been hit particularly hard by shortages of all types of labour, other areas of the country are also experiencing labour shortages. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada immediately expand improvements to the Temporary Foreign Worker Program to make it easier for employers across Canada to hire foreign workers when there are no Canadian citizens or permanent residents available to fill the position. The Government of Canada should require that employers taking advantage of this program provide working conditions that are consistent with federal and/or provincial standards for the occupation and workplace. 3. Tax Credits for Employer-financed Workforce Training The reallocation of labour described above has, in some cases, been insufficient in terms of the number of potential employees available or in matching skill sets with demand, and has prohibited some companies and industries from meeting rising demand for their goods. Improving employee skills through on-site training or by sending employees to training programs are ways for firms to deal with a lack of skilled labour. Employees with enhanced skills not only help the company providing the training, but they are more marketable in the long term, and less likely to draw Employment Insurance, or to draw it for shorter periods of time, in the future. 4 On 8 December 2006, Ontario was added to the list of regions that are permitted to participate in the program. 57 The cost of paying for training and temporarily losing employees while they are participating in training activities often prohibits companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, from providing training to their employees. Furthermore, since employees that have upgraded their skills are more marketable, they may seek other, more lucrative employment opportunities, especially in tight labour markets, once their training is complete; the company providing the training may therefore reap little or no benefit from the training for which it has paid. As an incentive to encourage companies to provide employer-financed training, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada provide tax credits and/or other measures to companies providing employer-financed training to their employees. 4. Support for Postsecondary Students Conducting Research in Conjunction with Industry Some of the witnesses who appeared before the Committee noted that university and college graduates looking for work in the manufacturing sector do not always have the required research or business skills to work in the sector. Although Constitutional jurisdiction for education rests with the provinces, there are ways that the federal government supports higher education: through the Canada Social Transfer; by providing support for infrastructure, research and scholarship in universities and colleges; by offering student loans; and by supporting international education. The Committee recognizes these jurisdictional boundaries but notes that there are appropriate avenues that the federal government can pursue to respond to the specific concerns raised by the manufacturers. For example, two federal granting agencies (the Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) offer programs that support postsecondary students and postdoctoral fellows conducting research in industry. These awards generally consist of a scholarship or fellowship from the granting agency, and a minimum cash supplement from the company hosting the student or fellow. Depending on the level (i.e., undergraduate, postgraduate or postdoctoral) of the award, the programs’ goals include encouraging graduates in science and engineering to gain experience and seek careers in Canadian industry, and facilitating the transfer of expertise and technology between academia and industry. The Committee believes that programs that provide support to students and postdoctoral fellows who have interests in industrial research and who will gain the necessary skills to contribute to and enhance R&D in Canadian industry are very valuable. As such, the Committee recommends: 58 That _the Government of Canada, complying with the constitutional division of powers, provide increased funding to programs that support postsecondary students and postdoctoral fellows conducting research in industry. 5. Labour Mobility Unimpeded labour mobility is an important component of an efficient labour market. The Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT), signed in 1994, requires that provinces and territories eliminate barriers to labour mobility such as residency requirements for registration and unnecessary fees and delays. It also requires governments to: mutually recognize the qualifications of workers already qualified in other provinces/territories; reconcile differences in occupational standards; and put in place accommodation mechanisms to help workers acquire any additional competencies they need related to differences in scope of practice across jurisdictions. Despite this agreement there continue to be inter-provincial barriers to labour mobility; progress is being made in removing these barriers but it has been slow. In September 2006, the Committee of Federal-Provincial-Territorial Ministers Responsible for Internal Trade came to an agreement on an action plan on internal trade. A key component of the action plan is a strategy to improve labour mobility so that by 1 April 2009, Canadians will be able to work anywhere in Canada without restrictions on labour mobility (i.e., full compliance with the labour mobility provisions of the AIT). The Committee supports: Agreements recently concluded on construction labour mobility between Quebec and Ontario and on trade, investment and labour mobility signed by Alberta and British Columbia. The Committee believes that removing all additional barriers to labour mobility within Canada is an important means of dealing with regional shortages of skilled labour and ultimately leads to a better allocation of labour within the country. TRADE POLICY 4. Canada-South Korea and Canada-EFTA Free Trade Agreements As a trading nation, Canada remains committed to multilateral trade and its rules-based system that underpin commercial relations with the 148 other member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Canada’s first priority on matters of trade continues to be the enhancement of the multilateral trade system, including the conclusion of an agreement based on the “Doha Development Agenda” launched in November 2001. As part of its prosperity initiative, Canada has also 59 negotiated a bilateral free trade agreement with Chile, Costa Rica, Israel and the United States and a regional free trade agreement with Mexico and the United States. To further its prosperity initiative, Canada is currently negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with the Dominican Republic, the Republic of Korea and Singapore, and regional free trade agreements with the Americas (Free Trade Agreement of the Americas), the Andean Community Countries (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela), CARICOM (the Caribbean Community), the Central American Four (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua), and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which includes Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. In particular, Canada’s trade initiatives with South Korea and EFTA are advancing, with a number of important issues and details left to be negotiated. The Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) views South Korea as a gateway to Northeast Asia, a region of strategic importance to Canadian manufacturers that have established global value chains, and a free trade agreement with the EFTA countries as a strategic platform for expanding commercial ties with these countries in particular and the European Union in general. Moreover, the latter would put Canada ahead of the United States and on an equal footing with competitors, such as Mexico, Chile, Korea and the European Union (EU) that already have a free trade agreement with EFTA. In terms of South Korea, with a population of 48 million and a GDP approaching $71 trillion, it is the largest of the four “Asian tigers” and is the world’s eleventh largest economy. In terms of EFTA, when these nations are combined and treated as one, this group would rank as Canada’s 8th largest merchandise export destination. Norway and Switzerland are ranked as Canada’s 13th and 19th most important trading partners in terms of merchandise exports. These two trade initiatives were raised by witnesses who appeared before the Committee, winning the support of a number of manufacturers. Yet automobile, tool, die and mould manufacturers have reservations on a free trade agreement with South Korea, and shipbuilders and labour union representatives have reservations on both initiatives. Their preoccupations focus on matters relating to non-tariff barriers in both South Korea and EFTA countries that make market access for Canadian firms difficult; Norwegian shipbuilding subsidies and rules of origin for ship sub-assembly components that would lead to an uneven playing field in the Canadian market; and the absence of “fair” labour and environmental standards in South Korea. These same witnesses also complained about the lack of available information and analyses on the impact that these two free trade agreements would have on particularly vulnerable industries and employment. They claim that 60 either DFAIT has not done the necessary work, or when it has been done, DFAIT has either not disclosed it to the public or has done so only belatedly. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada, through the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, complete and disclose to the public, in a timely manner, all important impact analyses of any free trade agreements with South Korea and the European Free Trade Association on specifically vulnerable industries and on employment. The Committee also reiterates the concerns expressed by Canadian manufacturers on the importance of eliminating South Korean and Norwegian non- tariff barriers to enable Canadian businesses to gain market access to these countries. 2. Trade Protection: Anti-Dumping, Countervail and Safeguards China and India are rapidly industrializing countries, but this development is a double-edged sword for Canadian businesses. Growing Chinese and Indian markets present many opportunities for Canadian exporters, but they also represent a growing challenge for Canadian producers in both their domestic and American export markets. In particular, China has adopted a lengthy set of government measures, including direct and indirect subsidies, market protection and other measures which support its export growth, in order to develop what it believes are critical industries such as steel and steel products. This rapid build-up of capacity through subsidies, the production of which often ends up in the international markets, inevitably results in market distortions in Canada and elsewhere. According to Canadian steel producers, China appears to be the only country in the world where their export prices are lower than their domestic prices, which suggests “dumping.” The Canadian steel industry, among others, wants the government to recognize the importance of applying existing trade rules when “unfair’ trade distorts markets for Canadian manufacturing companies. These manufacturers believe these “unfair” practices should be addressed before bigger problems and trade frictions develop. Witnesses also raised concerns on why Canada has chosen not to impose safeguard measures on selected foreign products, such as Chinese textiles and textile products, whereas other WTO signatory members, including the United 61 States and the European Union, have already imposed them.*’ For more clarity on this issue, the Committee understands that safeguards are temporary trade measures applied by a government on an emergency basis against increased imports of a particular good that are causing or threatening to cause serious injury to its domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products. Such measures can take the form of either tariff increases or quantitative restraints. In Canada, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) conducts safeguard inquiries upon complaint by a domestic producer or the Governor in Council and reports its findings to the government, which ultimately decides whether or not to apply safeguards and the form any such measures will take. The Committee takes note of these industry concerns regarding an apparent divergence between Canadian trade law and its application and believes more information is required. The Committee, therefore, recommends: That the Government of Canada conduct an internal review of Canadian anti-dumping, countervail and safeguard policies, practices and their application to ensure that Canada’s trade remedy laws and practices remain current and effective. This review would also include comparisons with other World Trade Organization members such as the European Union and the United States. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION POLICY Counterfeiting of goods started as a localized industry focused on the copying of high-end designer products, and has developed into a sophisticated global business involving the manufacturing and sale of counterfeit*® versions of a large range of products, including software, electrical products, batteries, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, golf clubs, automobile parts, motorcycles, and pharmaceutical products. Although it is difficult to quantify levels of any illegal activity, a 1998 OECD study“? estimated that trade in counterfeit goods is valued at more than 5% of world trade. The high level can be attributed to a number of factors: (1) advances in technology; (2) increased international trade and emerging markets; and (3) more products that are attractive to copy, such as branded clothing and software. The “” As part of China’s accession to the WTO in November 2001, China became a party to the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Under this agreement, all WTO members agreed to the termination of quotas on textiles by 31 December 2004. However, there is a safeguard mechanism in place until the end of 2008 that permits WTO Member Governments to take action to curb imports in case of market disruptions caused by Chinese exports of textile products. Furthermore, for a 12-year period starting from the date of accession, there will be a special transitional safeguard mechanism in cases where imports of products of Chinese origin cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of other WTO members. “8 A counterfeit item is an unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. OECD definition. OECD, The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting, 1998, htto:/Awww.oecd.org/dataoecd/1 1/1 1/2090589. pdf. 49 62 OECD is currently Conducting another survey of governments and industry to assess the economic impact of the counterfeiting problem today. In Canada, the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters estimate that the counterfeit industry is worth $20-30 billion dollars annually.°° In addition to the counterfeiting of trademarked products described above, intellectual property (IP) theft also involves the piracy of copyright products in digital and analogue formats. ___ According to international agreements, Canada must provide effective criminal enforcement against willful trade-mark counterfeiting and copyright piracy on a commercial scale, as well as to implement border measures to prevent the importation of counterfeit and pirated goods. For example, both the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and NAFTA require criminal enforcement and border measures. Canada does have legislation against both trade-mark offences (in the Criminal Code) and copyright offences (in the Copyright Act). Despite the existence of this legislation, Canada continues to find itself on the United States Trade Representative’s (USTR) Special 301 Watch List, which examines IP rights protection in 87 countries.°' Canada was placed on the list once again in 2006 because it has not ratified and implemented the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Internet Treaties, does not, according to the USTR, provide adequate and effective protection of copyrighted works in the digital environment, and has no legislation to protect against unfair commercial use of undisclosed test and other data submitted by pharmaceutical companies seeking marketing approval for their products.°? The USTR also suggests that Canada needs to improve its IP rights enforcement system so that it can take effective action against the trade in counterfeit and pirated products within Canada, as well as curb the amount of infringing products transiting through Canada. The Committee heard from several manufacturers who described problems that they are experiencing with counterfeit versions of their products being sold in Canada and other markets. Problems cited with respect to IP protection include the time and expense involved in pursuing patent infringement cases through the courts; inadequate enforcement by Canadian officials at the border; and the difficulty in dealing with patent infringement in countries, particularly China, which are allegedly not respecting their obligations under TRIPS. Some manufacturers suggested that these problems were a disincentive to innovate. Although counterfeiting was the focus of the manufacturers’ complaints, the Committee shares the concerns expressed about copyright piracy in recent position 50 Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters (CME), Position Paper — Intellectual Property Rights in Canada and Abroad, June 2006, http://Awww.cme-mec.ca/pdf/CME IPRO606.pdf. 51 . TR 301 Watch List, 2006, 5 ms ‘/www.ustr.qgov/assets/Document_Library/Reports Publications/2005/2005 Special _301/asset_uplo ad_file662_7650.pdf. 52 a published Regulations Amending the Food and Drug 18 October 2006, the Government of Canada p ending eh One of the amendments was to increase the market exclusivity (i.e., data protection) period for pharmaceutical products from five to eight years. 63 papers by the Canadian Anti-Counterfeiting Network and by the Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters. The Committee therefore wishes to address both issues and makes the following recommendation: That the Government of Canada immediately bring forth legislation to amend the Copyright Act, ratify the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT); amend related acts; and ensure appropriate enforcement resources are allocated to combat the scourge and considerable economic and competitive damage to Canada’s manufacturing and services sectors, and to Canada’s international reputation by the proliferation of counterfeiting and piracy of intellectual property. REGULATORY POLICY 1. Regulatory Modernization Governments use regulation in combination with other instruments, such as taxation, program delivery and services, and voluntary standards to achieve important public policy objectives. Regulations can be beneficial to businesses by creating an environment in which commercial transactions take place in predictable ways, consistent with the rule of law. Complying with regulations can, however, be a costly endeavour, and hits small businesses particularly hard. According to a survey of 7,300 firms conducted by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business, the cost of regulatory compliance is $33 billion annually. Various industry associations have called for streamlined regulations and reduced paper burden as a cost- effective way to increase productivity. Work on improving Canada’s regulatory framework has already been conducted. For example, in 2004, the External Advisory Committee on Smart Regulation submitted a report to the Government of Canada that described how to put the principles of a “smart regulation” framework into practice, and realize the vision of Smart Regulation for Canada over the next three to five years. Its report set out proposed directions and recommendations regarding international Brian Isaac and Carol Osmond, The Need for Legal Reform in Canada to Address Intellectual Property Crime, January 2006, http://Awww.cacn.ca/PDF/CACN%20Position%20Paper%20January%202006%20Clean. pdf. 54 CFIB, Prosperity Restricted by Red Tape, 2005, http://www.cfib.ca/research/reports/RatedR. pdf. 64 regulatory cooperation, federal-provincial-territorial regulatory cooperation, federal coordination, risk management, instruments of government action, the regulatory process, and government capacity. The Committee believes that, in certain cases, regulation is excessive or duplicative, and that in these cases, regulation is impeding innovation or productivity. As such, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada, in collaboration with provincial, territorial and foreign governments and the private sector, make implementation of a “smart regulation” initiative a priority. In the interests of efficiency, the government should build on the work of previous and current advisory groups in setting its goals for regulatory reform (e.g., the 2004 report of the External Advisory Committee on Smart Regulation, and the recommendations of the ongoing Advisory Committee on Paperwork Burden Reduction). 2. Environmental Regulations Many energy industry associations complain of the complicated, multi- jurisdictional regulatory processes governing approvals for new investments in energy infrastructure. Additionally, industries in all sectors are concerned about the uncertainty surrounding new environmental regulations related to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution that may be introduced by the federal government as outlined in the Notice of intent to develop and implement regulations and other measures to reduce air emissions. The federal government intends to set short-term (2010-2015), medium-term (2020-2025) and long-term (2020-2050) emissions targets for air pollutants and GHGs. The short- and medium-term targets for GHGs would be intensity-based such that the absolute level of GHG emissions may increase over the time periods involved. Nonetheless, the targets would have to be restrictive enough to allow for a smooth transition to the long-term goal of an absolute reduction of 45-65% in GHG emissions from 2003 levels by 2050. Consultations are underway to discuss the overall regulatory approach, including short-term targets. Since clear environmental regulations and unambiguous timetables for implementation of new regulations are essential for companies making new investments in energy infrastructure, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada conclude negotiations related to the implementation of any regulations on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, and that the process be expedited. 65 3. The User Fees Act The User Fees Act came into effect on 31 March 2004, with the aim of strengthening accountability, oversight, and transparency in the management of user fee activities. The Act lists requirements when proposing a new fee or amending an existing fee. Some industry associations maintain that the government is not ensuring that federal departments meet the performance standards that they are required to set under the provisions of the Act. The Committee shares these concerns and recommends: That the Government of Canada review the requirements of the User Fees Act and ensure that all federal departments are setting and meeting the performance standards and reporting to Parliament as required under the provisions of the Act. INFRASTRUCTURE Manufacturers need access to modern infrastructure to efficiently receive from and ship product to other companies along the supply chain, ship their goods to market, and allow the movement of people across the country. Given that over a third of Canadian manufacturers export more than 50% of what they produce, and only 12% of Canadian manufacturers do not export at all,°? manufacturers require access to infrastructure that allows easy and rapid access to world markets. Since the U.S. market is extremely important to Canadian manufacturers, efficient functioning of Canada-United States border crossings is essential. Additionally, in order to take advantage of the trade opportunities associated with the growing economies of Asia, Canada’s ports on the east and west coast and connecting rail lines must offer unimpeded access to those markets. Canadian manufacturers are particularly concerned about continued delays at certain border crossings into the United States. The Windsor-Detroit Corridor is Canada’s most important entry to the United States, with 28% of goods shipments between Canada and the United States passing through that corridor. Congestion at this crossing has a negative impact on Canada’s economy, particularly the automotive industry. Studies have demonstrated that a new crossing between Windsor and Detroit is required to meet long-term capacity needs and add redundancy to the crossing infrastructure. Building a new crossing requires a partnership between the U.S. and Canadian governments, and requires customs plazas and access roads on both sides of the border. The government promised in its recent economic plan, Advantage Canada, that the crossing would be in place no later than 2013.°° °° Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters, 2005-2006 Management Issues Survey, http://Awww.cme-mec.ca/pdf/SURVEY %20FINAL. pdf. % Government of Canada, Advantage Canada: Building A Strong Economy for Canadians, November 2006, p. 69, hitp://www.fin.qc.ca/ec2006/pdf/plane.pdf. 66 1. National Gateway and Trade Corridor Policy The Government of Canada, in Advantage Canada, indicated that it would work towards developing a long-term plan for infrastructure that includes predictable funding for a variety of infrastructure projects, and that it will be implementing a new national gateway and trade corridor policy. Given the importance of modem infrastructure to manufacturers (and Canadians in general), the Committee recommends That the Government of Canada announce its national gateway and trade corridor policy, and that it respond specifically to the concerns about infrastructure expressed by the Coalition for Secure and Trade-Efficient Borders in its policy. 2. FAST Lanes at Canada-United States Border Crossings According to a recent report,°” at several key border crossings there is limited access to dedicated lanes for commercial vehicles in the Free and Secure Trade (FAST) Program. This Program is a joint Canada—United States initiative involving the Canada Border Services Agency and the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP). FAST supports moving pre-approved eligible goods across the border quickly and verifying trade compliance away from the border. The Committee believes that programs such as FAST are extremely important for the efficient movement of commercial traffic across the border. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada ensure that sufficient, dedicated Free and Secure Trade (FAST) lanes be available for commercial traffic at important crossings, and be staffed to meet traffic demands during peak periods. Where infrastructure limits prohibit such an undertaking, the government should expand or alter the infrastructure to accommodate additional FAST lanes, and other border programs that facilitate trade. 3. Financing Strategy for the New Windsor-Detroit Crossing In its economic plan Advantage Canada announced in November, the Government of Canada indicated that a financing strategy for the new Windsor- Detroit Crossing would be announced in Budget 2007. A recent announcement by the Minister of Transport suggested that the government will explore the 5 Rethinking our Borders: A New North American Partnership, Coalition for Secure and Trade-Efficient Borders — July 2005, http:/Awww.cme-mec.ca/pdf/Coalition Report0705 Final.pdf. 67 opportunity to partner with the private sector to design, build, finance, and operate the new crossing. Since details of the financing strategy have not been released, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada define its financing strategy for the Windsor-Detroit crossing, including any potential tolls and toll roads associated with the crossing. RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION POLICIES One way in which the manufacturing sector can adapt to some of the challenges it is facing is for the sector to increase its R&D and innovation performance in order to improve productivity. A large econometric literature demonstrates the link between R&D and productivity. 1. Industrial R&D Spending in Canada and the OECD Industrial R&D spending in Canada is projected to reach $14.9 billion in 2006 according to reported intentions. Although absolute spending on industrial R&D (in current dollars) has increased slightly since 2001, spending adjusted for inflation (in 1997 dollars) has declined (see Figure 22). Industrial R&D spending is still recovering from the sharp decline in R&D spending by the information communications technology (ICT) sector, and in particular the communications equipment industry’s, that occurred in 2002. At the peak of the “ICT boom” in 2001, R&D spending by these industries represented 46% of industrial R&D; current R&D spending by these industries has leveled off to just below 40%.°° °° Statistics Canada, Industrial Research and Development, 2002 to 2006, Science Statistics, August 2006, http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/88-001-XIE/88-001 -XIE2006004. pdf. 68 Figure 22 Research and Development Spending in Canadian Industry, 1992 to 2006 in millons of dollars 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 1992 1993 1994 1995 {996r 1997 1986 Source: Statistics Canada, Indus {| Development, 2002 to 2006, Science Statistics, August 2006, http://www Ld 11b/88-001-XIE/88-001-XIE2006004.pdf. Between 2002 and 2006 the manufacturing sector s share of industrial R&D while the services sector's share has {hat showed the strongest decline in its / responsible for the overall decline in > communications equipment, whose fail from 15% to 11% between 2002 and juioment industry’s share of industrial R&D 2001, this industry still leads all industries in information and cultural industries are a close est industrial R&D spenders continue to be pharmaceutical and medicine cturing ($1.29 billion), scientific research and development services ($1.14 billion), and computer system design and related services ($1.06 billion). Ontario and Quebec, which together account for 63% of gross domestic product by province in 2004, were the two provinces that together ps accounted for four-fifths of industrial R&D in Canada in 2004. spending declined from increased from 35% to 40%. 7! share of industrial R&D, anc industrial R&D spending ir proportion of total industrial | 2006. Although the commun: spending has been deciinir: R&D spending ($1.58 billion in: second ($1.52 billion). The next la ). Business R&D intensity (expenditure as a percentage of GDP) in Canada is lower than the OECD average (1.07% vs. 1.53% in 2004; see Figure 23).°° Additionally, the Canadian business sector, on average, performs a lower percentage of total national R&D than does the business sector in other OECD % OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outiook, 2006 69 countries (53% vs. 67% in 2003), and funds a lower percentage of total national R&D than does the business sector in other OECD countries (47.5% vs. 61.6% in 2003).°° Figure 23 Business Expenditures on R&D as a % of GDP by Country, 1995, 2000 and 2004 % 11995 (1) © 2000 (2) à 2004 (3) e © À ESS S eS) D KL EP À & FS MOR YT SCS SS À AS VW ee KS S «A Source: | OECD: Main Science and Technology Indicators Database, July 2006. si Various explanations have been proposed as to why Canadian business, on average, performs and finances relatively little R&D. One of the explanations centres around Canada’s industrial structure: a relatively large resource sector, which is not R&D intensive compared to other sectors (e.g., high-technology); a large proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises, which may have difficulty in financing and performing certain types of R&D; and the relatively large proportion of foreign-owned firms in Canada, whereby most R&D may be conducted at the firms’ headquarters that are located abroad.®? Another explanation points to framework policies (e.g., competition policy, taxation regimes, intellectual property rights, and the regulatory regime), which may pose barriers to investing in R&D and innovation. ° OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2005. ®" StatLink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/130812203177. oe Although foreign subsidiaries do access technology from their parent and sister companies, research conducted in 2000 shows that foreign-owned firms in Canada are more active in R&D than the population of Canadian-owned firms. They are also more often involved in R&D collaboration projects both abroad and in Canada. See John Baldwin and Petr Hanel, (2000) Multinationals and the Canadian Innovation Process, Statistics Canada, http://www. statcan.ca/english/research/11F0019MIE/11F0019MIE2000151.pdf 70 4 The Committee has made a recommendation to improve the Scientific esearch and Experimental Development Tax Incentive Program (see “Taxation saa which it believes will lead to increased spending on R&D by the private sector. 2. Improving Canada’s Commercialization Performance As well as the relatively low performance and financing of R&D by the business sector, other indicators reflect Canada’s poor innovation performance. Canada lags behind its major competitors in terms of the commercialization of knowledge and discoveries (i.e., the end use of ideas through the implementation or sale of new goods or services). Recent surveys suggest that the commercialization of Canadian university research has improved over the last few years. For example, between 2003 and 2004, the number of inventions reported or disclosed by researchers to universities and hospitals increased from 1,133 to 1,432 (26%). The number of patents issued to these institutions also increased from 347 to 397 (14%) while the total number of patents held rose from 3,047 to 3,827 (26%). Additionally, more institutions are doing intellectual property (IP) management, and spending more money doing so than in the past. Despite this increase, there are still problems on both the higher education and private sector sides of the “commercialization gap.” For example, according to recent surveys cited by the Expert Panel on Commercialization, most Canadian businesses prefer strategies based on cost containment rather than innovation. In 2001, fewer than 40% of businesses in Canada considered developing new products or production techniques as being important to their business strategies. More than half, however, believed that reducing labour and other operating costs was important. A. Report of the Expert Panel on Commercialization In April 2006, the Expert Panel on Commercialization released its report, which contained 11 recommendations intended to improve Canada’s commercialization performance (see Appendix C). The Panel suggested that Canada faces a significant challenge in the low level of commitment by many Canadian businesses towards research and the many other components of innovation, especially in comparison to these levels of commitment among Canada’s major competitors. It suggested that these failings do much to explain a Cathy Read, Survey of Intellectual Property Commercialization in the Higher Education Sector, 2004, Statistics Canada, October 2006, http://www. statcan.ca/english/research/88F0006XIE/88F0006X1E200601 1 .pdf. 71 Canada’s relatively weak commercialization performance. The Committee believes that the recommendations made by the Panel are important and could boost Canada’s commercialization performance. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada seriously consider the recommendations of the Expert Panel on Commercialization and report back to Parliament on its intentions with respect to implementing any or all of them, and/or on other policies it intends to implement to improve Canada’s commercialization performance. B. Bridging the Commercialization Gap In terms of commercialization, the Committee heard about the difficulty in going from an idea to a product in the marketplace. Witnesses pointed out that Canada does very well at making new discoveries and expanding knowledge, but is relatively bad at making the follow-up investments in order to translate these discoveries into economic returns. The commercialization gap between research and the marketplace has been referred to as the “Valley of Death.” At this stage, public money begins to pull out because the returns can be increasingly appropriated by private interests, but private interests are not yet fully committed (or may not be at all) because the risks associated with commercialization can be relatively high. The Committee heard from/of “fourth-pillar’ organizations (e.g., Precarn Incorporated) that are usually independent, non-profit entities funded jointly by government and the private sector that bring together business, government and post-secondary education institutions to focus on the development and commercialization of new technologies. The Committee was impressed with the work of these types of organizations and the important work they are doing to bridge the commercialization gap. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada provide increased funding for organizations that bring together business, government and post-secondary education institutions to focus on the development and commercialization of new technologies. C. Technology Partnerships Canada There are federal government programs that help Canadian companies performing R&D take new technologies closer to the marketplace. For example, Technology Partnerships Canada (TPC) is a special operating agency of Industry Canada with a mandate to provide financial support (via conditionally repayable contributions) for strategic research and development, and demonstration projects that will produce economic, social and environmental benefits to Canadians. TPC focuses on key technology areas such as environmental and enabling technologies, which includes biotechnology and health-related applications, plus aerospace and defence technologies as well as manufacturing and communications technologies. 72 TPC support is provided via two main programs: (1) The TPC R&D investment program targets pre-competitive projects across a wide spectrum of technological development; and (2) the TPC IRAP program, delivered by the National Research Council Ss Industrial Research Assistance Program, which provides support to small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with projects valued under $3 million. The Committee heard from witnesses, particularly in the automobile and aerospace industries, who have relied heavily on TPC support for R&D and technology development. In September 2005, the previous government announced that TPC would be terminated, and replaced with another initiative to stimulate private sector technology development. In September 2006, the current government announced cuts to TPC’s funding. The terms and conditions for the TPC program expired on 31 December 2006, and no new outlines are being accepted and no new projects will be contracted under this program. Given the importance of TPC to certain manufacturing industries the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada identify, as soon as possible, a replacement program or alternative funding mechanism for Technology Partnerships Canada in order to support strategic R&D and demonstration projects by industry that are intended to produce economic, social and environmental benefits for Canadians. D. Networks of Centres of Excellence Program The Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) is a federal program that fosters partnerships among universities, industry, government and not-for-profit organizations that are aimed at turning Canadian research and entrepreneurial talent into economic and social benefits for Canada. The Committee heard from a representative from one of the NCEs (AUTO21) who questioned the value of the program’s “sunset clause,” whereby a network has a maximum lifespan of 14 years, regardless of whether it is providing value for money. The Committee believes that the NCE program is a valuable component of Canada’s innovation system, and that certain NCEs are of direct importance to the manufacturing sector. The Committee is concerned about relatively flat funding levels (about $80 million per year since 1999) to the program, and the necessity of the 14-year sunset clause. As such, the Committee recommends: That the Government of Canada conduct a review of the funding levels and operation of the Networks of Centres of Excellence program, and eliminate the automatic 14-year sunset clause that restricts the lifespan of an individual network. 73 3. Research Infrastructure The Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) was established by the federal government in 1997 with a mandate to invest in research infrastructure to increase the capacity of Canadian universities, colleges, research hospitals, and non-profit research institutions to compete internationally and enhance research productivity. The CFI normally funds up to 40% of a project’s infrastructure costs and eligible institutions and their funding partners from the public, private, and voluntary sectors provide the remainder. Based on this formula, the total capital investment by the CFI, the research institutions, and their partners, will exceed $11 billion by 2010. The CFI has a fixed budget of $3.65 billion, and its research programs will end in 2010. In terms of support to industry, CFI enhances the capacity of Canada’s research enterprise by providing state-of-the-art infrastructure required for the training of highly qualified personnel and by promoting the development of technology clusters through collaborations between public research institutions and the private sector. The Committee believes that modern research infrastructure is important to all stakeholders in Canada’s innovation system, including the private sector, and that continued federal support for research infrastructure is essential. The Committee therefore recommends: That the Government of Canada continue to fund research infrastructure through the Canada Foundation for Innovation on a cost-sharing basis. 74 CONCLUSION eee NY EVO The third millennium ushered in a new era of remarkable economic growth, with world economic activity persistently growing at an unprecedented fast pace. China and India have been a large part of the story behind this outstanding world economic performance, as their resource-thirsty economies have boosted worldwide demand for energy and base metals beyond existing supply capacities. This imbalance has set off energy and metal prices on upward trajectories not seen since the commodities boom of the 1970s. For Canada, a commodity export country, rising primary commodity prices have been accompanied by a relentless appreciation of the Canadian dollar which, despite growing demand for manufactured goods, immediately drove down the competitiveness of Canadian manufacturers relative to their foreign rivals. Indeed, the challenges posed by a soaring dollar, spiralling energy prices and intense competition from China on the Canadian manufacturing sector have been called “The Perfect Storm”. Canada is witnessing, not a cyclical change in its economy that will reverse itself sometime soon, but a long-term structural change favouring both the resources and the services sectors at the expense of the manufacturing sector. The economic data indicate that manufacturing shipments plummeted and remained depressed for three years (i.e., 2001 through 2003), taking with them manufacturing sector profits and labour productivity. Subsectors hit particularly hard by these economic shocks are those with a high exposure to trade and international competition: forest products, particularly pulp and paper, textiles, apparel, transportation equipment, particularly automobiles and shipbuilding, chemicals and consumer products to name but a few. Only after considerable industrial restructuring that included product rationalization, numerous plant shutdowns and closings, and considerable job shedding has the Canadian manufacturing sector been abie to stabilize its competitiveness with foreign rivals. Given these actions, Canadian manufacturing shipments in 2005, valued at $611.5 billion, were at its highest level ever, but even still profitability has not yet returned to the sector. Moreover, measured in terms of employment, the Canadian manufacturing sector in 2006 is nine- tenths its size in 2001. New government policies are required to respond to the challenges of the manufacturing sector. This report offers 22 specific recommendations to the Government of Canada on how it can help the sector adapt to the challenges it is facing. Indeed, the Committee is convinced that the adoption and implementation of these recommendations, within the framework of an industrial strategy, will help revitalize Canada’s manufacturing sector, making it more resilient and competitive for the benefit of all Canadians. The Committee also emphasizes that urgent action on the part of the Government of Canada is required, and that preserving a competitive manufacturing sector In Canada should be a national goal. 75 ee Ve i ry x ¥ | | | D Le NN * ta athe Tied | rs ME \ | | "i er ; ¥ 4 hy a ae ÿ sels ‘ HAE DE F2 ee Yi aa ro Br MG RNA LA va Hr mA int ae one k ne Wen he pt L Lx a Fo ANA NT Lo PO A): | A 1 1 he ROUTE ie hs A ny heh ans 1 ho Belo M ee } tale rt Nit ‘ey de jui (at oe 0" Wut ooh ae! ata CUAL I aS. Hé SEMEN PAT Fs ts ee aun teh ke # en ye ee ire La À shake bai yo A Re ot dite ih (NE nié EN AE, | de my va ñ aN eye me ne i ti | i | is an 4 Cue : Car) ars Mis: NO A tn: ify} iy: | fn) HAUT Qi and da! ré AR re mir VPRAAUEET a in HAUT RONA fs ils LA R fi i 144 } ved ui à by, 4 L 4 / \ Nie iy 1} i t Le Hé Ale fu in RE a ea én ¥ Hint I ON MEME Pk Be SR ASE 0 fr et tay | fi [ LUN xd Re ae ae iene pct Puc rs ‘ hi ‘ " | durant ANAL) bent stat EIRE LR ait 3 viEgg A, OL QAR PARU |" DNS 1m cM ali ald aa my bne hérite Oe M RUE À vil Ahan ‘ihe Sabie eaten! | Siderahiances uit a a AR OLN FOI RM RTE Mie che og Lrabiens le GR SOLO 26 VER Me rat: dae ina M eit in fini | 4 i i nr, ae nue du Hs ape ir Ps 1 LA TO TNA #00 tw rail vil f La td ao tft ? A Leo ina a He a Eat hia tas dette Anes } th ALAN OWI a ane yi ET ‘it JOMTG 4 ff 4 Ve ‘eth + rity Fur al iy i a Pe eer à DE ia ro #4 Le pur AV AE Oey an a Av hnastipésan tem à a dedi loc DCR ENT eR reg Sd lg bia aan de RECON HANI rT te Pr ale Lay i “Qu ¥ Tabi acaba ay hd Sib eyed) oie: hye Bid eae te ON ‘arme is 16) eto COTE LE 7 fs bg: nil qu ni’ ee nd 13 APPENDIX 1 LIST OF WITNESSES ete at ee Organizations and Individuals Date Meeting Canadian Council of Chief Executives 2006/05/16 3 Sam Boutziouvis, Vice-President, economics and International Trade Canadian Federation of Independent Business Lucie Charron, Policy Analyst Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters Jayson Myers, Senior Vice-President and Chief Economist Canadian Federation of Independent Business Corinne Pohimann, Director, National Affairs Canadian Council of Chief Executives David Stewart-Patterson, Executive Vice-President Canadian Federation of Independent Business Garth Whyte, Executive Vice-President Bank of Canada 2006/05/30 4 David Dodge, Governor Bank of Canada Paul Jenkins, Senior Deputy Governor Global Insight Inc. 2006/05/30 5 Dale Orr, Managing Director, Canadian Macroeconomic Services Conference Board of Canada 2006/06/01 6 Paul Darby, Deputy Chief Economist Canadian Chamber of Commerce Michael Murphy, Executive Vice-President, policy Canadian Auto Workers Union 2006/06/01 74 Peter Kennedy, Assistant to Secretary-Treasurer Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec Pierre Laliberté, Political Advisor Canadian Auto Workers Union Bill Murnigham, National Representative, research / pension and benefits department Apparel Manufacturers Institute of Quebec 2006/06/06 8 Eve Grenier, President Canadian Apparel Federation Bob Kirke, Executive Director 77 Organizations and Individuals Date Canadian Textiles Institute 2006/06/06 Harvey Penner, Chairman Canadian Plastics Industry Association Atul Sharma, Chief Economist and Executive Director, Ontario Canadian Textiles Institute Elizabeth Siwicki, President Association of International Automobile 2006/06/08 Manufacturers of Canada David Adams, President Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers’ Association Mark Nantais, President General Motors of Canada Ltd. David Paterson, Vice President, government affairs Ford Canada Paul Roy, Director, government relations DaimlerChrysler Canada Lorraine Shalhoub, Director, Public Policy and External Affairs Quebec Aerospace Association 2006/06/08 Stewart Bain, Board Member and President, advisory council Aerospace Industries Association of Canada Peter Boag, President and Chief Executive Officer Quebec Aerospace Association Sharon Core, Manager, business development and communications Aerospace Industries Association of Canada Ron Kane, Vice-President Department of Natural Resources 2006/06/13 Howard Brown, Assistant Deputy Minister, energy policy sector Department of Industry Sara Filbee, Director General, manufacturing industries branch 78 Meeting 10 11 12 Organizations and Individuals Date Department of Human Resources and Social 2006/06/13 Development Martin Green, Acting Director General, program policy planning and analysis Department of Human Resources and Social Development Cliff Halliwell, Director General, policy research and coordination directorate Department of Industry Robert Lamy, Coordinator, economic analysis, micro- economic policy analysis branch Department of Natural Resources Margaret McCuaig-Johnston, Assistant Deputy Minister, Energy Technology and Programs Sector Canadian Tourism Commission Michele McKenzie, President and Chief Executive Officer Department of Human Resources and Social Development Eric Parisien, Director, sector council program division Department of Industry Renée St-Jacques, Chief Economist and Director General, micro-economic policy analysis branch Canadian Wood Council 2006/06/15 Shawn Dolan, Director, Corporate Affairs Forest Products Association of Canada Marta Morgan, Vice President, Trade and Competitiveness Forest Products Association of Canada Tom Rosser, Chief Economist Energy Dialogue Group 2006/10/03 Dane Baily, Vice-President, Canadian Petrolum Products Institute Energy Dialogue Group Michael Cleland, President and Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Gas Association 79 Meeting 12 gi) 18 Organizations and Individuals Date Energy Dialogue Group 2006/10/03 Hans Konow, President and Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Electricity Association Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade 2006/10/05 (International Trade) lan Burney, Chief Trade Negotiator, Bilateral and Regional Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers Glen Fisher, Executive Director Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (International Trade) Kendal Hembroff, Deputy Director, Bilateral Market Access Division Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (International Trade) Marvin Hildebrand, Director, Bilateral Market Access Division Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (International Trade) | Cam Mackay, Deputy Director, Regional Trade Policy Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers Jay Nordenstrom, Director of Government and Industry Affairs Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers Rachel Pereira, Associate Director of Industry Affairs Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (International Trade) David Plunkett, Director General, Bilateral and Regional Trade Policy Department of Finance 2006/10/17 Nancy Horsman, Director, Business Income Tax Divison, Tax Policy Branch Food and Consumer Products of Canada Blake Johnston, Vice-President of Government Affairs Department of Finance Kevin Shoom, Acting Chief, Economic Development, Business Income Tax Division, Tax Policy Branch Food and Consumer Products of Canada Gemma Zecchini, Senior Vice-President, Public Policy UNITE HERE Canada 2006/10/24 Lina Aristeo, Quebec Regional Director 80 Meeting 18 19 20 "22 Organizations and Individuals United Steelworkers Jorge Garcia-Orgales, Researcher Canadian Labour Congress Ken Georgetti, President Centrale des syndicats du Québec François Vaudreuil, President Independent Lumber Remanufacturers' Association Russ Cameron, President Polytechnics Canada Sharon Maloney, Executive Director Canadian Chemical Producers’ Association Richard Paton, President and Chief Executive Officer Canada's Chemical Producers David Podruzny, Vice-President, Business and Economics and Board Secretary Auto 21 Inc. Peter Frise, Chief Executive Officer and Scientific Director, AUTO21 Networks of Centres of Excellence Energy Innovation Network Michael Raymont, President and Chief Executive Officer Canadian Steel Producers Association Stephen Sampson, Director, Canadian Steel Partnership Council Canadian Steel Producers Association Ron Watkins, President Canada Foundation for Innovation Suzanne Corbeil, Vice-President, External Relations Electro-Federation Canada Wayne Edwards, Vice-President, Electrical Equipment Manufacturers Association of Canada Electro-Federation Canada Milos Jancik, President and Chief Executive Officer Canada Foundation for Innovation Eliot Phillipson, President and Chief Executive Officer Electro-Federation Canada Ernie Reynolds, Vice-President and General Manager, DSG-Canusa 81 Date 2006/10/24 2006/10/31 2006/11/02 2006/11/09 Meeting 22 24 26 28 Organizations and Individuals Date Department of Industry 2006/11/09 lain Stewart, Director General, Policy Branch, Science and Innovation Sector, Industry Canada Precarn Incorporated Graham Taylor, Vice-President, External Relations Electro-Federation Canada Dave Wood, President, W.C. Wood Company Atlantic Institute for Market Studies 2006/11/20 Charles Cirtwill, Acting President Maritime Steel and Foundries Limited Robert Durdan, Executive Vice-President J. D. Irving Limited Jim Irving, President Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters Ann Janega, Vice-President, Nova Scotia Division Secunda Marine Services Limited (Nova Scotia) Don Mac Leod, Vice-President Offshore/Onshore Technologies Association of Nova Scotia Paul McEachern, Managing Director City of Oshawa 2006/11/22 John Gray, Mayor Greater Oshawa Chamber of Commerce Bob Malcolmsen, Chief Executive Officer General Motors of Canada Ltd. David Paterson, Vice-President, Corporate and Environmental Affairs University of Ontario Institute of Technology Marc Rosen, Professor & Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Toronto Board of Trade 2006/11/22 Jonathan Barry, Senior Member, Economic Development Committee, Vice-President, Entreprise and Bell Canada Toronto Board of Trade David Black, Policy Advisor Mancor Industries Art Church, President and Chief Executive Officer 82 Meeting 28 29 30 31 Organizations and Individuals Date Port Credit Secondary School 2006/11/22 Jan Courtin, Principal Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. Robert Hattin, President Superior Tire and Auto Paul Hyatt, President Tempress Ltd Bill McLean, President Port Credit Secondary School Jean-François Michaud, Head of Business & Technology Department Celestica John Sloan, Vice-President, Operations planning Bernard Mould 2006/11/23 Ed Bernard, President DMS Corporation Mike Hicks, North American Sales Manager, president of the Canadian Association of MoldMakers Inc. Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce Peter Hrastovec, Chair of the Board Accucaps Industries Limited Ed Kanters, Chief Financial Officer Platinum Tool Technologies Dan Moynahan, President Windsor and District Labour Council Gary Parent, President Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. Patrick Persichilli, Director, Administration & Corporate Affairs MidWest Precision Mould Ltd Bill Storey, Partner and director CAW-Canada Mike Vince, President Team Calgary 2006/11/24 Bruce Graham, President and Chief Executive Officer, Calgary Economic Development 83 Meeting 31 32 39 Organizations and Individuals Date Meeting Flexxaire Manufacturing Inc. 2006/11/24 99 Jonathan McCallum, Vice-President, Operations and Engineering Alberta Research Council John McDougall, President and Chief Executive Officer Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters - Alberta Division Peter Ouellette, Chairman of the Board, Alberta Division Edmonton Economic Development Corporation Allan Scott, President and Chief Executive Officer Standen's Limited Mel Svendsen, President and Chief Executive Officer 84 APPENDIX 2 LIST OF BRIEFS Accucaps Industries Limited Aerospace Industries Association of Canada Alberta Research Council Apparel Manufacturers Institute of Quebec Association of International Automobile Manufacturers of Canada Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Auto 21 Inc. Bank of Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation Canada's Chemical Producers Canadian Apparel Federation Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers Canadian Auto Workers Union Canadian Chamber of Commerce Canadian Council of Chief Executives Canadian Federation of Independent Business Canadian Labour Congress Canadian Manufacturers & Exporters - Alberta Division Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters Canadian Steel Producers Association Canadian Textiles Institute 85 Canadian Tourism Commission Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers' Association CAW-Canada Daimler Chrysler Canada Department of Finance Department of Industry Department of Natural Resources DMS Corporation Edmonton Economic Development Corporation Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. Electro-Federation Canada Energy Dialogue Group Energy Innovation Network Fiberex Glass Corporation Food and Consumer Products of Canada Forest Products Association of Canada General Motors of Canada Ltd. Global Insight Inc. Independent Lumber Remanufacturers' Association J. D. Irving Limited Les Caoutchoucs et Plastiques Falpaco Inc. MidWest Precision Mould Ltd MRC of Haute-Yamaska 86 MRC of Rouville MRC of Rouville MRC of Val-Saint-Francois Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform inc. Platinum Tool Technologies Polytechnics Canada Port Credit Secondary School Precarn Incorporated Quebec Aerospace Association Retail Council of Canada Standen's Limited Superior Tire and Auto Team Calgary Toronto Board of Trade United Steelworkers Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. 87 él Me RAP ive al ¥ yoni laa eo Ur lg bs : by igh ‘ * 5 il > it \ i A 1 oy Mf NN à ‘ La We vi re A “1 t À fn ‘ ï ' F na Ua , L i i r Ÿ > LA ! “a by al r Mf Ae ¢ he ® : ‘ A He AVA CUT À ‘AD ed ] Me A - La i. f - à >i © ad TO ae i APE a ¢ à NU 5 2 « aad En ' ’ a > pees | > in ie ry iri nl - ‘ A L a a 4 _ te Rae aries Lawes } ; + | >, is = ‘ | ) A a ne | d'A a ele. PENSE Ji 1 ) LA - æ el . ET x : U pint ~~ “= ruts ie 6? | nae) ee EU 7 oa =! "1 | ‘ à TA | dei | 7 A oo 9 gut ~~ | | ae Loe 7 | ÿ Or) SV ee 27 | i APPENDIX A: MANUFACTURING SECTOR: NUMBER OF EMPLOYER ESTABLISHMENTS BY EMPLOYMENT SIZE CATEGORY AND REGION, 2005 Size of Establishment by Employment Size Category Micro Small Medium Large Province or Territory (1-4) (5-99) (100-499) (500+) — Total % Total Newfoundland and Labrador 295 272 54 8 629 1.0 Prince Edward Island 120 151 20 1 292 0.5 Nova Scotia 658 721 91 13 1483 2.4 New Brunswick 492 595 99 9 1195 2.0 Québec 7995 7810 TS 108 17026 28.1 Ontario 8548 12400 2067 205 23220 38.3 Manitoba 614 960 152 19 1741 2.9 Saskatchewan 566 620 67 6 1259 2.1 Alberta 2134 2901 365 16 5416 8.9 British Columbia 4024 3718 428 31 8261 13.6 Yukon Territory 13 14 0 0 27 0.0 Northwest Territories 8 16 0 0 24 0.0 OUEN RME RARE ar eu Oe 12 0.0 Total 25471 30246 4456 412 60585 100.0 % Total 42.0 49.9 T4" 0.7 100.0 Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Business Patterns database. 89 ; . | LA a TR : d "7 A par ue his AT ie ras Da nao a : Y I wy nu a 2 ‘ a * . 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AR Le of 4 Ÿ bo ee ae sine S gag eer ie “a ee ba es ih leaky ete g 5 & he ae me ie à 2548 red mM Le 20700 138 sar 41.396 88: > 013 PRE PO GE En CS COD CMD REPAS EE A a RomeT aim ence Gouge APPENDIX C: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED IN THE REPORT OF THE EXPERT PANEL ON COMMERCIALIZATION, 2006 e establish a business-led Commercialization Partnership Board (CPB). The CPB would create a new role for the private sector as a full partner in charting the course for, and developing policy related to, commercialization. e increase business demand for talent, through the development of a new Canada Commercialization Fellowships Program; e spur private sector hiring of highly qualified personnel with commercialization talents; e encourage and celebrate young Canadians who aim for success in science, technology and business; e develop and retain talent for success in the global marketplace; e create a Commercialization Superfund to address key commercialization challenges; e expand federal programs that support seed and start-up firms in proving their business ideas; e increase the commercialization involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), through a Canadian SME Partnerships Initiative; e improve access to early-stage angel financing and expertise; e review and identify improvements in Canada's expansion-stage venture capital market; and e remove barriers to investment for foreign venture capital investors. People and Excellence: The Heart of Successful Commercialization, Report of the Expert Panel on Commercialization, April 2006, ' http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inepc-gdc.nsf/vwapj/Volume |_e.pdf/$FILE/Volume_|_e.pdf. 93 | potes ons ntiw wna ae Eine ae ee Ler ee Honnioe Ni 225008 où nie iw “md WA Covey i St Qu-t mg bie asi hogique | heseenccuibenn: See: este 10 ser Er hs oft, gegarart (tai val 2c) tetes 242 MED ue RS nahin 5) = RUE bare pioneer btn: nl ci ess: avc SEE | : ‘ur or art a (2 giulfev 08e hier PSONNE di: ess me vga DEN bris. waive AT 4 | bas DURS rail Ve . . on | Jaleo ehites-enuirey Vino tiie ob aroinad avome. « Pe | 71 1 tri Hid on to her. coigtiege my Ki: JURA. ni ce. 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(p}U09) SINJONAJSCAU| pue apes] JEIOUIAOIC-J9}U} ANSSI AONM0d 134 REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE Pursuant to Standing Order 109, the Committee requests that the government table a comprehensive response to this Report. A copy of the relevant Minutes of Proceedings (Meetings Nos.3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 40) is tabled. 3 Respectfully submitted, James Rajotte, MP Chair 135 ai a 7 V7. i prie en à i . LU a ba ay , - ; RE ae a pt a } he NN yy TA are ‘ we 7 a Hates È ky Ne ¥ AG iy LE 1 FA " : 3 a PTE, 2 à LU. | Le Ma on he VE | A a is É i ie #1 #4 | 7 Be , ae i" aa | | ‘ ee | a” oT : ny (a oh y \" \ MM et y. A 5 4 1 PR à ; aq L - U © LUF i \ : l ke) D ‘ . de i, t Le By Ù ' ¥ ; ne | | ! ? an | : 0 1 b À = ” p 7; | 1 y - A NDP SUPPLEMENTARY OPINION Brian Masse, M. P. Windsor West NDP Industry Critic POLICY INSTRUMENTS With the manufacturing sector is made up of numerous sub-sectors that are distinctive and have a variety of challenges that need to be addressed. This can only be done by focusing with further detail before coming up with a series of policy instruments that are needed for each sub sector. Therefore the NDP recommends, That the Government of Canada develop sector based strategies for the manufacturing industry to address the specific concerns and challenges that are distinct for that particular sub-sector. For example the establishment of a National Auto Strategy that would encompass all trade, financing, labour, innovation, research, tax and environment policies as a whole. The NDP Green Auto strategy should be the model of such a policy. Other examples of sectors needing specific strategies include textiles, aerospace, shipbuilding, plastics, food processing, and chemicals. FINANCING Certain manufacturing industries are facing difficulties in regards to capital access and credit capacity. This difficulty is more pronounced in some sub- sectors than others. With large financial institutions not providing capital to sectors they previously did, this has created a unique challenge. As referred to by the payments for the Production Parts Approval Process (PAPP) system in the tool, die and mould industry being the most pronounced example of the financial barriers present in the manufacturing industry. The access to capital is essential for a capital intensive industry such as manufacturing. Therefore, the NDP recommends That the Government of Canada establishes a sector specific financing mechanism for the manufacturing industry. 137 INFRASTRUCTURE The Windsor-Detroit Gateway presently has four modes of crossing with a tunnel, bridge, rail tunnel, and truck ferry. With the potential addition of another crossing a few years away, a methodology of coordination and governance is urgently needed. This would increase the efficiency of the gateway for the movement of goods and people across the border while allowing for transportation management to fully utilize the present and potential infrastructure. This would significantly improve the long term investment climate of the region. Therefore the NDP recommends That the Government of Canada work with the Province of Ontario and the City of Windsor to establish a Public Border Authority for the Windsor-Detroit gateway to coordinate and provide oversight for all present and future crossings in the region. That the government of Canada ensures that the new crossing in the Windsor-Detroit Gateway is publicly owned and operated which provides for the lowest toll rates possible. TRADE With the Free Trade Agreement with the United States eighteen years old and the North American Free Trade Agreement in effect for thirteen years it is time for a comprehensive study to evaluate the economic outcomes of these agreements. When these studies are complete recommendations to ameliorate the operational difficulties that have resulted from these agreements must be implemented. Furthermore, a detailed analysis on sector based trade agreements must be conducted in comparison to comprehensive trade agreements. Therefore, the NDP recommends That the Government of Canada conduct a comprehensive study of the North American Free Trade Agreement economic impact over its duration, and study the economic outcomes of sector based trade agreements in a variety of sectors and how this compares to comprehensive trade agreements That the Government of Canada withdraws from the Free Trade talks with South Korea until it can be demonstrated that non-tariff and tariff barriers are eliminated in South Korea. 138 An About-face on Government Policy is Needed Supplementary Opinion from the Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois is especially proud of its contribution to this report on the gravity of the situation in the Canadian manufacturing sector. We would like to thank the many witness from a variety of backgrounds who submitted briefs to the Committee during its six months of consultations and hearings Consensus on the Findings These hearings were very enlightening and enabled the Committee members to reach agreement on a number of findings: = that the manufacturing sector has been seriously undermined, whether by increased competition from emerging countries or by the rapid rise of the Canadian dollar * both traditional and high-tech sectors have been hit = businesses will have to modernize, innovate and become better equipped in order to meet foreign competition = there will have to be an abrupt about-face in federal government policies to provide the manufacturing sector in which it can develop = that about-face must include better support for those who lose from globalization, who more often than not are the workers = trade laws must genuinely protect businesses from unfair competition Consensus on doing much more to support industry Even more importantly, Committee members noted the scope of the challenges facing the manufacturing industry and were able to agree that the government cannot respond to these challenges with laissez-faire economic policy. What should therefore be taken from this report is that the Committee is recommending that the government take must more proactive measures to support the manufacturing sector, which is facing major challenges. The Committee recommends that the government take trade measures to provide better protection for the industries undermined by fierce and sometimes unfair competition, offer tax incentives for investment in production equipment in the manufacturing sector, and budget measures to provide more support for research and development in the industrial sector. Consensus that the government must revise its policies The Bloc welcomes the general agreement expressed in the report, and for that reason we have supported it. We expect that the government will take this into account and revise its industrial policy from top to bottom accordingly. The committee's recommendations are actually the opposite of what the Conservative government has done since it was elected. For example, while the Committee is recommending that support for technological research and development in industry be increased, the primary federal program that contributes to it, Technology Partnerships Canada, ended on December 31, 2006 189 without the government announcing a new program to take its place. Industry today is in a state of complete uncertainty and R&D investments cannot help but suffer as a result. Another example is that while the Committee is recommending that support for clean energy development be enhanced, the government is working to multiply by five the oil sands production without public debate. And while the Committee is worried that some industrial sectors are being seriously undermined by fierce and sometimes unfair foreign competition, the government is refusing to implement the recommendations made by the Canadian International Trade Tribunal, which is urging that they be protected. Specific assistance measures needed in some industrial sectors The government must make a rapid about-face and propose a set of measures to provide better support for industry. Those measures will have to vary, depending on the industrial for which they are designed. The Committee clearly states that not all sectors of the manufacturing are in the same situation. It identifies some sectors that are particularly hard hit, such as textiles, clothing, furniture and forestry. The Bloc Québécois has had occasion in the past to propose a set of measures designed specifically for those sectors. In every case, they are measures to accelerate modernization in the industries and to create trade conditions that will allow them to carry out that accelerated modernization. To date, the government has done absolutely nothing to assist them. Because what the Bloc is calling for takes exactly the same approach as in the Committee's recommendations, the Bloc Québécois believes that it is better equipped to take up this cause and bring more pressure to bear on the government to help industries in these sectors that have deep roots in Quebec. In addition, the Committee recognizes that it is important for high-tech industries to be able to compete on a level playing field. They are weakened if their foreign competitors receive support from their governments while here they are left to their own devices. For that reason, the Committee is recommending that support for R&D in industry be significantly intensified. That is exactly what the Bloc Québécois was calling for. Let us not forget that Quebec accounts for over a third of Canadian exports of high technology goods. At the top of the list is the aeronautics industry, which has been left completely on its own since the Conservative government came to power. Here again, the repeated calls by the Bloc Québécois for a complete and coherent set of measures to support the aeronautics industry to be put in place are consistent with the consensus reached by the committee. Here again, the report submitted by the Industry Committee gives the Bloc Québécois more ammunition for getting the government to put an aeronautics policy of this nature in place. Consensus on the importance of trade issues The Committee recognizes that foreign competition has radically changed the environment in which manufacturing businesses operate. In fact, this is the source of the greatest pressure on the manufacturing sector, along with the rise in the Canadian dollar prompted by oil exports from the West. 140 Obviouslyy it was not within the Industry Committee's terms of reference to review all of Canada's trade laws. However, the Bloc would like to echo the alarm sounded by a number of companies: we must adapt our trade laws and the application of those laws to the current context. The government must stop turning a deaf ear when the Canadian International Trade Tribunal finds that an industrial sector is suffering serious harm because of rising imports and recommends that protective measures be taken. And laws must be tightened to provide genuine protection for our businesses against unfair competition. The case of Chinese companies, where the government has relaxed the criteria for determining whether they are practising dumping, resulting in the abolition of antidumping duties that protected bicycle manufacturing, is an obvious case in point. Ultimately, we will have to seriously revisit the very structure of trade agreements. Is it reasonable not to regard trade in a product manufactured contrary to the leading international labour rights, environmental protection or human rights agreements as unfair? Does this failure to take into account human, social or environmental considerations in trade agreements not open the door to a kind of unfair competition in which parties that honour their international commitments are penalized? And is this not an incentive for out-sourcing and exploitation in other countries? The Industry Committee's hearings brought to light the enormous pressure that whole segments of the manufacturing industry are enduring. The Bloc Québécois plans to work even harder on this issue and ensure that the federal government plays an active role in opening this discussion at the international level. The ones left behind The transformations that will have to take place in the manufacturing sector over the next few years will enable many businesses to develop, as long as an effective policy is adopted. Some, however, will be unable to keep up, and their future is in jeopardy. The Bloc Québécois believes that it is essential that we provide workers in those businesses with a decent quality of life, and this aspect of the future of the manufacturing sector must not be swept under the carpet. For that reason, the Bloc Québécois is calling for an income support program to be created for workers 55 and over who are victims of mass layoffs and who are unable to find work, in addition to the measures now found in the TIOW. Such a program could be funded by the federal government and the provinces in the same way as the former POWA, on a 70%-30% basis. In addition, it would be administered by the provincial governments. The objective of the income support program for older workers would be to enable workers who are unable to find work to have a decent income until they retire, so that they would not have to rely on social assistance and sell off everything they have acquired over their working lives. Employment insurance Year in and year out, the employment insurance fund amasses surpluses of billions of dollars. When those surpluses are diverted from their true purpose they allow the 141 government, in turn, to reap surpluses that it invests as it sees fit. The Bloc Québécois has denounced this state of affairs on many occasions and called for the creation of an independent fund so that this diversion will stop and the funds will be used solely for the purposes of the employment insurance scheme. The Bloc Québécois believes that an appropriate premium rate and using the fund exclusively for the purposes of employment insurance would allow for the scheme to be reformed for the benefit of workers who lose their jobs, and in particular workers in the manufacturing sector. Such a reform should include an increase in the coverage rate, from 55% to 60%, elimination of the waiting period, an increase in the maximum number of benefit weeks to 50 weeks, a reduction in the minimum qualifying period to 360 hours regardless of the regional unemployment rate, and an increase in the maximum insurable annual earnings, from $39,000 to $41,500. An industrial policy designed to meet the needs of Quebec In many ways, the industrial base in Quebec is different from in Canada. While medium-technology goods account for the bulk of Canadian exports outside Quebec, Quebec's manufacturing industry, on the other hand, is characterized by strong representation of high-technology businesses and more traditional industries. In view of these and various other differences, it would not be realistic to imagine that a federal industrial strategy will be able to provide a complete response to the needs of Quebec industry. For that to happen, the policy would have to be designed in Quebec, based on Quebec's interests alone. That requires that Quebec itself have control over all of its levers of economic development. 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Be a Lt ise: Langone agua RROCRES en rs ij a ei? ¥ ‘> «Tt A mn io Labs one at hegre, BDOU | 00 0 DE beet | 10S 0 eR Ce. i Lvl DOMAINE Politique de sécurité RECOMMANDATIONS continuer d'accorder la priorité à l'initiative de Partenariat pour la sécurité et la prospérité créer une stratégie de fabrication à long terme intégrée à une stratégie de renouvellement en matière de défense nationale, où les entreprises recevant un appui devront être prêtes à répondre aux besoins de fabrication en cas d'urgences nationales TÉMOINS Chambre de commerce du Canada Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. 91 DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Infrastructures et commerce interprovincial (suite) améliorer l’infrastructure routière, en particulier la construction de la route 407 pour contourner Toronto investir dans l’infrastructure des transports et de l'énergie investir dans l’infrastructure des transports et de l'énergie investir davantage dans l'infrastructure routière, notamment par le partage du produit de la taxe sur l’essence avec les municipalités consacrer un milliard de dollars par an, prélevés sur le Fonds canadien sur l'infrastructure stratégique, aux transports en commun réaliser des missions commerciales interrégionales au Canada au lieu de missions commerciales internationales établir des partenariats d'entreprises interrégionaux comme ceux qui existent à titre expérimental entre Calgary et Québec Greater Oshawa Chamber of Commerce Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. Tempress Ltd.; Manufacturiers et | Exportateurs du Canada — Division de ’Alberta Toronto Board of Trade | Toronto Board of Trade Windsor and District Labour Council Team Calgary SL RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS Infrastructures et commerce interprovincial (suite) mettre sur pied des mesures incitatives pour un transport des Association canadienne des marchandises « plus vert » grâce à une assurance responsabilité | fournisseurs de chemins de fe civile complémentaire tant pour les camions que pour les trains encourager Transports Canada à financer de nouvelles Association canadienne des technologies et les mises à niveau du système de transport des fournisseurs de chemins de fer voyageurs par chemin de fer aider à réduire le coût en capital de nouveaux équipements du Association canadienne des transport en commun de façon à diminuer les tarifs fournisseurs de chemins de fer établir une stratégie nationale complète pour coordonner l’action Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du des diverses industries concernées par le commerce Canada international, le transport et la sécurité améliorer l'infrastructure des transports et le réseau routier pour Atlantic Institute for Market Studies créer davantage de liens directs entre les fabricants et leurs marchés réduire les obstacles aux mouvements interprovinciaux en Atlantic Institute for Market Studies; matière d’investissement, d'échanges et de main-d'œuvre Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada — Division de l’Alberta vrl DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Industrie (suite) Infrastructures et commerce interprovincial politiques d’approvisionnement exigeant un contenu canadien, a utiliser de concert avec des programmes de promotion des produits canadiens auprès des Canadiens créer des encouragements pour inciter les sociétés à s’établir au Canada, ce que de nombreux États américains font déjà développer des mécanismes de résolution des différends aux décisions exécutoires pour le commerce interprovincial besoin d’une stratégie nationale d'infrastructure des transports, envisageant des discussions concernant des partenariats public- privé améliorer les infrastructures physiques à la frontière canado- américaine investir dans les transports afin de s’ajuster aux modifications des sources de gaz naturel Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform Inc. Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform Inc. Conference Board du Canada Chambre de commerce du Canada Syndicat des travailleurs et travailleuses de l’automobile du Canada Groupe pour un dialogue sur l'énergie SS DOMAINE Industrie (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS poursuivre le programme Partenariat technologique Canada, et Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. appuyer les programmes comme la Stratégie ontarienne d'investissement dans l’industrie automobile créer une politique fédérale globale pour les secteurs de Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. l’automobile et de la fabrication, comprenant des encouragements à l'investissement, l'amélioration de la structure fiscale, des programmes à risque partagé et des politiques commerciales protéger les fabricants d'outils contre le risque financier associé à | Platinum Tool Technologies la longue période qui sépare le début de la production et la perception des premières recettes a) en permettant aux fabricants d'obtenir un droit de rétention sur leurs produits; b) en maintenant le programme d’assurance de créances d’EDC, avec un programme similaire pour les produits qui ne sont pas exportés; c) en permettant une meilleure coordination des paiements et des crédits de TPS; et d) en encourageant les banques à accepter des risques de crédit plus importants CvL DOMAINE TÉMOINS oF Mancor Industries RECOMMANDATIONS Industrie (suite) faire en sorte qu'on offre davantage d’incitatifs aux entreprises canadiennes pour qu’elles prennent de l'expansion et investissent au Canada pour concurrencer les incitatifs qu’offrent d’autres pays créer un système de financement par prêt pour les Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. investissements partagés entre le gouvernement et l’industrie dans le capital et le développement des compétences où les remboursements reposent sur les rentrées futures générées par les produits et les procédés innovateurs créer des programmes pour aider les entreprises à obtenir les Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. ressources financières nécessaires pour investir dans la technologie et l'équipement de pointe; inclure possiblement une exonération de remboursement de prêt fondée sur le maintien de l'emploi et la création d'emplois Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. créer une stratégie industrielle et manufacturière comprenant une aide à la modernisation des biens d'équipement, ainsi qu'à l'augmentation du savoir et de l'investissement en matière de technologies de fabrication « allégées » DOMAINE Industrie (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS politiques d’approvisionnement exigeant un contenu canadien, a utiliser de concert avec des programmes de promotion des produits canadiens aupres des Canadiens développer des mécanismes de partenariat entre les principaux intervenants de certains secteurs industriels afin de cibler les intérêts manufacturiers à moyen et à long terme il ne faut pas fournir de capital direct ni de subventions a la production a l’industrie veiller a ce que les subventions gouvernementales ciblent la productivité et pas seulement la création d'emplois instituer un programme national d’incitatifs pour permettre aux municipalités de soutenir la concurrence étrangère pour ce qui est d'attirer des investissements chercher à attirer de gros fabricants au Canada TÉMOINS Association canadienne des producteurs d’acier Association canadienne des producteurs d’acier Association canadienne des producteurs d'acier Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Ville d Oshawa Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Industrie (suite) OÿL promouvoir l’utilisation du bois dans la construction non résidentielle créer un forum où les travailleurs pourront participer à la réorganisation de leur industrie dans le but d’en accroître la productivité investir dans une nouvelle politique industrielle « plus verte » et la soutenir, surtout dans le secteur de l'automobile créer une stratégie d'emploi à long terme pour le secteur manufacturier canadien « innovateur et hautement productif » par l'entremise d’investissements dans la R-D, le développement des compétences et les nouvelles infrastructures créer une « banque de développement sectoriel » afin d'aider à investir dans la restructuration des industries il ne doit pas y avoir de programmes spéciaux pour des industries particulières Conseil canadien du bois Centrale des syndicats du Québec Métallurgistes unis Congrès du travail du Canada Congrès du travail du Canada Association canadienne des fabricants de produits chimiques 6EL DOMAINE Industrie (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS politiques d’approvisionnement exigeant un contenu canadien, a utiliser de concert avec des programmes de promotion des produits canadiens aupres des Canadiens poursuivre les activites du Programme des industries canadiennes du textile et du vêtement (PICTV) promouvoir les vêtements fabriqués au Canada mise en ceuvre d’un programme de perfectionnement passif pour l'industrie du textile (les vêtements importés fabriqués a partir de tissus Canadiens entreraient au Canada en franchise de droits) opposé à la recommandation pour le perfectionnement passif les programmes devraient réserver une partie de leur financement aux PME (dans l’aérospatiale par exemple) offrir du soutien aux organisations qui doivent composer avec le règlement américain relatif au commerce international des armes (ITAR) TÉMOINS Institut des manufacturiers du vêtement du Québec Institut des manufacturiers du vêtement du Québec UNITE HERE Institut canadien des textiles Institut des manufacturiers du vétement du Québec Association québécoise de l’aérospatiale Association québécoise de l’aérospatiale SEL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Recherche et développement/ commercialisation (suite) Industrie faire participer le gouvernement fédéral à I-CAN (Innovation Canada) soit par l'octroi de subventions, soit en rendant I-CAN admissible aux programmes de financement de la R-D étendre les mécanismes de soutien de la R-D à la commercialisation de nouveaux produits et l'obtention de brevets, y compris des brevets internationaux le gouvernement fédéral devrait encourager une réduction des subventions au secteur manufacturier continuer de soutenir les grands investissements stratégiques dans l’industrie automobile par la participation au Conseil du partenariat pour le secteur canadien de l’automobile offrir des garanties de prêt de l’État offrir des subventions directes à l’achat de matériel neuf se servir des fonds du Régime de pensions du Canada pour financer les dépenses d'équipement des PME Alberta Research Council Flexxaire Manufacturing Inc. Global Insights Inc. Syndicat des travailleurs et travailleuses de l’automobile du Canada Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec Let DOMAINE | Recherche et développement/ commercialisation RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS encourager l'accroissement du financement de la R—D dans le secteur manufacturier accroître les investissements en R—D, en particulier les partenariats entre l’industrie et l’université améliorer les transferts de technologie entre l’université et l'entreprise encourager la recherche universitaire axée sur la commercialisation et les besoins de l’industrie; investir dans les programmes de commercialisation des industries et participer à leur financement investir dans la recherche et le développement par exemple en revoyant et en élargissant le programme de RS-DE, mais aussi en accordant davantage de subventions et pas seulement des crédits d'impôt veiller à ce que les investissements en R—D soient liés a de véritables besoins commerciaux et à des produits commercialisables Ville d'Oshawa University of Ontario Institute of Technology Tempress Ltd. Valiant Machines & Tool Inc. Accucaps Industries Limited Alberta Research Council 9EL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Recherche et développement/ commercialisation (suite) allouer un financement stable et à long terme au FCI à compter du budget du printemps associer le financement de projets à d’autres services de soutien qui encouragent la collaboration entre l’industrie et le milieu universitaire, surtout durant l'étape de commercialisation des nouvelles technologies encourager les projets de recherche axés sur le marché encourager davantage la R-D dans le secteur privé en assortissant les bourses accordées par le gouvernement pour la R-D universitaire de conditions exigeant une collaboration avec l’industrie encourager et simplifier les programmes de collaboration industrie-universités en matière de R-D Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation | Precarn Incorporated Precarn Incorporated Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Maritime Steel and Foundries Limited SEL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS Recherche et développement/ commercialisation (suite) mettre en place une approche méthodique et coordonnée pour les divers programmes de financement de la recherche inclure les augmentations du taux d'inflation dans le financement des projets de recherche à long terme intégrer la R-D à l’industrie et aux consommateurs dans une « chaîne d’approvisionnement de l'innovation »; en particulier, partager les risques que présente la conversion des nouvelles découvertes en projets pilotes avec le secteur privé, par exemple en utilisant une sorte de mécanisme d'assurance faire participer davantage le secteur privé à la supervision des programmes de recherche et de développement financés par les deniers publics afin de s’assurer que la recherche répond aux besoins du marché TÉMOINS Réseau de centres d'excellence AUTO21 Réseau de centres d’excellence AUTO21 Energy Innovation Network Energy Innovation Network VEL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Recherche et développement/ commercialisation (suite) rétablir le programme de développement de transport durable des marchandises ou concevoir un programme similaire qui appuierait les innovations technologiques appuyer la R—D en général, mais surtout permettre l'acheminement de nouvelles technologies vers les marchés s'assurer que la recherche effectuée dans les universités canadiennes et subventionnée par le gouvernement canadien est développée et commercialisée au Canada et non pas dans d’autres pays accroître les possibilités de placements de capital de risque dans les nouvelles technologies au Canada investir dans la recherche appliquée ainsi que dans la recherche fondamentale Supprimer la disposition de temporisation de 14 ans qui s'applique aux réseaux de centres d'excellence (c.-à-d. permettre aux RCE de renouveler leur mandat de 7 ans à plus d’une reprise, et ce tant que l'industrie concernée participe au programme) Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer Métallurgistes unis Congrès du travail du Canada Polytechnics Canada Réseau de centres d'excellence AUTO21 cel Réglementation (suite) Recherche et développement/ commercialisation RECOMMANDATIONS instituer un système de plafonnement et d’échange d’émissions de dioxyde de carbone, avec des crédits compensatoires pour la biomasse asseoir la réglementation environnementale sur des bases scientifiques saines et ne pas seulement copier ce qui se fait ailleurs voir à l'harmonisation des réglementations canadienne et américaine maintenir le Partenariat technologique du Canada, le doter de ressources suffisantes et tenir compte de l’évolution des investissements en R—D tout au long du processus de R-D le gouvernement et les organes de financement devraient distinguer les différentes phases de la R-D et traiter chacune différemment commercialiser la recherche (faire participer l’industrie à la R-D); par exemple, développer le programme d'encouragement au transport des marchandises et le programme de développement des technologies ferroviaires J. D. Irving Limited Maritime Steel and Foundries Limited General Motors du Canada Ltée Association des industries aérospatiales du Canada Association québécoise de l’aérospatiale Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer cel DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Réglementation Energy Innovation Network (suite) garantir un milieu de la réglementation réceptif et un environnement d'entreprise plus assuré à long terme sai : , 4 Groupe pour un dialogue sur accélérer l'approbation des nouveaux ouvrages hydro-électriques l'énergie/Association canadienne de en augmentant la coordination entre les compétences et les l'électricité ministères fédéraux et en améliorant les calendriers des évaluations réglementées adn : , ; ante à Association canadienne des appuyer les modifications réglementaires et investir afin de producteurs d’acier faciliter la participation des industries dans la production combinée d'électricité f Association canadienne des fabricants S'assurer que la réglementation environnementale tient compte de produits chimiques des différences sectorielles au niveau des émissions et des réductions antérieures des émissions Électro-Fédération Canada s'assurer que le processus réglementaire est concurrentiel pour ce qui est du coût et de la rapidité | Électro-Fédération Canada conclure des ententes avec les autres compétences afin de réduire les chevauchements dans le processus réglementaire LEL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS : Réglementation Groupe pour un dialogue sur l'énergie réglementer l'électricité de façon à ce que les prix puissent évoluer en fonction de la conjoncture : : x : : Groupe pour un dialogue sur avoir une plus grande latitude sur le plan réglementaire afin de l’énergie/Association canadienne du permettre la passation de contrats a long terme (surtout pour le gaz gaz naturel) et ainsi éliminer la volatilite des prix + hale Ne Groupe pour un dialogue sur ne pas faire marche arrière à la suite de la dereglementation l’énergie/Association canadienne du réussie dans les secteurs du pétrole et du gaz gaz ; à , | F EE Groupe pour un dialogue sur s'assurer que la réglementation des prix de l'électricité permet la l'énergie/Association canadienne de conclusion de partenariats ayant pour objectif de récupérer les l'électricité coûts des investissements des industries du secteur des technologies avancées 3 ; . ac ¢ : Produits alimentaires et de examiner et réorganiser le milieu de la réglementation canadienne | consommation du Canada (pour les produits alimentaires et de consommation), surtout en ce qui a trait à la réduction des délais d'évaluation des produits, a l'amélioration de la coopération juridictionnelle et ministérielle, à la flexibilité permettant de s’ajuster aux normes internationales et à l’utilisation des données scientifiques internationales O€L DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Réglementation (suite) alléger la réglementation et les formalités administratives instituer un processus d'examen de la réglementation, systématiser la mesure et la déclaration du fardeau que représente la réglementation régime réglementaire qui encourage la mobilité de la main-d'œuvre et réduit les facteurs qui découragent les travailleurs d’aller s'installer ailleurs suivre les recommandations faites en 2004 par le Comité consultatif externe sur la réglementation intelligente simplifier, rationaliser et évaluer le cadre réglementaire il faudrait calculer la valeur comptable nette de toute réglementation (sur l’économie, sur l’environnement, sur la santé, etc.) réviser la Loi sur la concurrence afin de garantir que l'examen des fusions tienne davantage compte des économies d'échelle Fédération canadienne de l’entreprise indépendante Fédération canadienne de l’entreprise indépendante Conseil canadien des chefs d'entreprises Chambre de commerce du Canada; Conseil canadien du bois Conference Board du Canada Conference Board du Canada Association des produits forestiers du Canada 6cL Politique commerciale (suite) Protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle Réglementation RECOMMANDATIONS tenter résolument de conclure des accords commerciaux régionaux et bilatéraux, mais par au détriment des négociations multilatérales améliorer la mise en œuvre des règles commerciales à la frontière pour lutter contre l'importation et l'exportation de contrefaçons veiller à l'application des règles commerciales et protéger les droits de propriété intellectuelle pour entretenir la confiance des Canadiens et des Américains dans notre partenariat commercial aider les entreprises à compenser les frais juridiques et autres frais liés aux poursuites judiciaires en matière de protection conférée par un brevet international accélérer les homologations réglementaires (dans le secteur pharmaceutique) faire observer la Loi fédérale sur les frais d'utilisation — veiller a ce que les frais soient dûment déclarés et concurrentiels au niveau international TÉMOINS Conseil canadien du commerce de détail Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada; Accucaps Industries Limited; Flexxaire Manufacturing Inc.; Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform Inc.; Caoutchoucs et plastiques Falpaco inc. Conseil canadien des chefs d’entreprises Caoutchoucs et plastiques Falpaco inc. Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada; Fédération canadienne de l’entreprise indépendante 8cL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS Politique commerciale (suite) | Clarifier les stratégies gouvernementales relatives à l'exportation des produits manufacturés imposer des droits de douane sur les importations en provenance d’Asie de produits aussi fabriqués au Canada imposer des droits dissuasifs sur les importations en provenance de pays peu respectueux de l'environnement élargir l’actuel programme des missions commerciales en y intégrant des mesures qui incitent les entreprises à développer les relations stratégiques nécessaires pour que le Canada demeure un pays exportateur net s'assurer que les importateurs étrangers doivent se soumettre aux mêmes contraintes environnementales que les entreprises canadiennes ne pas mettre en place des systèmes d'échange de crédits d'émission pour des questions environnementales; il serait préférable d'exiger des pays n'ayant pas respecté leurs obligations environnementales qu'ils indemnisent ceux qui l'ont fait en leur versant un pourcentage de leurs revenus d'exportation À = — Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada — Division de l’Alberta Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform Inc. Plastiques Cellulaires Polyform Inc. Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. MRC de la Haute-Yamaska Caoutchoucs et plastiques Falpaco inc. RA pe | Politique commerciale (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS améliorer le passage de la frontière canado-américaine, non seulement pour les marchandises, mais aussi pour les personnes veiller a ce que les accords commerciaux futurs (en particulier avec les pays qui comptent de grands constructeurs d'automobiles) soient justes et réciproques égaliser les chances contre les concurrents étrangers qui protègent et subventionnent leurs industries empêcher les grandes sociétés de délocaliser leurs opérations de fabrication de pièces au profit de pays où les salaires sont moindres examiner les prix de cession interne au niveau international pour prévenir le dumping au Canada conclure un pacte de l'automobile avec la Chine, la Corée et d’autres pour contrecarrer les droits et règlements protectionnistes de ces pays TÉMOINS Canadian Association of MoldMakers / DMS Corporation General Motors du Canada Ltée; Ville d’Oshawa Canadian Association of MoldMakers / DMS Corporation; Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce Windsor and District Labour Council Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce MidWest Precision Mould Ltd 921 DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS a Politique commerciale (suite) Independent Lumber Remanufacturers Association reconvoquer les comités sur le commerce international de bois d'œuvre avec les Etats-Unis afin de permettre aux entreprises de mettre leur grain de sel maintenant que leurs dirigeants comprennent l'accord actuel et, en particulier, s’assurer que tous les droits imposés sont clairs et conséquents (aucun droit rétroactif), de sorte que les entreprises puissent prévoir leurs coûts de façon adéquate Association canadienne des utiliser les règles commerciales existantes pour s’ajuster aux producteurs d’acier manipulations des marchés causées par le développement rapide de certains pays (comme la Chine et l'Inde) qui subventionnent largement certaines industries Offshore/Onshore Technologies Association of Nova Scotia et Secunda Marine Services Limited ne pas conclure d'accord Canada-AELE tant que ne seront pas instituées les politiques nécessaires pour permettre aux constructeurs de navires canadiens de soutenir la concurrence de l'industrie norvégienne, protégée Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du soutenir l'Initiative de la porte de l’Asie-Pacifique et établir une Canada porte et un corridor de l'Atlantique Greater Oshawa Chamber of Commerce; Tempress Ltd.; Celestica; Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce: Accucaps améliorer l'efficacité du transport transfrontalier des marchandises (en particulier entre Windsor et Detroit) SCL Politique commerciale (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS aider a promouvoir les ventes et a subventionner les missions commerciales dans les marchés internationaux, surtout en Chine poursuivre et accélérer les négociations bilatérales de libre-échange dans la foulée de la suspension des pourparlers de l'OMC mettre en place des mesures temporaires de sauvegarde aux termes de l'OMC afin de limiter les importations de vêtements provenant de la Chine mettre en application, le cas échéant (p. ex. à la suite d’une recommandation du Tribunal canadien du commerce extérieur) des mesures de protection temporaires afin de donner aux industries le temps d'apporter des modifications ou de s'adapter considérer l’absence d'application des règles sur les brevets ou de normes environnementales dans les autres pays (par exemple en Chine) comme l'équivalent de subventions industrielles lors de la négociation des accords commerciaux ne pas appuyer le projet de loi C-24 (Loi sur le droit à l'exportation de produits de bois d'œuvre, 2006) TÉMOINS Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer Produits alimentaires et de consommation du Canada UNITE HERE Centrale des syndicats du Québec Congres du travail du Canada Independent Lumber Remanufacturers Association vel TEMOINS DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS Politique commerciale (suite) | trouver une solution qui permettrait d'ouvrir le marché sud-coréen | Association canadienne des de l'automobile aux importations (p. ex. : approche fondée sur des | constructeurs de véhicules indicateurs du marché, avec rétablissement temporaire des droits) révision des règles d’origine relatives aux PMA Institut canadien des textiles supprimer les droits de douane sur les tissus qui ne sont pas Institut des manufacturiers du produits commercialement au Canada vêtement du Québec collaborer étroitement avec nos homologues sur les questions qui | Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du entourent l'Initiative relative aux voyages dans l'hémisphère Canada occidental encourager les États-Unis à réduire les subventions relatives à Groupe pour un dialogue sur ethanol ou égaler leurs subventions l'énergie/Institut canadien des produits pétroliers , + | Association canadienne des S assurer que les exonérations de droits pour les importations fournisseurs de chemins de fer provenant de pays en développement sont supprimées une fois que ces pays deviennent des concurrents industriels DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Politique énergétique Ville d'Oshawa creer une stratégie énergétique nationale qui soutient la R-D, établit un cadre propre à stabiliser les prix de l'énergie et institue un climat d’affaires compétitif Ville d'Oshawa fournir des incitatifs pour ceux qui atteignent des cibles en matière d’efficience énergétique Alberta Research Council encourager le gouvernement fédéral, par l'intermédiaire du CNRC, à soutenir les projets d'utilisation du CO: et de production d'électricité à partir de la biomasse Politique commerciale mettre l'accent sur les ententes commerciales régionales et bilatérales qui offrent un bon accès aux marchés Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada Conseil canadien des chefs d'entreprises le Canada doit maintenir le cap sur l'importance du régime commercial multilatéral et tenter de contribuer à l'élimination des obstacles au commerce international Chambre de commerce du Canada continuer de réclamer la libéralisation des échanges Syndicat des travailleurs et travailleuses de l'automobile du Canada; Congrès du travail du Canada abandonner la négociation d’un accord de libre-échange avec la Corée du Sud col DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Politique énergétique (suite) éclaircir la politique sur les changements climatiques afin que l'industrie pétrolière puisse prendre les décisions appropriées à long terme revoir les programmes actuels et proposés, notamment ceux destinés aux Canadiens à revenu relativement faible, pour s'assurer que l'efficacité énergétique et les possibilités de remplacement de combustible sont pleinement prises en considération dans l'atteinte des objectifs environnementaux et liés à la capacité financière accroître le soutien aux programmes pour la démonstration, l’utilisation et l'adoption de technologies et de projets énergétiques intégrés encourager le développement de nouvelles technologies de production d'énergie, surtout des technologies « vertes » (comme l'énergie éolienne) encourager l'investissement dans les énergies renouvelables, en particulier en modifiant les usines pour que celles-ci génèrent leur propre électricité à partir de la biomasse ou d’éoliennes — éventuellement en permettant une déduction de 150 % des coûts Groupe pour un dialogue sur l’énergie/Institut canadien des produits pétroliers Association canadienne du gaz Association canadienne du gaz Métallurgistes unis J. D. Irving Ltd. L a L DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Politique énergétique soutenir les nouveaux ouvrages hydroélectriques afin de conserver l’avantage du Canada dans les prix de l'électricité, etc. Élaborer un cadre énergétique plus cohérent Imposer des délais sur les subventions pour ies énergies alternatives promouvoir l’utilisation de biodiésel et d’autres carburants renouvelables développer un cadre énergétique solide qui inclut l'énergie nucléaire comme un moyen de générer une alimentation stable en électricité sans émissions intégrer les sources d'énergie et les systèmes de distribution accélérer le développement de sources d'énergie de remplacement accroître la sensibilisation et la coopération de la population à l'égard du besoin de créer de nouvelles infrastructures énergétiques Groupe pour un dialogue sur l'énergie Groupe pour un dialogue sur l'énergie Groupe pour un dialogue sur l’énergie/Association canadienne du gaz Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer Association canadienne des fabricants de produits chimiques Energy Innovation Network Energy Innovation Network Groupe pour un dialogue sur l’énergie/Association canadienne du gaz OcL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) Politique énergétique travailler de concert avec les provinces et les territoires à faire connaître les programmes de garde d'enfants pour permettre aux femmes de travailler élaborer une stratégie en matière d'énergie favorable à l'établissement d’un climat commercial compétitif envisager l'énergie d’un point de vue continental développer une politique nationale sur l'énergie et les ressources fournir des encouragements et des ressources aux producteurs industriels à l’appui de l’efficacité énergétique développer un cadre énergétique assurant une charge d'alimentation suffisante au secteur manufacturier et la Stabilisation des prix de l’énergie incorporer des biocarburants dans le flux des produits pétroliers raffinés « d’une manière qui favorise le fonctionnement des marchés » Conseil canadien du commerce de détail Chambre de commerce du Canada Chambre de commerce du Canada | Syndicat des travailleurs et travailleuses de l’automobile du Canada et Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec 3 Association canadienne de | des plastiques Groupe pour un dialogue sur | ye e industrie nergie 6LL DOMAINE Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS investir davantage dans les cours de métiers et la formation, notamment dans le recyclage des travailleurs d’age mûr déplacés veiller à ce que les programmes de développement des compétences financés par l'Etat répondent bien aux besoins en consultant les dirigeants de l’industrie favoriser l'élaboration de programmes collégiaux et universitaires en collaboration avec l’industrie, et créer un point de liaison entre l'industrie et les établissements d'enseignement pour que ces derniers connaissent mieux les besoins de l’industrie; financer ces programmes avec des fonds fédéraux utiliser les excédents budgétaires actuels pour appuyer la formation continue concevoir une stratégie d'immigration « moderne » qui met l'accent à la fois sur les travailleurs aptes à la formation et déjà compétents revoir les politiques fiscales qui peuvent inciter les Canadiens adultes à se retirer du marché du travail Windsor and District Labour Council Windsor and District Labour Council Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. Conseil canadien du commerce de détail Conseil canadien du commerce de détail SLL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS ~ Compétences de la | a ee ae) ; Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. main-d'œuvre (suite) | Encourager l'immigration pour rajeunir la population active École secondaire Port Credit encourager des partenariats de l’industrie avec les écoles secondaires qui offrent des programmes techniques (comme le programme régional de haute technologie de l'École secondaire Port Credit) École secondaire Port Credit permettre aux étudiants et aux apprentis de déduire leurs dépenses d'outils Celestica chercher à attirer des jeunes dans le secteur manufacturier et leur donner la formation nécessaire durant leurs études Celestica aider les entreprises qui contribuent à la formation des étudiants par des programmes de stages, etc. — = DOMAINE Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS modifier la politique en matière d'immigration pour mieux l’adapter aux besoins en main-d'œuvre; encourager les jeunes entrepreneurs immigrants faciliter les choses aux entreprises qui veulent faire venir des travailleurs temporaires, par exemple en provenance du Mexique effectuer une réforme du régime d’AE pour supprimer les obstacles à la mobilité de la main-d'oeuvre réduire les effectifs dans le secteur public de manière à libérer des travailleurs qui pourront alors travailler dans le secteur privé encourager les collèges communautaires à multiplier les programmes de formation industrielle en collaboration avec les industries et les syndicats Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Maritime Steel and Foundries Limited 9LL TÉMOINS DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS Compétences de la Polytechnics Canada main-d'œuvre (suite) encourager la coopération entre les gouvernements, les industries et les instituts polytechniques afin de former des travailleurs qui auront des compétences recherchées ; Ve CRE Ge Lens Rte Association canadienne des instaurer un crédit d'impôt qui sera déduit des cotisations d’AE producteurs d'acier: Électro-Fédération pour la formation de la main-d'œuvre financée par l'employeur Canada: Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada ! Association canadienne des mettre l'accent sur les programmes gouvernementaux de producteurs d'acier ressources humaines portant sur les compétences techniques avancées 2 | Association canadienne des le gouvernement doit travailler de concert avec l'industrie afin de producteurs d’acier faire la promotion auprès des jeunes des carrières dans le secteur de la fabrication Centrale des syndicats du Québec le gouvernement doit élaborer une politique visant à protéger et à accroître le nombre d'emplois spécialisés J. D. Irving Limited faciliter l'accès aux subventions et programmes de formation de la main-d'œuvre, en alléger les formalités; éliminer les restrictions qui visent actuellement les prestataires de l'AE DOMAINE | Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS réévaluer la position du congé de maternité au sein du système de l’AE afin d'accroître les incitatifs pour que les employeurs offrent des prestations de maternité suffisantes utiliser le système de l’'AE comme un incitatif, semblable aux rabais de prime d’AE qui sont actuellement octroyés aux employeurs qui offrent leurs propres prestations de maternité, pour que les employeurs donnent de la formation axée sur les compétences en faire davantage afin d'améliorer la formation en emploi de façon à ce que les travailleurs puissent être à jour dans leurs compétences élaborer une stratégie nationale de « compétences humaines » afin de fixer des objectifs à court et à long terme visant à garantir une main-d'œuvre compétente mettre sur pied un système national de virement-crédit entre les établissements d'enseignement ainsi qu’un système de crédit pour les acquis des étudiants adultes accroître la capacité d'apprentissage en ligne du Canada Congrès du travail du Canada Congrès du travail du Canada Congrès du travail du Canada Polytechnics Canada Polytechnics Canada Polytechnics Canada DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) DLL | ; UNITE HERE mettre sur pied un Programme d’adaptation des travailleurs âgés qui comprend les travailleurs de l’industrie du vêtement, surtout a Montréal : Sez : Centrale des syndicats du Québec mettre sur pied un système visant à aider les PME a adopter de nouvelles methodes de gestion des employés plus coopératives Oe ; Centrale des syndicats du Québec étudier les options de retraite progressive pour faire face a une population vieillissante de travailleurs qualifiés Métallurgistes unis faire participer à nouveau le gouvernement fédéral à la formation axée sur les compétences et surtout à la formation des prestataires d’AE pour qu'ils puissent s'adapter aux nouvelles industries ou aux nouveaux emplois sans perdre leurs prestations (semblable aux programmes d’apprentissage existants) | ar Métallurgistes unis instaurer une taxe de 1 % pour les sociétés qui ne forment pas leurs employés (suivre le modèle québécois) j Ë SOUS: ; Congrès du travail du Canada investir dans des formations sur l’alphabétisation et les notions de calcul de base pour les travailleurs Clb DOMAINE _ Compétences de la main-d'œuvre (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS le gouvernement fédéral, les gouvernements provinciaux et le secteur privé doivent en faire plus au chapitre de la formation des salariés revoir le régime d’assurance-emploi encourager davantage les migrations vers des marchés du travail plus prometteurs investir davantage dans l’enseignement supérieur investir davantage dans les programmes d'apprentissage fournir des encouragements fiscaux aux PME parce qu'elles offrent des possibilités de formation et d'apprentissage dont profitent ultérieurement les grandes entreprises encourager les entreprises, en particulier les PME, à offrir davantage de possibilités de formation rétablir le Programme d'adaptation des travailleurs âgés (PATA) Global Insights Inc. Global Insights Inc.; Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce Global Insights Inc. Chambre de commerce du Canada; Mancor Industries Chambre de commerce du Canada; Ville d’ Oshawa Association québécoise de l’'aérospatiale Chambre de commerce du Canada; Platinum Tool Technologies; Ville d’Oshawa Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec; Centrale des syndicats du Québec CLL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Compétences de la ie ae, ISF : : : : ; Chambre de commerce du Canada : main-d'œuvre (suite) eoeliien l'intégration a la population active des immigrants et des Conseil canadien du commerce de utochtones détail ne , 2 Chambre de commerce du Canada améliorer la reconnaissance des titres de compétence Chambre de commerce du Canada et faciliter l'intégration des immigrants dans des emplois qui leur Conseil canadien du bois conviennent par l'adoption de politiques d'accréditation efficaces | métiers et les professions Re à ae ee ; Conference Board du Canada établir un système d’accréditation national simple et coordonné en commençant par les 10 branches d’activité où les pénuries de main-d’ceuvre sont les plus graves Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du compenser les couts de formation en allégeant les autres charges | Canada sociales (comme l’assurance-emploi) Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses congé de formation financé à même l’assurance-emploi du Québec Banque du Canada insister davantage sur le perfectionnement continu et l'offre de compétences TE RE Ce LLL Politique fiscale - Taux de la déduction pour amortissement (suite) Competences de la main-d'œuvre RECOMMANDATIONS faire revoir officiellement par un comité industrie/gouvernement les critères d'admissibilité à inclure dans le taux de déduction pour amortissement accéléré et les récentes majorations temporaires faire correspondre le taux de la déduction pour amortissement au taux équivalent américain pour le matériel ferroviaire permettre l’amortissement d’un bien d'équipement dès l’année où les dépenses sont engagées et non pas seulement à partir de l’année de mise en service du bien accélérer le traitement des demandes d’immigration émanant de travailleurs spécialisés et le processus de sélection de ceux qui possèdent des compétences en demande voir a ce que le systeme de permis de travail corresponde aux besoins en main-d'œuvre travailler plus efficacement pour attirer au Canada les travailleurs étrangers nécessaires pour répondre aux besoins en main- d'œuvre; consacrer plus de ressources aux régions cibles (comme l'Asie) TÉMOINS Association canadienne du gaz Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer J. D. Irving Limited Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada DOMAINE Politique fiscale - Taux de la déduction pour amortissement (suite) OLL RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS taux de la déduction pour amortissement : faire en sorte que la vie utile du bien corresponde a la réalité économique permettre l'amortissement en deux ans des machines et du matériel porter le taux d'amortissement des dépenses d'équipement de 4 % à 8 % pour le système de distribution de gaz naturel porter le taux de la déduction pour amortissement de 8 % à 12 % pour les infrastructures électriques et jusqu’à 45 % pour les compteurs intelligents et les autres biens des secteurs de la communication et des logiciels Chambre de commerce du Canada: Chambre de commerce de Toronto Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada; Association canadienne de l'industrie des plastiques; Association canadienne des producteurs d’acier; Electro-Fédération Canada et Association canadienne des fabricants de produits chimiques; J. D. Irving Limited; Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce; Edmonton Economic Development Corporation Groupe pour un dialogue sur l’energie/Association canadienne du gaz Groupe pour un dialogue sur l’énergie/Association canadienne de l'électricité L 60 DOMAINE Politique fiscale - programme d'incitation fiscale pour RS—DE (suite) Politique fiscale - Taux de la déduction pour amortissement RECOMMANDATIONS instituer dans le crédit pour RS—DE un incitatif à la création de produits viables (commercialisables) veiller a ce que les entreprises puissent déduire leurs crédits d'impôt pour RS—DE accumulés de leurs cotisations d’AE ou s’en servir à l'égard de leurs dépenses d'équipement augmenter les déductions relatives aux coûts en capital pour le programme RS-DE amortissement accéléré du matériel et des investissements technologiques accélérer la déduction pour amortissement TÉMOINS Atlantic Institute for Market Studies Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec; Association des fabricants internationaux d'automobiles du Canada; et Edson Packaging Machinery Ltd. Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada; Fédération canadienne du vêtement, Association des produits forestiers du Canada 80L. DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TÉMOINS Politique fiscale - programme d'incitation fiscale pour RS—DE rendre les crédits d'impôt pour RS—DE plus accessibles / améliorer le programme d’incitatifs fiscaux pour RS—DE rendre les crédits d'impôt pour RS—DE plus accessibles : permettre l'inclusion du remboursement dans l'évaluation du projet, inclure les travaux coopératifs internationaux et les coûts du travail de précommercialisation (par exemple, le brevetage, le prototypage) imposer à Industrie Canada (et non pas à l'ARC) la responsabilité d'évaluer les propositions relatives à la RS-DE rendre les crédits d'impôt pour RS—DE remboursables, et les exclure de l'assiette fiscale permettre que le crédit pour RS—DE couvre aussi la R — D collaborative internationale et les coûts de brevet Association canadienne de l’industrie des plastiques; Institut canadien des textiles; Fédération canadienne du vêtement; Association des industries aérospatiales du Canada; Association canadienne des producteurs d’acier; Bernard Mould | Electro-Fédération Canada Association canadienne des fournisseurs de chemins de fer Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada; Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada ZOL RECOMMANDATIONS Politique fiscale générale (suite) corriger le regime fiscal de manière que les retraités et les Atlantic Institute for Market Studies | prestataires d’AE ne perdent pas d'argent quand ils retournent | travailler encourager les provinces a remplacer la taxe de vente par une Chambre de commerce de Toronto taxe sur la valeur ajoutée comme la TPS/TVH et envisager de | DOMAINE | | | nouvelles réductions de la TPS pour faciliter la transition instituer un système de transfert des pertes entre les membres Windsor and District Chamber of d'un même groupe de sociétés Commerce accroître les crédits d'impôt à l'investissement et pour l'acquisition | Valiant Machine & Tool Inc. d’immobilisations, ce qui compenserait les coûts immédiatement favoriser les achats au pays ( p. ex. en accordant un crédit Caoutchoucs et plastiques Falpaco d'impôt à ceux qui achètent des produits fabriqués au Canada) inc. envisager une réduction du taux marginal d'imposition des Conseil canadien du commerce de particuliers pour les familles dont le revenu est faible ou modeste | détail réduire à nouveau la TPS / TVH de 1 % Conseil canadien du commerce de détail 901 DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Politique fiscale générale (suite) Métallurgistes unis mettre l'accent sur les réductions d'impôt et les incitatifs fiscaux dans certains secteurs, par exemple les avantages fiscaux pour les activités de recherche et de développement ou l'investissement dans les nouvelles technologies et les nouveaux équipements réviser les lois sur les fiducies de revenu afin d'encourager les Congrès du travail du Canada sociétés à réinvestir leurs profits dans le développement de leurs produits ou dans leur expansion dans les industries où il y a des investissements temporaires de Congrès du travail du Canada crédits d'impôt pour de nouveaux équipements, etc., comme l'industrie automobile, ces crédits d'impôt devraient encourager l'achat de produits fabriqués au Canada utiliser les incitatifs fiscaux pour encourager les entreprises à Polytechnics Canada investir dans la formation de leur main-d'œuvre permettre aux entreprises d'accorder des primes au rendement et | J. D. Irving Limited d’autres primes en franchise d'impôt jusqu’à concurrence de 2 500 $ pour les salariés qui gagnent moins de 50 000 $ par an exonérer d'impôt les programmes de santé et de bien-être des J. D. Irving Limited salariés parrainés par l'employeur SOL DOMAINE Politique fiscale generale (suite) RECOMMANDATIONS porter le seuil du taux d'imposition marginal le plus élevé sur le revenu personnel de 118 000 $ a 150 000 $ harmoniser les taxes de vente provinciales avec la taxe sur les produits et services (TPS) introduire un allegement fiscal pour les dépenses de réinstallation si le gouvernement veut encourager les gens a acheter des véhicules, il doit le faire indépendamment de la technologie si l'impôt sur les gains en capital est aboli, il faut s'assurer que les profits sont réinvestis dans les infrastructures des entreprises s'assurer que les frais imposés aux usagers sont utilisés conformément à la raison pour laquelle ils sont recueillis et qu’il existe une trace écrite vérifiable TÉMOINS Chambre de commerce du Canada: Windsor and District Chamber of Commerce Association des fabricants internationaux d'automobiles du Canada; Conseil canadien des chefs d'entreprises; Conseil canadien du commerce de détail Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Canada General Motors du Canada Limitée Centrale des syndicats du Québec Électro-Fédération Canada vOL DOMAINE RECOMMANDATIONS TEMOINS Politique fiscale générale (suite) Association canadienne des ramener le taux d'imposition des sociétés a 17 % d’ici 5 ou 6 ans producteurs d’acier : oem) LE Électro-Fédération Canada: Chambre maintenir l'engagement gouvernemental d’abaisser l'impôt fédéral | de commerce du Canada: des sociétés pour le ramener de 21 % à 19 % et ultérieurement à Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du 17% Canada : BIW. 46 Je Conseil canadien des chefs S'assurer que l'impôt des sociétés est globalement avantageux d'entreprises par rapport aux États-Unis 7 à | Association des fabricants rendre la structure du régime fiscal très concurrentielle (par internationaux d'automobiles du exemple au niveau des taux marginaux d'imposition réels) Canada; Association des produits forestiers du Canada | ¢ UE < Windsor and District Chamber of se servir de l'excédent budgétaire fédéral pour accélérer la Commerce réduction de l'impôt des sociétés Sat : ; A RES Chambre de commerce du Canada réduire le taux marginal d'imposition des familles à faible revenu et à revenu modeste (25 000 $-45 000 $) et évaluer les « récupérations » (la réduction du crédit de TPS et des prestations pour enfant à charge à mesure que le revenu augmente) €OL ANNEXE D : RÉSUMÉ DES RECOMMANDATIONS PRÉSENTÉES PAR LES TÉMOINS Eu DOMAINE | RECOMMANDATIONS Politique monétaire Politique fiscale générale TÉMOINS encourager la Banque du Canada à assouplir sa politique sur les taux d'intérêt de manière à réduire les pressions à la hausse qui s'exercent sur le dollar canadien décourager les autres pays de laisser flotter leur monnaie pour en tirer un avantage économique injuste réduire l'impôt sur les investissements des entreprises réduire l'impôt sur les gains en capital appuyer un projet visant à réduire l'impôt des sociétés, des particuliers, foncier et autres et les remplacer par une augmentation de la taxe de vente afin d’équilibrer le fardeau fiscal dans les prix des produits fabriqués au Canada et importés accélérer la réduction prévue de l'impôt des sociétés Syndicat des travailleurs et travailleuses de l’automobile du Canada, UNITE HERE; Métallurgistes unis; Ville d'Oshawa Platinum Tool Technologies Global Insights Inc.; Association des produits forestiers du Canada Global Insights Inc. 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Kee OF esse detente 66 Canada Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador Île-du-Prince-Édouard Nouvelle-Écosse Nouveau-Brunswick Québec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta Colombie-Britannique Territoire du Yukon Territoires du Nord-Ouest Nunavut Source Statistique Canada _ http://www40.statcan.ca/l02/cst01/manuf28_f.htm 2001 en millions de $ 543,272.00 2,467.80 1,222.00 8,228.10 11,829.50 131,945.50 285,013.50 11,343.80 7,379.50 45,479.60 38,302.60 16.6 39.2 4.3 % 2002 en millions de $ 0.45 0.22 4:51 2:18 24.29 52.46 2.09 1.36 8.37 7.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 559,902.70 2,091.30 1,300.30 8,852.60 12,446.70 133,624.50 297,820.70 11,820.10 7,398.90 45,407.20 38,610.10 22.6 56.6 Dae ANNEXE B: TOTAL DES LIVRAISONS POUR LES INDUSTRIES MANUFACTURIERES, PAR PROVINCE ET TERRITOIRE, 2001-2005 % 0.47 0.24 1.63 223 24.60 54.82 2.18 1.36 8.36 td 0.00 0.01 0.00 2003 en millions de $ % 2004 en millions de $ 2005 en millions de $ 562,551.70 2,583.80 1,287.40 9,138.00 12,401.50 133,832.10 294,889.10 12,695.80 7,853.10 48,076.00 39,691.00 20.6 78.3 5.1 0.48 0.24 1.68 2.28 24.63 54.28 2.34 1.45 8.85 7:31 0.00 0.01 0.00 586,105.80 2,544.50 1,299.40 9,751.30 13,636.20 135,517.00 304,430.20 13,517%:50 9,179.70 53,818.40 42,303.50 22.8 80.5 4.9 0.47 0.24 1.79 2.51 24.94 56.04 2.49 1.69 391 7.79 0.00 0.01 0.00 591,086.00 2,347.30 1,289.60 9,898.70 14,958.90 137,038.30 300,081.20 13,490.70 9,939.00 60,310.60 41,139.80 24.6 86.6 5.8 0.43 0.24 1.82 2:75 25:22 55.24 2.48 1.83 11.10 Gol 0.00 0.02 0.00 "aa 1) F2 SO petri Beil (pared het acer a LRRY. ye OES Fre OMIOLT 2 . aaa) hil, 4 ot ét) à ‘souuusiIpeued SelJSNpuI sap asinjonijs El] 0°00L 0°0 0°0 0°0 9'EL 68 Le 6€ £'8€ L'8c 072 ve S‘0 OL 1830} % 000! 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ep sauOU sep juouBisye }° jUEeXy xne19pe} saJa}siulw Sa, sno} enb ainsse,s }9 UOHESIIHN.P SIEH Sa] INS 107 e| op saouabixa sa] euIWexe epeueg Np juaweusaAnof aj an) : epUEUWUUO981 JO suonedn29081d soo oBeued ayo 27 07 | & JUSWEULOJUOO J8XIF JUSAIOP sjnb jueuispusi ep LZ SeUOU Se] jueuBieye XNeJepea} SeJe}siulwW Sa] enb sed eunsse,s eu jJueweuisAnob 9] enb jueunse S9|l2110)98S SUOEI90OSSE SeUlEH9) ‘INONBIA U sles Se] JOJIPOW ep no sled xneeAnou ap Je1neJSUI,p 16e;S lInbsio] 1818pISU09 e seousBixe p aes eun aJeuinus /07 E7 ‘uOHeSIN,P sles Sa] ANS SaJAN9E sep uonso e| ap sujideyo ne souasedsues ap je IAINS ep ‘uOHeSIIqesuodses ap SJU9UI9j9 Se] 19910jU81 ap enA us JNANBIA us WesJUs VOHeSI/NN,P SIC Sa] INS 107 | ‘pOOT Sew LE 27 uonesijijn.p sled $a] ins 107 e1"¢ “0191999 JIOS SnSS990.1d a] aNb 39 ‘anbiuaydsowjze uonnjjod e] 3e Bas ap Joyo e ze6 ap suoissiwus sap uoljonpa e] INS s}usWa|/He1 ap a1ANeO Ud ASIW E] E SAAI}EIAI suonel90Bau se] anjouod epeuedg np juowoeusonanof 9] on) : PPUBLULUODSI SPWOD a] ‘enbneBieus sinjonujseyul | SUEP S]JUBLUASSISOAUI XNESANOU ap jJUaN}Oaye Inb sesudenus se] Inod sjanuesse JUOS SjueWe|He1 XneeAnou Sep dJANeO Ud asiwW e| NOd senboanbe uou ssaloURsYd9 sep je sulejo XNEJUSWISUUOIAUS sjUsWwe|6e1 sep enb euuop jue}; "@UU9} NOD e Syn9efqo se] suduuo9 A ‘auleyUaWe|6e1 eyooidde | ins sino9 us juos SUOHE}NSUOD SEq ‘0GOZ !9!,P £O0Z ep xXneeaiu xne yodde sed % GO e Gp ep JUBA S29 9p SUOISSIL9 Sap anjosqe UOHONpSs eun,p eue} Huo] e noefqo] S18A INBONOp US UOHISUBJ} BUN a1yeouued JNOd SJnoujSe1 Zesse 219 JUePUSddD jUaIeJASP Syn98fqo S97 ‘S99SIA Sepoed sa] juepuod JejueuwuBne yenod S39 ap suoissiwue sap njosqe nesalu aj enb epos ap ‘a}ISUSJUI] INS JUsIeEYaPUOJ BS SAH se] Anod euuse] UsAOW e je NOD e sjnoelqo se] ‘S45 ap je senbusaydsouwyje sjuen|jod ap suoissiwe sel] Jnod (QG0Z-0Z0Z) euuez Huo] e je (GZOZ-0ZOZ) ewe} UeAOW e ‘(SLOZ-0LOZ) SUE} nos e sJn92{qo Sap JAX ap UOHUDS}UI| E [P19p8} JUSWISUISANOP 97 ‘senbueydsouje SUOISSIWS Sa] a4INDE. 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