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Full text of "Getting back to business : sixth report of the Standing
Committee on Industry, Science and Technology
"
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CLOUT
Government
A | 4 Pubticattore
a ;
HOUSE OF COMMONS
CANADA
3 1761 11970859 2
Getting Back to Business
sixth Report of the Standing Committee
on Industry, Science and Technology
Susan Whelan, M.P
Chair
November 2001
The Speaker of the House hereby grants permission to reproduce this document, in whole or in part for use in
schools and for other purposes such as private study, research, criticism, review or newspaper summary. Any
commercial or other use or reproduction of this publication requires the express prior written authorization of the
Speaker of the House of Commons.
If this document contains excerpts or the full text of briefs presented to the Committee, permission to reproduce these
briefs, in whole or in part, must be obtained from their authors.
Also available on the Parliamentary Internet Parlementaire: http://www.parl.gc.ca
Available from Public Works and Government Services Canada — Publishing, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9
GETTING BACK TO BUSINESS
Sixth Report of the Standing Committee on
Industry, Science and Technology
Susan Whelan, MP.
Chair
November 2001
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STANDING COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRY, SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
CHAIR
Susan Whelan, M.P. (Essex, Ontario)
VICE-CHAIRS
Walt Lastewka, M.P. (St-Catharines, Ontario)
Charlie Penson , M.P. (Peace River, Alberta)
MEMBERS
Larry Bagnell, M.P. (Yukon, Yukon)
Stéphane Bergeron, M.P. (Verchères-Les-Patriotes, Québec)
Bev Desjarlais, M.P. (Churchill, Manitoba)
Claude Drouin, M.P. (Beauce, Québec)
Jocelyne Girard-Bujold, M.P. (Jonquiére, Québec)
Preston Manning, M.P. (Calgary Southwest, Alberta)
Dan McTeague, M.P. (Pickering—Ajax— Uxbridge,
Ontario)
James Rajotte, M.P. (Edmonton Southwest, Alberta)
Andy Savoy, M.P. (Tobique—Mactaquac,
New-Brunswick)
Brent St. Denis, M.P. Algoma—Manitoulin, Ontario)
(
Chuck Strahl, M.P. (
Paddy Torsney, M.P. (Burlington, Ontario)
(Eglinton—Lawrence, Ontario)
Fraser Valley, Bristish Columbia)
Joseph Volpe, M.P.
CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE
Normand Radford
FROM THE RESEARCH BRANCH OF THE LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT
Dan Shaw, Researcher
Lalita Acharya, Researcher
James McQueen, Researcher
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2023 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/31/61119708592
THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON
INDUSTRY, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
has the honour to present its
SIXTH REPORT
Pursuant to Standing Order 108(2), the Standing Committee on Industry, Science
and Technology proceeded to a study on the consideration of the economic impact on
Canada of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. After hearing evidence, the
Committee has agreed to report to the House as follows:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAIR'S FOREWORD :.:2%:.. 10 pet aies Ana of Der tomeriel ais 1
LIST: OF RECOMMENDATIONS tizis. entente. ROR NAN. OGL puisses S
INTRODUCTION sem rame 20 ae deen. Ad tien Wee rere ieee Slee einen en eee 5
CHAPTER 1: THE INITIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE
SEPTEMBER 11 TERRORIST ATTACKS 5 oo cote eee, cen, 9
Gross Domestic’ Product 7). ees" 5 = mana eee anne eee ee ree 9
Stock Markets... OM OME A Senna eee ORES. SEE TA 10
Employment... ect eee eae 11
Conslimeranddnveston@onfidencetties ciraete 21 preeneaie. aoernnte eye cme 1%
Airline and Aerospace... fi. SEMI See, eye SENTE a ECS 19
TOURS use specs «oes pe aan ae 14
Manufacturing ss. noce fees. ge. Cates erate TR fen ieee eee rece 14
Retailing 2:9: nhs 209. DONS GRRE, Mp ites tee ON eee 15
CHAPTER 2: NATIONAL SECURITY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY AT
THE BORDER"... tee een eter eer nate ee ee 17
Border Realities:. 1: 2088. 2603. RL RO Re A CE A oh 17
Border Delays: Cause "and ETC ere tes acne e me aree nee 18
Canada-U.S' Cooperation: rureseecceecne tec pncce eae eee) eee ee 21
Border Crossing: |nfrastructurezand Access ee er ee 22
Customs and Security Resources and Procedures"”. "2 RS 23
Security and Safety of Canada SE CCOSUPONER ere ets eee eee eee 27
CHAPTER 3: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S IMMEDIATE RESPONSE .............. 31
Federal.Government's RESORT rc ae 32
Airline and Airport Measures and Government Compensation... 33
Canada’s Anti-terrorist Plains. 52e 0 ROM OR Pen See nn 36
Monetary Policy.) PSP eect sce eee tee ee oer O7
Federal. Budget Statement ei eee aca 39
CHAPTER 4: BUDGET PLANNING: SPENDING PRIORITIES,
TAXATION; ‘AND'FISCAL BALANCE RER en 41
Economic Context of the December200#Budget trs aah terion 41
Spending Priorities and Taxation int. 2. Serena mener MORE SON. 2 42
Vil
FiscahPblieyand'Debt:Managément:.:....7 Re Re Re 44
Economic Stabilizationrand Frscal Poe eter teemete totem nrneseete: 48
CHAPTER 5: THE INNOVATION AGENDA... sssssssssssass 51
The Government of Canada’s Innovation Agenda... érsiteemeremesses 51
Realizing the Innovation AG@Nda ...cccccsccossssessseseeseeccdteeeteneee Mek Dien nec 0 52
Costs of the Components of the Innovation Agenda …........................................... 58
Impact of the Events of SEDIEMDET TE a Te 59
CONCLUSION: 52 amet etter ee en cae ge ete iif
APPENDIX A: LIST OF WITNESSES AND BRIEFS …............................................. 59
REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE .…....................................................... 63
DISSENTING! OPINIONS fice. o.c0. A csucsveccteeies cates re PP 65
MINUTES.OF PROCEEDINGS issue nadia RO 77
viii
CHAIR’S FOREWORD
| On September 11, 2001, the world witnessed a series of horrific terrorist attacks
directed at targets in the United States of America. On that day, four jetliners were
commandeered by Muslim extremists for suicide missions; two planes targeted the World
Trade Center in New York and another plane targeted the Pentagon in Washington, D.C.
An attack against another target (possibly the White House) was thwarted by passengers
on the fourth plane; that plane crashed in a field southeast of Pittsburgh. Some evidence
Suggests that there were likely more acts of terrorism planned but aborted by the
immediate grounding, or diversion to Canada, of all civilian aircraft in U.S. airspace on
that day. Although a final or official tally of the loss of human life has not yet been made, it
is known that approximately 4,000 people, including 24 Canadians, perished in these
barbaric acts.
The terrorists aimed their hostilities directly at American symbols or centres of
commerce, military power and democratic office; however, it is more accurate to conclude
that it was the freedom of the democratic world that was under assault on that day.
Indeed, by no other means have so many innocent lives of peoples of different countries,
nationalities and faiths ever been lost in a single day, and never have so many families
and friends from across the globe been forever touched by terrorism.
Although the economic losses suffered cannot compare to the magnitude of
human losses, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Industry, Science and
Technology nevertheless feels that it is important to turn to the task of measuring the
economic impact on Canada of the September 11 events and ensuing bioterrorism
attacks. Recognizing that the Government of Canada has begun to take immediate
remedial action, the Committee’s work is intended to assist the federal government in
devising a coherent long-term plan for arresting the adverse economic shock set in
motion by these acts of violence and for responding effectively to the new security
threat. More specifically, the Committee’s mission is to anticipate the many, but
not necessarily obvious, economic consequences of terrorism and to counsel
governments, regulators and their agencies on how to effectively respond to the
post-September 11 security-conscious environment in a way that minimizes any further
adverse impacts on the Canadian economy.
With these objectives in mind, the Committee organized several intensive
meetings with many of Canada’s business leaders, representatives from industry
umbrella associations — the ones most directly affected by the economic shock that
followed the tragedy — and representatives from the United States. Their messages were
clear and forthright; interestingly, a general consensus was reached on the need for
increased military and anti-terrorist spending by the federal government that is financed
by reduced and deferred spending on lower priority items. Such a plan, it is believed,
would ensure that the Government of Canada does not fall back into deficit, thus restoring
consumer and investor confidence for a general economic recovery in early 2002. At the
same time, the message from the business community was clear that the adoption of new
security measures must not impede the flow of goods and people across the
Canada-U.S. border.
| would like to thank those who participated in our hearings process and who
shared their insights with us. | am confident that the public will agree that this report
reflects both its concerns and common Canadian values and priorities in the
post-September 11 security-conscious environment.
Finally, the Committee would like to dedicate this work to the memory of those who
lost their lives at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and in a field outside Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, on September 11, 2001.
LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS
nn UN AS ee ER ES Te 6
1. That the Government of Canada establish a high-level bilateral
ministerial summit between Canada and the United States on
border issues, spanning security, trade facilitation and immigration
concerns, with the objective of developing a comprehensive and
coordinated long-term management plan for Canada-U.S. border
crossings.
2. That the Government of Canada include, in its upcoming budget
Statement, plans with the United States regarding security, for
example, the coordination of immigration and customs policies,
procedures and information sharing, as well as the expected costs
of such initiatives.
3. That the Government of Canada develop and fund an infrastructure
program to improve the highways linking Canada’s existing border
crossings as well as modern off-site inspection areas and access
roads, and that these facilities and crossing points be equipped
with enhanced security technologies.
4. That the Government of Canada immediately implement, using the
best available technology, a comprehensive paperless pre-approval
system for all “just-in-time” commercial shipments.
5. That the Government of Canada, as part of its discussions and
negotiations with the United States, include the proposal to
conduct Canadian customs inspections in the United States and
U.S. inspections in Canada (“reversal of inspections”).
6. That the Government of Canada expedite discussions and
negotiations with the United States to reactivate modern customs
and immigration procedures, such as NEXUS, CANPASS and other
pre-approval programs, which may include biometric technologies
and the creation of shared-information systems.
7. That the Government of Canada’s upcoming budget provide for an
increase in customs and immigration personnel.
8. That the Government of Canada ensure that the Canadian Food
Inspection Agency, and other stakeholders responsible for
ensuring the safety and security of the food supply, receive
adequate resources to carry out their work. Resources should be
directed at all levels of the supply chain from production through
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
inspection and delivery of food. The expenditure associated with
these resources should not be subject to cost recovery.
That the Government of Canada carefully examine the viability of
Canada’s air transport industry.
That the Minister of Finance, in his next budget statement, confirm
national security and border trade as the Government of Canada’s
number one priority at this time and back this commitment with
needed expenditure initiatives.
That the Minister of Finance, in his next budget statement, confirm
the Government of Canada’s commitment to the five-year tax
reduction program it set out in Budget 2000.
That the Government of Canada continue a fiscal strategy of
developing a two-year rolling plan, backed by a contingency
reserve, using conservative economic assumptions to deliver a
federal budget that does not contemplate a return to a deficit.
That the Government of Canada continue the practice of retiring its
debt by an amount that is not less than the funds available in the
contingency reserve at the end of each fiscal year.
That the Government of Canada impose spending limits and, if
necessary, cutback on low-priority spending in the budget plan
should economic fundamentals weaken beyond expectations, or
should additional external shocks require greater-than-anticipated
national security spending, and begin to threaten the desired fiscal
balance.
That the Government of Canada work with the private sector and
community leaders to provide broadband services to areas of the
country that do not currently have broadband access on a
region-by-region basis. Regions to be connected first should be
those areas in which it is unlikely that the private sector, on its
own, will provide broadband services. In this manner, northern and
rural areas will not be disadvantaged any further.
That the Government of Canada consider increasing appropriations
to certain government departments, agencies and programs (the
Industrial Research Assistance Program, the Technology
Partnerships Canada program, the National Research Council of
Canada and the Canadian Space Agency), as described in the
Committee’s fifth report.
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001, on the United States, indirect
economic shocks to many business networks, airline
companies and airport infrastructure, travel agencies
and tourist centres have rippled from so-called
“Ground Zero” in the heart of New York City’s financial
district to the rest of the continental United States.
These shocks have also migrated northward and
across the border to Canada, eastward and across the
Atlantic Ocean to Europe, and have now made it to
the farthest reaches of the Asia-Pacific region.
Although each ripple has dissipated as it extends
further across the globe from its origin, it will be the
policy response to security concerns of each nation,
and their international institutions, that will ultimately
determine the perennial economic impacts of
international terrorism in the years to come. Moreover,
the economic consequences of these policy
responses will likely be shared more equally across
the world than the economic impacts directly
associated with the carnage of September 11 that
disproportionately fell upon the United States. This
fact will be particularly true of Canada, which, with the
U.S., partakes in the largest and most commercially
successful cross-border trade in the world. Indeed,
Canada-U.S. border issues need immediate attention
and satisfactory resolution.
This report is intended to assist the federal
government in devising a coherent long-term plan for
arresting the adverse economic shocks set in motion
by these desperate acts of violence and for
responding effectively to the new security threat. More
specifically, the Committee offers counsel to
governments, regulators and their agencies on how to
effectively respond to the post-September 11
security-conscious environment in a way that
minimizes any further adverse impacts on the
Canadian economy, in general, and on Canadian
industry, in particular.
INTRODUCTION
Canada’s number one trading
partner in the United Sates is
Michigan. Forty-three percent of
all U.S.-Canada trade passes
through the Michigan-Ontario
corridor. We also have the
busiest border crossings for both
commercial and passenger
vehicles. But the problems at our
border extend well beyond the
border communities, reaching
into the heartland of our two
nations. Thirty-eight U.S. states,
in addition to Puerto Rico, have
Canada as their primary trading
partner, and half of U.S. exports
to Canada are produced in
14 states. [Daniel J. Cherrin,
Detroit Regional Chamber of
Commerce, 47:12:15]
Since September 11, which was
a tragic day for humanity, the
U.S. has been almost totally
focused on security, while in
Canada our preoccupation has
been very much on trade as well.
Theirs, because security is
threatened; we, because of our
dependence on them in trade,
our trade is threatened. [Bill
Rowat, Railway Association of
Canada, 47:9:25]
In Chapter 1, the Committee examines estimates of the direct and indirect
economic impacts on Canada of the September 11 terrorist attacks, as presented to the
Committee by selected experts and to the public through the media by economists and
economic forecasting institutions. These estimates or impact assessments are
preliminary at best, but nevertheless it is clear from the data that the destruction of the
twin towers of the World Trade Center was significant in terms of New York City’s capital
stock, both physical and human, but was a very small percentage of the capital stock of
the U.S. as a whole. At the country level, the greatest economic impact was felt, not on
the supply-side of the economy, but on the demand-side, as consumer and investor
confidence, both in the U.S. and Canada, plummeted, thereby exacerbating an already
faltering North American economy. The economic downturn that began before
September 11 thus became more pronounced and will be more protracted than had been
originally forecast.
In Chapter 2, the Committee lays out the current predicament of the Canada-U.S.
border. With the relative shift in traffic of commercial cargo, and business and leisure
travellers from the east-west axis to the north-south axis of the continent in the wake of
the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA), insufficient capital investment in border
infrastructure and customs processing equipment has been identified as the primary
source of traffic delays at Canada’s more important border crossings. This situation
predates the September 11 terrorist attacks. Although such delays were grudgingly
tolerated before September 11, they have since soared to intolerable levels at a number
of border crossings with the new more intensive inspections undertaken by Canadian and
American officials. Despite much lower leisure traveller traffic levels and the presence of
the U.S. National Guard at the border, the adoption of more security-conscious customs
and immigration procedures are producing bottlenecks in commercial traffic. “Just-in-time”
manufacturing and delivery systems are being devastated, and the compensating — but
very costly — inventory build-ups are eating away at the razor-thin profit margins of
integrated North American companies, such as those of the automobile sector. The
Committee recommends a new approach and several targeted strategies for providing
national security, which will relieve pressure at the border. Congestion will also be
reduced with robust investment initiatives in state-of-the-art customs processing
equipment, highway access to the border, and border infrastructure. This chapter also
addresses the impact of the events of September 11 on the safety and security of
Canada’s food supply.
Chapter 3 addresses the immediate response of the Government of Canada and
its agencies to the events of September 11. These reactions include the stepped-up
anti-terrorist intelligence-gathering efforts of the Canada Security Intelligence Service
(CSIS); the introduction of Bill C-36, An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Official
Secrets Act, the Canada Evidence Act, the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act
and other Acts, and to enact measures respecting the registration of charities in order to
combat terrorism; procedural changes at the border instituted by the Canada Customs
and Revenue Agency (CCRA); a government offer of a $160 million compensation
package to the Canadian airline industry; the Bank of Canada’s interest rate reduction on
overnight chartered bank deposits at the central bank, given the pivotal role it plays in
influencing short-term interest rates on chartered bank loans to Canadians and Canadian
businesses and thereby stimulating aggregate demand; and, finally, the Minister of
Finance’s decision to table the federal budget in December 2001 rather than the
customary February period to immediately shore up and restore consumer and investor
confidence in Canada.
In the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks and what appears to be a
weak North American economy, new budget priorities are the order of the day. In
Chapter 4, the Committee provides the government with advice on what should be its
priority spending and taxation initiatives, favouring increased national security spending
and the adoption of a new “innovation agenda” while remaining committed to the five-year
planned tax cuts set out in the budget of 2000. The Committee’s approach, which
embodies conservative economic assumptions and a built-in contingency fund, is
compatible with the prevailing fiscal balance and debt management course, as well as
economic stabilization through lower interest rates under an easing of monetary policy.
The shift in the federal government's short-term priorities following the events of
September 11 may have an impact on spending in other government programs. In
Chapter 5, the Committee addresses the potential impact of the events of
September 11 on the federal government's ambitious “innovation agenda,” a long-term
program designed to help Canada become one of the most innovative economies in the
world. The Committee has been heavily involved in providing advice to the government
on how the transition to an innovation and knowledge-based economy can best be
achieved. In this chapter, the Committee encourages the government to preserve the
long-term objectives of its innovation agenda, but to closely examine the priorities and
timing of delivery of individual components given the new fiscal reality.
Finally, the Committee reassesses the immediate economic responses to the
terrorist shock, puts into context Canada’s present situation, and concludes by giving
direction to the government for arresting the terrorist threat without shackling Canadian
industry.
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CHAPTER 3: THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT’S
IMMEDIATE RESPONSE
The tragic events of September 11 are unique
and unprecedented. The economic forecasting
community cannot recall of a comparable event that
would serve as a good guide for projecting the severity
and the duration of the economic stimulus set in
motion on that day. This is precisely why caution must
be observed when evaluating the first chapter's
economic forecast. For the same reason, the
appropriate policy responses by the private sector and
governments are equally uncertain in such situations.
The impacts of natural disasters, such as that
of South Florida’s Hurricane Andrew in 1992,
resemble a terrorist attack because they too involve
the localized destruction of a country’s physical capital
stock. The major differences between the two events
being that a hurricane, as a natural phenomenon,
does not usually entail the loss of consumer and
investor confidence and could at least be partially
foreseen so that some preparations could be taken.
Criminal acts with a political or social dimension, like
the assassinations of the Kennedy brothers and
Martin Luther King Jr., are man-made disasters that
usually precipitate losses in consumer and investor
confidence and, as such, are also a close cousin of a
terrorist attack. Both these events share the
characteristic that their planning and implementation
were well concealed from the policing authorities and
the public, and their consequences could not
adequately be mitigated pre-emptively. The major
difference between these two events, of course, is that
an assassination does not entail a loss in the nation’s
productive capacity or physical capital stock.
After-the-fact responses have been the primary
means of dealing with crises brought on by terrorism
and they can be divided into two types: immediate
reactions, some of which are emergency responses
with some element of prior planning; and long-term
31
! would suggest ... that
Canadian enterprises have been
affected on three distinct levels,
each of which demands different
business and public policy
responses. First, there are the
one-time shock effects of the
terrorist attacks ... Second,
there are temporary, cyclical
effects of the economic
downturn ... Third, there are
persistent structural issues of
Canadian competitiveness;
problems that could be glossed
over in better times but are now
being brought to a head.
Travel-related industries were
the hardest hit by the shock
effects ... Governments moved
quickly to offer airlines
compensation for direct
event-related losses and to
provide back-up insurance for
airports. ...
The impact of lower interest
rates is not immediate, but it is
pervasive and it is powerful.
Monetary policy ... remains the
best way of easing the cyclical
problems facing Canadian
companies and consumers
alike. ...
Fiscal policy ... is not the best
means of combating the
temporary effects of the
economic cycle, but it will have
a profound impact on Canada’s
ability to deal with the structural
challenges facing Canadian
companies in a wide range of
industries. [Thomas d’Aquino,
Business Council on National
Issues, 47:10:40]
planned policy measures that are meant to correct the situation so that there is no
recurrence of such events.
This chapter deals with the former, but is limited to the economic responses that have
been mostly directed at providing compensation or restoring consumer and investor
confidence. The following chapters are left to assess the longer term responses, which
will be directed at stopping terrorist activities in the least intrusive way to commerce and
trade, as well as to human rights and freedoms.
Federal Government’s Response
The federal government responded immediately to the September 11 terrorist
attacks in a number of ways; responses of various kinds continue. In his appearance
before the Committee, Canada’s Industry Minister mentioned a number of actions or
steps that will lead to action, including financial compensation, taken so far by his Cabinet
colleagues. Here is a non-exhaustive list:
The important tax reductions announced [in October 2000] by my colleague, the
Honourable Paul Martin, along with other fiscal and adjustment measures
announced after September 11, such as infrastructure announcements and the
$160 million assistance package to the airline industry, will play an important role in
the medium-term economic recovery. There has also been a 90-day fixed backstop
insurance for airlines and airports and of course, a few days ago, a further
$75 million loan guarantee to Canada 2000 0.2
In addition, since September 11 the Bank of Canada has lowered its key policy
interest rates by 125 bases points for a total reduction of 300 basis points since the
beginning of the year. This brings interest rates to their lowest level since
1961 — 40 years. These cuts are intended to stimulate the economy by boosting
consumer and business confidence. ...
Since September 11 the government has announced new anti-terrorism measures
totalling $290 million, which brings our total new investment in policing and security
and intelligence to $1.8 billion since the 2000 budget. ...
In addition, the CCRA is to expedite the sharing of information with the United States
Customs Service and, of course, the Prime Minister has created the Cabinet ad hoc
committee on security. [The Honourable Brian Tobin, Minister of Industry, 44:8:40]
Other government decisions taken include:
Frain additional $20 million through the Canadian Tourism Commission to
kick-start travel of Canadians, and of Americans from bordering states, within
Canada; and
However, Canada 3000 has since filed for bankruptcy.
32
the Business Development Bank of Canada has been instructed to provide
qualifying customers the option of postponing principal repayment for up to four
fous particularly those engaged in tourism, transportation, wholesale and
exports.
The government further acknowledges that other industries will be seeking
compensation as a result of the closure of Canadian airspace in response to the events
of September 11, including Air Canada which has further requested loan guarantees on
its outstanding debt that it believes is no longer financially sustainable. So it has become
quite clear to the Committee that the immediate responses of the federal government
might end up costing the federal treasury almost $500 million, not including the lost tax
revenues resulting from a more depressed economic activity over the next fiscal year than
what would have been the case without the terrorist attacks.
Airline and Airport Measures and Government Compensation
When it became clear what was happening on September 11, Canadian airspace
was immediately closed to all but military, police and humanitarian flights. In the following
days, the Government of Canada gradually permitted the resumption of domestic,
trans-border and international flights, but normal service was delayed even as late as
Friday, September 14, as airline companies worked to reposition their aircraft, stranded
passengers and staff. Full airline service eventually came back on-line, but air traffic
plummeted and has remained at below-normai levels ever since. Box 3.1 provides a
chronology of decisions made by Canada’s Transport Minister for the month of
September.
Industry representatives claim that government compensation for the closed
airspace is justified on the basis that their costs cannot be avoided as fast or as easily as
their aircraft can be grounded:
[W]e are an industry which is faced with very high fixed costs. Our aircraft is the
single biggest fixed cost. Our supplier relationships and our union agreements build
in a lot of costs that are extremely difficult to manage in short-term cyclical
situations. The general rule of thumb in the industry is: when you try to save costs,
what you do is you park airplanes. You take capacity out of the system. ... But for
every 20% of capacity you take out of the system, you really only save 10%
because you have a huge ongoing cost ... regardless of whether you fly ... or park
the airplanes ... [Cliff Mackay, Air Transport Association of Canada, 47:9:15]
33
Box 3.1
Closure of Canadian Airspace: Sequence of Events
The following is a chronology of events and major related announcements following the closure of
airspace on September 11, 2001, in response to the terrorist attacks in the United States:
Tuesday, September 11
Immediately following the tragic events in the United States, Transport Minister David Collenette
declared that no commercial or private aircraft were allowed to depart Canadian airports until further
notice. The only exceptions were military, police and humanitarian flights.
The Canadian aviation system immediately began preparations to accept flights previously destined for
the United States that could no longer land in that country. At the time of the terrorist incidents,
approximately 500 aircraft were en route to North American airports. More than half these aircraft
returned to their points of departure; the remaining 226 continued on to various destinations across
Canada.
Security measures were also immediately taken at airports across the country, including evacuation of
some areas and deployment of police or security at key access points.
Wednesday, September 12
Minister Collenette announced the lifting of restrictions on domestic air travel within Canadian airspace,
and also announced that Canadian airports would operate under heightened security measures.
Diverted flights were then released for travel to their original destinations (flights to the U.S. still required
clearance from the Federal Aviation Administration).
Heightened security measures announced included increased police presence at major airports,
increased passenger screening and enhanced security procedures, including more hand searches of
baggage.
Thursday, September 13
Minister Collenette announced that restrictions on international, trans-border and private flights had
been lifted. Passenger flights to the U.S. not previously released were also allowed to resume, although
many airports in the United States remained closed to trans-border traffic.
Friday, September 14
The Minister removed restrictions imposed on cargo flights — the last of the flight restrictions imposed
in Canadian airspace on September 11, 2001.
The Minister emphasized that the return to normal flight operations in Canada continued to be a gradual
process. This was especially true for trans-border flights into the United States, where certain airports
remained closed.
Sunday, September 16
The last of the 226 flights diverted to Canadian airports was cleared to leave for its final destination.
Monday, September 17
Minister Collenette announced that cockpit doors on all Canadian airline passenger flights, domestic
and international, must be locked for the full duration of flights. Transport Canada is also working with
the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and other authorities to improve the security aspects of cockpit
design, in particular cockpit doors.
34
Saturday, September 22
a Collenette announced that the Government of Canada would provide a 90-day indemnity for
ird-party war and terrorism liabilities for essential aviation service operators in Canada to help ensure
aviation services can be maintained uninterrupted. This action was taken in response to the decision by
or insurers to no longer provide the required levels of war risk liability insurance previously in
Tuesday, September 25
Minister Collenette announced that Transport Canada is purchasing a quantity of new, advanced
explosives detection systems (EDS) for use at priority Canadian airports. These new systems will
supplement explosives detection systems already in use at Canadian airports.
Source: http://www.tc.gc.ca/releases/nat/01_h125e.htm
ade Industry spokespersons further argued that government compensation to
individual companies must take into account a number of factors such as:
[T]he operators in Canada are not operating in a homogeneous market. Just to give
you some examples, Air Transat is a leisure carrier. It operates strictly in the leisure
market and most of its flights are charter, as opposed to scheduled. It’s a matter of
public record that they are experiencing significant pressure, from a cash point of
view.
WestJet, on the other hand, a low-cost, no frills domestic carrier, with almost
exclusively short-haul flights, is doing reasonably well in very difficult market
circumstances. Its balance sheet is strong and it’s in a market niche which is not
anywhere nearly as challenged as some of the other markets that other carriers are
in.
First Air is another example of an airline that is weathering the storm well. It is a
regional carrier, primarily in the North, and has a good mix of cargo and passenger
facilities, with a relatively low cost structure and is doing reasonably well.
Air Canada, on the other hand, ... is facing very significant pressure on the demand
side. Fifty per cent of [its] business was in trans-border and international and that
market is not coming back. They have done major cuts and they are frankly having
to be very aggressive to try to reduce their cash requirements. [Cliff Mackay, Air
Transport Association of Canada, 47:9:25]
Transport Canada arrived at $160 million in compensation after an examination of
financial information provided by Canada’s largest carriers, supplemented by a sample
survey conducted by the Air Transport Association of Canada. This work placed losses
for the airline industry attributable to the closure of Canadian airspace at approximately
$150 million. The government's program also incorporates the cost of administering the
compensation and allows for the possibility of larger claims once a full accounting of
losses is done.
35
In terms of Air Canada’s request for a government loan guarantee, the Committee
agrees with the advice that the government should resist bailing out airline companies
suffering from structural rather than September 11-created problems.
There can be some targeted relief, perhaps, but [sJome people are hiding behind the
smoke of September 11. There were problems going into September 11. If there are
new demands on airlines perhaps on security measures and things, then yes but if
in terms of bailouts, the answer is no. [Catherine Swift, Canadian Federation of
Independent Business, 45:16:35]
However, the Committee is unsure at this time whether the government's
compensation offered to Air Canada, amounting to something more than $100 million,
along with Minister of Transport’s two recent decisions that directly affect the company’s
operations, is sufficient. These two decisions include the elimination of the capital
restriction on individual share ownership in the company to no more than 10% of its
outstanding stock and the freeing of the company from its job termination obligations
following its takeover of Canadian Airlines International Inc. Structural and September
11-created problems are not so easily disentangled. Moreover, although the industry was
mostly deregulated more than a decade ago (i.e., Canadian ownership restrictions still
apply) and the government wants private-sector solutions to these financial problems, a
government loan guarantee should not be dismissed out of hand. Indeed, it may be in the
public’s long-term interest to provide such a short-term solution; it may be all that is
required to ensure the viability of a Canadian-owned national airline company. The
Committee, therefore, recommends:
9. That the Government of Canada carefully examine the viability of
Canada’s air transport industry.
In light of the losses incurred by travel agencies, as described in the previous
chapter, industry representatives requested that the government establish a fund of
$20 million to which individual agencies could apply for compensation, based on their
volume of business during the same one-week period last year. This, they insist, would
not be a handout or bailout: “This is compensation for our customers being removed from
flights and put in places unknown, and then with us having to try to get them home”
[Randall Williams, Association of Canadian Travel Agents, 46:15:55].
A decision by the Minister of Transport is still pending.
Canada’s Anti-terrorist Plan
The Government of Canada almost immediately after September 11 adopted its
new Anti-terrorism Plan, which has four objectives:
e Stop terrorists from getting into Canada and protect Canadians from terrorist
acts;
36
Bring forward tools to identify, prosecute, convict and punish terrorists;
Prevent the Canada-U.S. border from being held hostage by terrorists and
adversely affecting the Canadian economy; and
Work with the international community to bring terrorists to justice and address
the root causes of such hatred.
This plan was provided legislative support with the introduction of Bill C-36, An Act
to amend the Criminal Code, the Official Secrets Act, the Canada Evidence Act, the
Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act and other Acts, and to enact measures
respecting the registration of charities in order to combat terrorism, to the House of
ni The Government of Canada then announced new initiatives that would
provide:
°__$10 million in new RCMP funding to increase airport security;
e $45 million in new funding to enhance integrated policing activities, improve
technology, increase protection services and enhance information sharing with
other government departments, as well as international and domestic law
enforcement agencies; and
e $9 million to be allocated annually for increased staffing in priority areas.
Together, these new funding initiatives will better equip security agencies to
identify and track down any terrorists already in Canada and to keep terrorists from
entering the country.
Monetary Policy
Chapter 1 describes two important economic impacts of the terrorist attacks: the
destruction or loss of capital stock, both physical and human; and the loss of consumer
and investor confidence arising from uncertainty about future terrorist and military events.
In economic terms, the former impact is best characterized as posing a supply-side
problem, while the latter is a demand-side problem. The destruction of capital stock, like
Hurricane Andrew of 1992 or the OPEC oil crisis of 1973, exerts upward pressure on
prices, but a loss in consumer confidence exerts the opposite influence on prices.
Because the latter impact is far more significant than the former in this case, rising
inflation is not a cause for concern, at least in the short run. Both problems, however,
unambiguously point to depressed economic activity, actually making the ongoing
slowdown much deeper and prolonged than it would otherwise be.
Times such as these dictate more financial liquidity through lower interest rates; a
positive economic stimulus is clearly in order. The Bank of Canada immediately realized
this situation and moved swiftly (by September 17), as did the U.S. Federal Reserve
37
Board (U.S. Fed), lowering its key Overnight Rate for chartered bank deposits by
1.5 percentage points to 3.5%.” As the Bank of Canada put it:
The tragic acts of terrorism in the United States on 11 September may pose
significant challenges to consumer and business confidence in the United States,
Canada, and elsewhere. Accordingly, the Bank is taking this action today [lowering
its target for the overnight rate by one-half of one percentage point to 3.5 per cent]
to underpin confidence and provide further support for economic growth in Canada.
The Bank’s decision to act outside of its normal schedule of announcement dates
reflects the need for prompt action to counteract potential effects on confidence in
the aftermath of the extraordinary events in the United States. [Bank of Canada,
News Release, September 17, 2001]
Both the U.S. Fed and the Bank of Canada continued this easing of monetary
policy such that Canada’s Overnight Rate, as of November 1, stands at 2.75%, the lowest
it has been in more than four decades.
Small business representatives are hoping that the chartered banks will pass on
these favourable credit conditions to small businesses and consumers:
One of the things we are concerned about, post-September 11, is a tightening, a
credit crunch. That's the worst thing that can happen at this time. We’re treating
this, what happened, similarly to what happened with the ice storm. We’ve written
the banks; we’ve written to Revenue Canada: lets not hurt cash flow, lets not
squeeze at this particular time. If there is a cashflow issue or if communities are
having hard times at the border, or if they're with trade and manufacturing and
they’re late in some of their remittances, let's give them a break ... [Garth Whyte,
Canadian Federation of Independent Business, 45:16:00]
The Committee is confident that the Bank of Canada’s strategy of lowering lending
rates will be successful in stimulating the economy and that we will see these lower
interest rates passed on to consumers and small and large businesses. The Committee is
concerned about the insensitivity of credit card interest rates to changes in the chartered
banks’ prime rates. The Committee will study these matters in a more detailed fashion
when it resumes its routine discussions with Canada’s chartered banks on small and
medium-sized business lending and banking practices.
The Committee, however, would caution people on the limits of monetary policy. In
the ordinary conduct of monetary policy, timing is important. The lag between an interest
rate cut and the positive economic stimulus it generates is usually thought to be six to
nine months. So the actions taken by the Bank of Canada since September will not
largely be felt until the second quarter of 2002 at the earliest. However, the Bank of
Canada had been lowering interest rates, by as much as 2.5 percentage points, between
2 E ‘
The target for the Overnight Rate is the Bank of Canada’s key policy interest rate. It is the appropriate policy
rate for international comparisons — for example, with the target for the federal funds rate in the United States
and with the two-week repo rate in the United Kingdom. The target for the overnight rate is the midpoint of a
50-basis-point operating band. The Bank Rate is the upper limit of this band.
38
January and September 2001 in order to stimulate spending. The prospects for economic
recovery Sometime in early 2002 are therefore good, assuming that consumers will again
join the spending treadmill and investment opportunities of the business sector are
Sufficiently sound to justify higher corporate debt loads.
Federal Budget Statement
The Minister of Finance has decided to table the federal budget in December 2001
rather than the customary February period to provide an immediate fiscal response to the
tragedy of September 11, 2001. A second benefit of an early budget — probably its more
important contribution in light of these tragic events — would be to immediately shore up
and restore consumer and investor confidence in Canada.
39
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CHAPTER 4: BUDGET PLANNING: SPENDING
PRIORITIES, TAXATION, AND FISCAL BALANCE
Economic Context of the December 2001 Budget
In the aftermath of the tragic events of
September 11 and an economic retrenchment that
threatens to become a recession, it is hard to believe
that just one year ago, when the most recent federal
budget was drawn up, the economy was moving at full
throttle, with a strong engine and a forecast of nothing
but open road ahead. At that time, virtually no one,
including the Department of Finance, was predicting
an economic downturn. Moreover, that a terrorist
attack on the North American continent was imminent
was also nowhere to be found on most policy-makers’
radar screen. Consider the Department of Finance’s
May 17, 2001, Economic Update. It recognized the
slowdown of the U.S. economy (but expected a
so-called “soft landing’ scenario) that would have a
restraining impact on the Canadian economy, but also
noted “a number of encouraging developments which
have helped to offset this weakness.” The Finance
Minister then predicted $7.2 billion and $7.6 billion
budget surpluses in fiscal years 2001-2002 and
2002-2003, respectively. The Finance Minister went
on to assure the Canadian public that:
The aforementioned numbers are derived from the
average of the total range of private sector
forecasts. Let me now use the average of the most
pessimistic of the private sector forecasts. Even
here — 1.8 per cent growth in 2001 and 2.9 per
cent growth in 2002 — the net impact would result
in an adjusted budgetary surplus of $6.2 billion this
year and $5.1 billion next year. In other words, a
despite the economic slowdown ... the $100 billion
in tax cuts is protected. And we will not fall back
into deficit. [Department of Finance Canada,
Economic Update, May 17, 2001, p. 10]
Clearly, the road to prosperity for Canada
became both curved and bumpy. The strong
economic fundamentals of a year ago have turned to
41
Clearly, in the wake of the
events of September 11 every
government in the world,
certainly the Government of
Canada, has had to pause and
had to reflect upon its priorities
in both the mid and long terms,
but in particular in the short
term. First and foremost, the
needs of governments
everywhere is to ensure security
of our citizens, to ensure the
security of our borders as well.
[The Honourable Brian Tobin,
Minister of Industry, 44:8:35]
/ would encourage the
government to see as an urgent
priority for taking concrete action
is to establish consumer,
investor and business
confidence, as well as a secure
and trade-efficient border.
[Jayson Myers, Manufacturers
and Exporters of Canada,
45:15:40]
weakness, and a recession may be looming. Indeed, Economy.com forecasts a
contraction in the Canadian economy of 0.2% (annualized) in the third quarter of 2001
(see Chapter 1) and should this also be the case in the fourth quarter, the Canadian
economy will meet the modern-day technical definition of a recession: negative growth
in the economy stretching two-quarters. So whether or not the revised forecasts of a
weaker economy suggest a deficit, trade-offs in the upcoming budget will have to be
made. The Committee now turns to these; rather than providing a detailed budget plan,
we will instead make recommendations on the approach to be taken.
Spending Priorities and Taxation
If the slowing Canadian economy did not usher in a new economic context and,
therefore, the need to set new budget priorities, the terrorist attacks of
September 11 certainly did. On this score, virtual unanimity amongst Canada’s business
leaders was obtained over what should be the Government of Canada’s number one
priority at this time: national security. Such a shift in priorities now obliges the government
to rearrange its budget accordingly.
[T]he Canadian government must now reassess its own fiscal plan to ensure that
the fundamental priorities of national and international security are met while
continuing to encourage the growth of a healthy Canadian economy and society.
[Elizabeth McDonald, Canadian Film and Television Production Association,
47:10:40]
There is hidden wisdom in the suggestion that security and economic growth are
complementary, where one objective enhances and reinforces the other. National security
is a public good in the traditional sense of the word; it is one manifestation of social
capital, which itself is an essential input into the economy. Indeed, increased security can
translate into less uncertainty, making commerce and trade more profitable. The business
community will readily admit that uncertainty is a condition that it actively seeks to avoid.
As the past two months have clearly demonstrated, insecurity brought on by terrorism,
real or perceived, can have an adverse impact on the economy through lost consumer
and investor confidence; it can also send powerful economies, such as those of the
United States and Canada, into a tailspin if left unchecked.
Armed with this knowledge, a number of business leaders were adamant that the
Government of Canada should push its new national security agenda forward. They even
offered specific actions in pursuit of this objective.
The first priority is that Canada must be inside a North American security perimeter
against terrorism and this is for our benefit, not for anybody else’s. | want Canada to
be the safest place to be in North America. There’s a side benefit to that, which is
that other people in North America will also safe. Secondly, Canada needs better
screening at our perimeter. Our screening must be the best. No one must be able to
say that we're playing second fiddle to that. Everyone must be able to say the
Canadian screening system is as good or better than anyone else’s and therefore
42
we can rely on the Canadian screenin S i
stem. [Gerald F
Manufacturers Association, 44:10:30] ie | mer me ne
pita sa us the federal government's new Anti-terrorism Plan and its decision to
AL i e selected QFOUDS arising from the September 11 terrorist attacks will be costly
0 tne treasury and will eat into the government’s current surplus, or lead to deficit if the
economy is much worse than perceived. A deficit is certainly not out of the question
anymore.
Above all, we expect that these current essential spending measures will eat up
most, if not all, of the current year surplus. In the absence of offsetting cuts and less
essential spending, these needs may well push the government into deficit in the
next fiscal year. The government may not be able to avoid the deficit for a year or
lee ethie what it does. [Thomas d’Aquino, Business Council on National Issues,
Despite national security and economic growth being complements in the longer
term, these objectives may be substitutes, or at least be forced to compete with each
other for funding, in the budget. Canada’s construction industry explained this in terms of
obvious productivity-improving infrastructure investments:
Often the first thing that goes when governments find their fiscal house somewhat
restrained or pressured is capital investments in roads, highways, sewage treatment
facilities, and water distribution systems. There are many reasons why this often
happens, probably because those investments are investments that may not show a
yield except for 20 or 25 years, and that’s a very long time. We are concerned that
the events of September 11 are causing some governments in Canada to divert
their attention away from what is a very ominous threatening problem in this country,
and that’s our infrastructure deficit. [Michael Atkinson, Canadian Construction
Association, 46:16:55]
However, the short-term budgetary trade-off between national security and
productivity-improving investments can be attenuated with sound financial planning, as
was expressed by a number of business leaders.
It continues to be the view of the Chamber that government spending priorities must
include those areas that can have a direct bearing on our competitiveness as a
nation. Resources put into security and building and maintaining critical
infrastructure should continue to be a government focus. Evidence also suggests
that successful investment in both physical capital, whether its machinery and
equipment, and human capital, whether it's education and training, as well as basic
research and development, are instrumental in raising productivity and overall
economic growth. Our submission further details the Chamber's recommendation on
how spending should be controlled by imposing an annual cap and by reallocating
from lower priorities. [Michael N. Murphy, Canadian Chamber of Commerce,
45:15:25]
43
This opinion was echoed by others, one of whom coupled this advice with issues
of reforming federal taxation and regulatory regimes with a view to improving Canadian
industrial competitiveness:
This is not a time for massive new spending programs. It is a time to reflect on how
we can spend existing resources more effectively. It is a time to look for ways to
reshape Canada’s tax structure to make our tax burden more competitive without
reducing revenue and it’s also a time to focus on regulatory issues that can have a
powerful impact on growth without the need for new spending. [Thomas d’Aquino,
Business Council on National Issues, 47:10:40]
Industry representatives, however, were steadfast in their support for the planned
tax cuts scheduled over the next five years. Indeed, some suggest that there may be
room for their widening and deepening across and within more sectors of the economy
over the longer term.
We also think the government should maintain its focus on achieving the
$100-billion-tax-cut program that was in that October 2000 Economic Statement.
We believe that those tax cuts should be extended to include the resource sectors.
[Gordon Peeling, Mining Association of Canada, 45:17:05]
And
We also believe that it is important for the Canadian government to reduce the
personal and corporate income tax burden in Canada, building on what has been
done by the government over the past few years. This has to be part of a long-term
strategy to retain both capital and human talent in Canada. We agree with others in
the Canadian business community that the government fiscal course has to be one
taken within a framework of fiscal prudence. [Chris Van Houtte, Aluminium
Association of Canada, 46:16:45]
For these reasons, the Committee recommends:
10. That the Minister of Finance, in his next budget statement, confirm
national security and border trade as the Government of Canada’s
number one priority at this time and back this commitment with
needed expenditure initiatives.
And
11. That the Minister of Finance, in his next budget statement, confirm
the Government of Canada’s commitment to the five-year tax
reduction program it set out in Budget 2000.
Fiscal Policy and Debt Management
Review of taxation issues and the government's spending priorities have become a
ritual of winter in Canada. Over the past few years, every February (last year excepted),
the Minister of Finance has set out the government's projected revenues and
44
expenditures — sometimes c
This statement contains an o
and also sets out fiscal poli
alled fiscal projections — and the resulting surplus or deficit.
verview of the government’s economic and fiscal projections,
cy for the period ahead. Key to this planning process is that
the government's adjustments in Spending and taxation priorities can be made in the light
of longer term trends and, thus, a long-term perspective can have a bearing on
tendencies to depart abruptly from the projected fiscal course.
Figure 4.1
Federal Government Budgetary Balance
and Financial Requirements/Surplus
(Public Accounts Basis}
20 billions of dollars
Financial requirements/surpius—___
~
Surplus
0er een
Budgetary balance
SO qqs RL NS NERDS SERRE, D
1961 1966- 187t- 1976- 1881- 1986- 1991- 1996- 2001-
1962 1967 197? 1977 1982 1987 1992 1987 2072
Source: Finance Canada, The Budget Plan 2000, February 28, 2000, p. 46.
l | tracted from last years budget
The two charts provided in this section are ex
statement. They are a graphic representation of the fiscal and debt management course
of past and current governments. From Figure 4.1, we observe that, after periods of large
deficits lasting through the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, the government has Ses
to fiscal balance. This much-improved performance aye meng ae Nan
sePriec - rolling plans backed by a conti
nt’s fiscal strategy of using two-year rollin backe ;
ee ie and in turn, provides much credibility to the Finance Minister's commitment that:
turn to deficits. The benefits of
nt is not prepared to risk a re
a a sa public finances — sustained economic growth, more jobs ane
Pb Moe: for Canadians — will not be put at risk. [Finance Canada, The
Budget Plan 2000, February 28, 2000, p. 45]
This chosen fiscal course is not simply the current government’s preference; it
enjoys wide support from the business community, large and small.
45
And
[T]he Chamber has produced a set of specific recommended proposals in the tax-
debt management and program spending areas ... They all are couched, in very
important terms with respect to fiscal conditions permitting. ... The underlying theme
of this principle, upon which our proposals are built, is a continued affirmation of the
very hard work of all Canadians, in the past several years, to move the country
away from deficit financing at the federal level. This achievement is now much too
important to abandon, and the members of the Chamber urge the government to
avoid a return to deficit financing. We believe this can be accomplished as we set
priorities for the country and keep a focus on overall Canadian prosperity.
[Michael N. Murphy, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, 45:15:25]
[Sltay the course. ... Right now the most important thing to do in our current
economic environment is maintain business and consumer confidence to the
maximum degree possible. All Canadians sacrificed a great deal to get rid of the
deficit and indeed start paying down debt. Going back into deficit, | believe, ... would
not be positive in the least to maintain confidence levels of Canadians generally and
not just in the business community. [Catherine Swift, Canadian Federation of
Independent Business, 45:15:50]
A commitment to not run a budget deficit, as in the present course, makes debt
retirement possible. In fact, the stock of federal public debt has declined by $35.8 billion
($17.1 billion in the past fiscal year alone) from its peak of $583.2 billion in 1996-1997 to
$547.4 billion in 2000-2001.° This pay down of debt represents an ongoing saving of
$2.5 billion each year in the form of lower interest payments to service the debt.
Moreover, the federal debt-to-GDP ratio has dropped to 51.8% in 2000-2001 from its
post-war peak of 70.7% in 1995-1996 (see Figure 4.2).
http://www.fin.gc.ca/news01/01-078e.html
46
Figure 4.2
Federal Debt-to-GDP Ratio
(Public Accounts Basis)
ag Pet cent of GDP
Net debt
ee
WG So Tm BS
EE
50 Re Te
SE We
: Market debt
40 Es
20 S >
20 ba
105
1961- 1965. 1971- 1876. 1881 1546.
1967 1987 1972 1577 1962 1987
Source: Finance Canada, The Budget Plan 2000, February 28, 2000, p. 48.
These debt-management developments have also received support from the
business sector: “We are very pleased and are very supportive of the government in
achieving a pay down of the debt. We indeed think that that should still remain a priority
for the government going into the future” [Gordon Peeling, Mining Association of Canada,
45:17:05]. Debt reduction continues to receive favour even under the current trying
circumstances.
It must reinforce the plan for debt reduction by clarifying the targets and making
stronger commitments to allocate funds for this purpose when surpluses are
available. It must limit spending to areas of the highest public priority, particularly
those that strengthen the economy and enhance Canada’s long-term international
competitiveness. Of course, we do realize that security and defence must be
factored into this. [Gordon Peeling, Mining Association of Canada, 45:17:05]
The Committee is convinced that the government’s current fiscal course has
provided more flexibility and maneuverability for dealing with unexpected shocks to the
economy, such as the September 11 terrorist attacks. The Committee, therefore,
recommends:
47
12. That the Government of Canada continue a fiscal strategy of
developing a two-year rolling plan, backed by a contingency
reserve, using conservative economic assumptions to deliver a
federal budget that does not contemplate a return to a deficit.
And
13. That the Government of Canada continue the practice of retiring
its debt by an amount that is not less than the funds available in
the contingency reserve at the end of each fiscal year.
Economic Stabilization and Fiscal Policy
Now that the Committee has established what it believes should be the
government’s spending and taxation priorities and has further recommended that we
continue on the current course of fiscal balance and debt reduction over the next two
years, we must address the issue of fiscal actions to be taken should plans go awry. One
example would be if the underlying economic assumptions of the budget plan do not
materialize or, more succinctly, if our economic fundamentals weaken further than
expected. A second example would be if we experience additional external shocks, such
as that of September 11, which would require greater-than-anticipated national security
spending. In these circumstances, we can take one of three alternative routes: (1) ratchet
up government spending to counteract depressed private spending; (2) continue as
planned and ride out the economic downturn; or (3) take immediate corrective action by
cutting back on budgeted expenditures of low-priority items to stay the course.
Some business advocates argued that additional fiscal stimulus to that which is
already planned would be excessive or would risk the credibility of the Finance Minister's
plan, which could possibly further weaken consumer and investor confidence.
In recent weeks we’ve heard a few scattered calls for massive fiscal stimulus as
well. At best, we believe this would be counter-productive; at worst, it would [be]
disastrous. First, consumers are benefiting already from the major tax cuts
announced by Finance Minister Paul Martin last year. Second, American experience
with tax rebates suggests that in the current environment most would be saved
rather than spent. Third, the new security-related expenditures the government must
make will, in themselves, have an overall stimulative effect. [Thomas d’Aquino,
Business Council on National Issues, 47:10:40]
Many industry representatives believe that the current monetary policy in Canada
and the United States, along with planned U.S. tax cuts and accelerated government
spending, are stimulus enough at this time.
On the fiscal front, tax stimulus introduced early this year at the federal and
provincial level will continue to work through the economy. Increased government
spending for security and defence is pending. South of the border fiscal stimulus
coming from the increase in U.S. government spending will also play a role in
spurring economic growth, including here in Canada. Thus the stage is set for the
48
Start of an economic recovery in Canada, possibly as early as the spring or summer
of next year, to Start. Our expectation, therefore, is for growth in 2002 to average
approximately 1.5%, virtually identical to the growth rate expected for our current
year.
IE
would be ill-timed to add to these monetary and fiscal initiatives ... a direct
government stimulus package. Such potentially large government spending
initiatives are not needed at this time, and indeed could be counter productive.
[Michael N. Murphy, Canadian Chamber of Commerce, 45:15:25]
The Committee agrees and recommends:
14.
That the Government of Canada impose spending limits and, if
necessary, cutback on low-priority spending in the budget plan
should economic fundamentals weaken beyond expectations, or
should additional external shocks require greater-than-anticipated
national security spending, and begin to threaten the desired
fiscal balance.
49
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CHAPTER 5: THE INNOVATION AGENDA
The Government of Canada’s innovation Agenda
One of the government’s highest priorities over
the past seven years has been the promotion of the
transition to an innovation and knowledge-based
economy. The last two throne speeches in particular
have highlighted the government’s so-called
“innovation agenda.” Prime Minister Chrétien, in his
response to the 2001 Speech from the Throne,
outlined the government’s plans to make Canada one
of the most innovative economies in the world. The
government has stressed that a major element in
achieving this goal is to ensure that Canada’s
research and development (R&D) effort per capita is
amongst the top five countries in the world (Canada is
currently in 15th place on OECD scales which
measure expenditure on R&D as a percentage of
GD):
The government's innovation plan, as
described in the government's response to the
Speech from the Throne, has five parts:
1. At least double the current federal
investment in R&D by the year 2010.
Increased investments will be made in the
Granting Councils, Genome Canada, the
Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and
government laboratories and institutions;
2. Work with the university community to assist
universities in securing the resources
necessary to fully benefit from federally
sponsored research activities;
3. Accelerate Canada’s ability to commercialize
research discoveries, and to turn them Into
new products and services,
4. Pursue a global strategy for Canadian
science and technology, supporting more
collaborative international research; and
51
| would strongly encourage the
government to proceed with a
forward-looking strategic
agenda that continues to be
centred on innovation and skills.
The priorities and the timing of
this agenda, however, must be
shaped to the times ...
[Thomas d’Aquino, Business
Council on National Issues,
47:10:45]
[W]ith respect to funding ... the
government can actually save
money by ... doing it on a
project by project basis,
particularly in the North where
you could use medical services
on-line for diagnostic purposes
and you can actually cut costs
. on health delivery ... over
broadband communications
system. ... [Linda Oliver,
Information Technology
Association of Canada,
47:12:00]
5. Work with the private sector to determine the best ways to make broadband
Internet access available to all communities in Canada by the year 2004.
Along with the emphasis on innovation, the government also stressed that the
success of the “new economy” depends greatly on human talent. As such, the
government also indicated that it would place increased resources into ensuring that
Canadians have the training and learning tools necessary to prosper in, and contribute to,
a knowledge-based economy.
Realizing the Innovation Agenda
The Committee has been at the forefront of promoting an innovation agenda. It
has released several reports since 1997 on issues related to R&D funding, innovation and
productivity, and made specific recommendations to the government on how the
transition to an innovation and knowledge-based economy can best be achieved.
The government has placed a great deal of resources into ensuring that its
innovation agenda produces tangible results. For example, in October 2000, the
arm’s-length National Broadband Task Force was established to advise the government
on how to best make high-speed, broadband Internet services available to businesses
and residents in all Canadian communities by the year 2004.* The Task Force delivered
its final report, The New National Dream: Networking the Nation for Broadband Access, to
the Minister of Industry, Brian Tobin, in June 2001. In its report, the Task Force
emphasized that high-speed broadband will provide the foundation for improved services
such as distance learning and tele-health and will give small businesses access to
broader markets. The report stresses that all Canadians should have equitable and
affordable access to broadband services, and that the government’s focus should be on
communities where the private sector is unlikely to deliver these services. It also noted
that First Nation, Inuit, rural, and remote communities should be a priority along with
public institutions (learning institutions, libraries, health care centres, and public access
points).
The federal government considers that the provision of broadband Internet
capacity is an urgent and high priority for the innovation economy. The provinces and
territories share this opinion. Federal, provincial and territorial ministers responsible for
research, science and technology met on September 21, 2001 to discuss principles of
action to speed up the transition to an innovation and knowledge-based economy:
[W]e had a unanimous declaration ... [from] every government of Canada — every
province, of every political — stripe saying: high-speed Internet access is one of the
defining characteristics and part of the necessary infrastructure of a modern
competitive economy. [The Honourable Brian Tobin, Minister of Industry, 44:9:20]
The Task Force defined high-speed broadband as a high capacity, two-way link between end-user and access
network suppliers capable of supporting full motion interactive video applications.
52
te me ohne government is working with provincial and territorial governments to
€ the objective of making Canada one of the most innovative countries in the world.
The government has also stressed the importance of the participation of the private
Sector in achieving this goal.
Costs of the Components of the Innovation Agenda
The national vision and strategy for, and cost of, realizing the innovation agenda is
to be detailed in a white paper that is expected to be tabled later this year or early next
year. Estimates of costs for implementing the various components of the agenda vary.
According to Statistics Canada, the federal government invested $3.71 billion in science
and technology R&D activities (for both intramural performance and extramural funding of
R&D) in fiscal year 1999-2000. Given that the government has pledged to double current
federal investment in R&D by the year 2010, the final investment would be in the range of
$7 billion per year.
In terms of the broadband component, the National Broadband Task Force
estimated the cost of providing broadband services to communities without such access
at between $1.3 and $1.9 billion. The Task Force estimated that a more ambitious plan
would cost approximately $4.5 billion. The Task Force suggests that these costs would be
shared with other stakeholders.
Impact of the Events of September 17
The events of September 11 have changed the short-term priorities of the
government. The government is now preoccupied with improving security measures at
ports of entry and introducing other counter-terrorism measures. Implementing these
measures will be expensive. The government has also made investments in other areas,
such as the airline and tourism industries, that were directly affected by the events of
September 11.
Increased security measures at the Canada-U.S. border have, unfortunately,
impeded the flow of commercial and passenger traffic between the two countries. These
delays are having negative consequences on Canadian industries. Maintaining a safe
border while ensuring the free flow of goods and people across the border has become
the government's main priority:
j ‘ be everybody's first priority, to
Securing access to Canada’s market has got to be bc
ADR inane ca engine of Canada going, IS our first priority. [The Honourable
Brian Tobin, Minister of Industry, 44:9:40]
ging short-term priorities will likely have impacts on
t programs, and the government must choose which
tnesses appearing at this series of hearings stressed
The government's chan
spending for other government pri
programs are the most important. Wi
53
that the government should not go back into deficit in order to fund all of its proposed
initiatives.
However, at the same time, witnesses suggested that the government should not
abandon its long-term policies and initiatives. In particular, many witnesses stressed that
the government’s plans for an innovation agenda should not be discarded, but that the
timing and exact priorities for this agenda may need to be altered to reflect the new fiscal
reality:
[VJery important to keep our eye on the longer term issues, the longer term priorities
of innovation and competitiveness, in fact, | would argue these are priorities that are
more important than ever before. Not just research and development and skills and
tax reform and regulatory reform, but also encouraging companies now to manage
their businesses in a much more innovative way is going to be extremely important
simply to survive the next few months let alone to prosper in the future ... [Jayson
Myers, Manufacturers and Exporters of Canada, 45:15:40]
For the broadband initiative in particular, witnesses pointed out that the “roll-out”
plan, and thus the cost, could be spread out over a number of years:
I’m not quite sure how the broadband task force had proposed to roll it out, but |
know that it can be rolled out regionally ... it doesn't all have to be done in the same
year ... Our suggestion is to look at the north first, because it’s an obvious winner, in
terms of government and spending priorities and achieving some objectives for
delivery of medical services ... So our recommendation would be to take it in
bite-sized pieces, to start, to accomplish something each year, and to live up to the
commitment that the government has made. [Lynda Oliver, Information Technology
Association of Canada, 47:12:10]
Although witnesses expressed support for the principle of maintaining an
innovation agenda, some witnesses questioned whether the federal government should
be investing in the expansion of broadband access to all parts of Canada:
[T]his is an example of the question we asked our members ... should governments
pay for expansion of high speed Internet capacity?... almost three-quarters of our
members are not in favour of that particular initiative. [Catherine Swift, Canadian
Federation of Independent Business, 45:15:50]
The Committee is very supportive of the overall federal innovation agenda, but
understands that the costs and timing of the initiative may not be immune to the impact of
shifting priorities towards Canada’s increased security needs. In terms of the broadband
component, the Committee recognizes that given the events of September 11, the goal of
making high-speed broadband Internet services available to all Canadians by 2004 will be
challenging. However, the Committee feels that every reasonable effort should be made
to achieve this objective with a minimum of compromise. The Committee therefore
recommends:
54
15. That the Government of Canada work with the private sector and
community leaders to provide broadband services to areas of the
couniry that do not currently have broadband access on a
region-by-region basis. Regions to be connected first should be
those areas in which it is unlikely that the private sector, on its
own, will provide broadband services. In this manner, northern
and rural areas will not be disadvantaged any further.
The Committee urges the government to consider the recommendations made in
the Committee’s fifth report, A Canadian Innovation Agenda for the Twenty-First Century,
to increase funding to certain areas of the country’s innovation framework that are in
immediate need of funds. This injection of funds would serve as an economic stimulus.
As such, the Committee recommends:
16. That the Government of Canada consider increasing
appropriations to certain government departments, agencies and
programs (the Industrial Research Assistance Program, the
Technology Partnerships Canada program, the National Research
Council of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency), as described
in the Committee’s fifth report.
55
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The terrorist attacks on New York City
and Washington, D.C., and the foiled attack that
led tothe downed plane outside Pittsburgh on
September 11 were not only devastating to those who
lost their lives, family and loved ones. They were a
tragedy for all who believe in a free, democratic and
civil society. Their destructive force extended beyond
their impact sites, shaking consumer and investor
confidence throughout North America and, in turn,
propelling an already weak economy further
downward. Structural problems in the airline sector
and long-time underresourced Canada-U.S. border
crossings that had been ignored became immediately
exposed.
The government needs to make national
security and border trade its prime focus and its first
priority in the upcoming budget. Clearly, a more
strategic approach to national security must be
adopted. Such an approach involves’ more
cooperation within North America; it also involves
significant investments in more advanced
technologies and infrastructure for customs and
immigration control. There will be a hefty price tag
associated with these long-term responses, but
national security objectives can be met without
sacrificing the government's planned tax cuts over the
next five years or the “innovation agenda” to be rolled
out over the next decade. The sound fiscal policy
course set by the Government of Canada over the
past several years, along with credible and well-timed
monetary policy, has left Canada’s financial books in
good shape and resilient enough to weather the
terrorist shock.
The Committee’s recommendations, we
believe, offer timely counsel to the Government of
Canada and its agencies on how to effectively
respond to the post-September 11 security-conscious
environment in a way that minimizes any further
adverse impacts on the Canadian economy. These
57
In times of crisis and confu-
sion, unit of purpose and clarity
of message are essential.
Canada’s efforts must proceed
vigorously and visibly, because
even the perception that the
border might become a more
serious barrier will begin
influencing business decisions
now, decisions about which
plants to close, decisions about
where new plants will be built.
Whatever else we do to improve
the business environment in
Canada will be undone if we
ever allow the 49th parallel to be
seen as an impediment to trade
and investment over time.
[Thomas d’Aquino, Business
Council on National Issues,
47:10:45]
| think we just have to move
forward — business as usual,
both in our business and our
personal lives. ... [GJovernments
at any level, ... they too should
move forward— Plan for the
best and prepare for the worst.
But standing still should not be
an option. [Garth Whyte,
Canadian Federation of
Independent Business,
46:16:05]
recommendations also advise the government to take bold action in resolving perennial
problems of Canada-U.S. border crossings, suggesting a number of critical investments
to be made in access infrastructure and highways, and state-of-the-art customs and
immigration control equipment, the hiring of new personnel, and the adoption of modern
and more strategic customs and immigration procedures. Greater Canada-U.S.
cooperation on all of these fronts is also seen as vital to our success in providing
national security, as well as economic security, to Canadians in these security-
conscious times.
The Government of Canada must work to eliminate any real or perceived border
problems in order that Canada continues to be one of the world’s safest countries to
invest in, to trade with and to visit. Canada needs to ensure that the flow of goods and
people across the Canada-U.S. border is not impeded by the adoption of new security
measures. The recommendations detailed in this report are intended to make the border
more secure and more trade efficient than ever.
58
APPENDIX A
LIST OF WITNESSES AND BRIEFS
Associations and Individuals
Date
Meeting
Air Transport Association of Canada
J. Clifford Mackay, President and Chief Executive Officer
Warren Everson, Vice-President
Aluminium Association of Canada
Chris Van Houtte, President
Association of Canadian Travel Agents
Randall Williams, President and Chief Executive Officer
Association of International Automobile Manufacturers
of Canada
Robert Armstrong, President
Stephen Beatty, Vice-President, Corporate Affairs,
Toyota Canada Inc.
Art Thomas, Senior Manager, Corporate Affairs,
Honda Canada Inc.
Automotive Parts Manufacturer’s Association
Gerald Fedchun, President
Business Council on National Issues
Thomas d'Aquino, President and Chief Executive Officer
Sam Boutziouvis, Vice-President, International Trade and
Global Economics
David Stewart-Patterson, Senior Vice-President, Policy and
Communications
Canadian Chamber of Commerce (The)
Robert Keyes, Senior Vice-President, International Division
Michael Murphy, Senior Vice-President, Policy
59
01/11/2001
31/10/2001
31/10/2001
30/10/2001
30/10/2001
01/11/2001
30/10/30
47
46
46
44
dé
47
45
Associations and Individuals
Canadian Construction Association
Michael Atkinson, President
Jeff Morrison, Director of Communications
Canadian Federation of Agriculture
Robert Friesen, President
Brigitte Rivard, Executive Director
Jennifer Fellows, Farm Policy Analyst
Canadian Federation of Independent Business
Catherine Swift, President & Chief Executive Officer
Garth Whyte, Senior Vice-President, National Affairs
Canadian Film and Television Production Association
Elizabeth McDonald, President and Chief Executive Officer
Canadian Manufacturers and Exporters
Jayson Myers, Senior Vice-President and Chief Economist
Canadian Restaurant and Food Services Association
Joyce Reynolds, Senior Director, Government Affairs
Canadian Steel Producers’ Association
Barry Lacombe, President
Donald Belch, Director, Government Relations
Canadian Trucking Alliance
Ron Lennox, Vice-President, Regulatory Affairs
David Bradley, Chief Executive Officer
60
Date Meeting
31/10/2001 46
01/112001 47
30/10/2001 45
01/11/2001 47
30/10/2001 45
31/10/2001 46
30/10/2001 45
01/11/2001 47
Associations and Individuals Date
Meeting
Canadian Vehi , iat
ehicle Manufacturers’ Association 30/10/2001 44
Mark Nantais, President
Doug Jure, Special Advisor, Daimler-Chrysler Canada
Michael Sheridan, Manager, Government Relations, Ford
Motors of Canada Ltd
*Celeris Aerospace Canada Inc.
Steve Hall, President
Customs Excise Union 06/11/2001 49
Serge Charette, National President
Detroit Regional Chamber of Commerce 01/11/2001 47
Daniel Cherrin, Director of Public Policy
Detroit Windsor Tunnel Corporation 01/11/2001 47
Gordon Jarvis, Director
Hotel Association of Canada 31/10/2001 46
Anthony P. Pollard, President
Industry Canada 30/10/2001 44
The Honourable Brian Tobin, Minister of Industry
Andrei Sulzenko, Senior Assistant Deputy Minister,
Policy Sector
Information Technology Association of Canada 01/112001 AT
Pierre Boucher, Vice-President, Customer Advocacy Entrust
Linda Oliver, Executive Director, Government Relations
* Did not appear/brief only
61
Associations and Individuals
Date
Meeting
Mining Association of Canada
Gordon Peeling, President and Chief Executive Officer
Dan Paszkowski, Vice-President, Economic Affairs
Railway Association of Canada
Bill Rowat, President
Bill Fox, Senior Vice-President, Public Affairs,
Canadian National Railway
Dennis Apedaile, Senior Advisor, Government Affairs,
Canadian Pacific Railways
Paul Côté, Chief Operating Officer, Via Rail Canada
Retail Council of Canada
Peter Woolford, Senior Vice-President, Policy
Tourism Industry Association of Canada
Gerry Macies, Director
62
30/10/2001
01/11/2001
06/11/2001
31/10/2001
45
47
49
46
REQUEST FOR GOVERNMENT RESPONSE
Pursuant to Standing Order 109, the Committee requests that the government table a
comprehensive response to this report within one hundred and fifty (150) days.
À copy of the relevant Minutes of Proceedings of the Standing Committee on Industry,
Science and Technology (Meetings Nos. 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 52 and 53 which includes this
report) is tabled.
Respectfully submitted,
Susan Whelan, M.P.
Essex
Chair
63
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Canadian Alliance Dissenting Report
November 23, 2001
Introduction
The Canadian Alliance was deeply disturbed by the horrific acts of terrorism against the
United States witnessed by the world on September 11, 2001. We recognize how
profoundly the U.S. has been affected by these tragedies, and that as a result
Canadians have been drawn closer to our southern neighbours. Furthermore, although
North America was experiencing the beginnings of an economic slow-down prior to
September 11, national priorities have changed significantly as security matters have
become so much more important.
The Standing Committee on Industry Science & Technology's report on the Economic
Impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States provides a good
overview of the situation facing Canadian industry. However, the Official Opposition
believes that testimony provided by the witnesses regarding U.S. security concerns and
the implementation of the Liberal Innovation Agenda was not accurately reflected in the
report.
The Canada-U.S. Border
The Canadian Alliance welcomes the report's recommendations for high-level
negotiations on the border issue and for post-September 11 security plans to be
outlined in the upcoming federal budget. However, we feel that the report does not
capture the importance of addressing U.S. security concerns, which was stressed by
witness after witness.
"| think the clear issue here is that the U.S. isn't much interested in talking about the
economic impacts of September 11. They're interested in talking about the security
impacts of September 11." |
- Stephen Beatty (Vice President, Corporate Affairs, Toyota Canada
Inc, Association of International Manufacturers of Canada)
"Our attention needs to be focused on ensuring security and providing the U.S. with
confidence in Canadian actions while at the same time ensuring that U.S. action to
address the consequences of September 11 do not result in border delays potentially
; anadian investment and jobs in Canada. ¥ eh
or Barry Lacombe (President, Canadian Steel Producers Association)
The Committee report appears to suggest that although the border was a big ieee:
during the early post-September 11 period, it has since te to er ps
recommendations to build more infrastructure such as me bri oa ee ea ee
hire more customs officials fail to understand the overriding theme o y:
65
U.S. security concerns must be addressed and in a proactive manner. The failure of the
U.S. to reinitiate the CANPASS system more than two months after the terrorist attacks
is testament to American unease regarding facilitating access through its northern
border.
"The immediate reaction from Canadian officials was that the situation [at the border]
would return to normal very quickly. What is even more surprising is that some still
believe that this is the case."
Serge Charette (National President, Customs Excise Union)
This is not a time to be complacent and witnesses before the committee were clear that
leadership from the federal government is required for this issue to move forward. In
fact, the upcoming negotiations on the Canada-U.S. border may be an opportunity to
build on NAFTA and make further advancements on continental co-operation. The
Canadian Alliance, however, is concerned that the Liberal anti-American tradition and
misguided fears of losing sovereignty will send mixed signals to our southern neighbour
to the detriment of the Canadian economy.
"The real loss of sovereignty, in our view, will come from having the U.S. decide
unilaterally what the border should look like."
David Bradley (Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Trucking Alliance)
Recommendation One: The Canadian Alliance recommends that the federal
government take a leadership role and embrace this opportunity to create cross-border
cooperation that will satisfy the security and economic concerns of both countries.
Reality Check: The Innovation and Security in Perspective.
The Official Opposition is concerned about the Minister of Industry’s approach to the
so-called innovation agenda, and in particular the broadband strategy. The only
witnesses who expressly supported an immediate post-September 11 implementation
of the recommendations of the National Broadband Taskforce were the Minister of
Industry and Ms. Linda Oliver representing the Information Technology Association of
Canada.
However, many other witnesses testified that since the events of September 11, the
priorities for government spending have changed, partially due to the new security
requirements and the fact that North America is facing an economic slowdown.
Allocating billions of dollars simply to increase the speed of Internet connections in
Canada should not be a priority at this time.
66
| eae rie encourage the government to proceed with a forward looking strategic
agenda that continues to be centred on innovation and skills. The priorities and timing
of this agenda, however, must be shaped to the times. This is not a time for massive
new spending programs.”
Thomas d’Aquino (President and CEO, Business Council on
National Issues)
The Canadian Alliance also believes that the Minister's entire innovation agenda should
be brought to the Standing Committee on Industry, Science & Technology in draft form.
The Committee heard a number of witnesses who indicated that while they were
encouraged by the concept of an innovation agenda, they would approach its method of
delivery differently.
‘In terms of the so-called innovation productivity initiatives that have been mentioned
already, our members also feel, naturally, one cannot abandon this or neglect it as we
go forward but we have proposed for some time now, and we're reiterating today, a
number of low-cost initiatives that we can work on to achieve it. It seems whenever we
hear about some of these innovation programs they have fairly hefty price tags
attached to them."
Catherine Swift (President and CEO of the Canadian Federation of
Independent Business
Therefore, the Canadian alliance has two more recommendations specific to the Liberal
Innovation Agenda:
Recommendation Two: That the broadband strategy be delayed and reworked to
more accurately reflect the priorities of Canadians.
Recommendation Three: That the Minister of Industry immediately present the
Standing Committee on Industry, Science & Technology a draft of the so-called
Innovation Agenda.
The Standing Committee on Industry, Science & Technology Canadian Alliance
Members
Charlie Penson, Industry Critic 5
James Rajotte, Deputy Industry Critic
67
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Bloc Québécois Dissenting Opinion
gene the Bloc Québécois supports most of the observations and recommendations in
this report by the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, it cannot
endorse the report as a whole, because the Committee notably refused to tackle the
problem of lack of budgetary transparency. Three recommendations seem to be
particularly problematic in this regard.
We also wish to add here remarks underlining the necessity for the federal government
to Invest to revitalize the economy, while taking Quebec's prerogatives into account.
Recommendation 11. — Confirmation of the five-year tax reduction program
The Bloc Québécois believes that a balanced budgetary approach must allow for tax
reductions, and these reductions must be targeted. But the federal Finance Minister’s
tax reduction program does not correspond to this requirement.
The Bloc Québécois would have liked the Committee to urge the Finance Minister to
acknowledge the harmful effects of the decisions he has made so far on reduction of
the personal income tax burden. Let us recall that the Minister ordered cuts in income
and other taxes that targeted very high income earners in particular. As a result of
Mr Martins two most recent budgets, Canadians with incomes of more than
$250,000 have enjoyed over $9,000 in income tax reductions, while families with
incomes in the neighbourhood of $40,000 have seen their income tax go down by
scarcely $300.
The large surpluses that have been built up in recent years could have been used to
give immediate relief to families with incomes of $40,000 and less, particularly
single-parent families with two dependent children. Such families should have been
exempt from the obligation to pay a single penny of income tax to the federal
government, if the federal government had allowed itself to be guided by a concern for
ensuring a certain balance in society rather than by a desire to hand out tax cuts that
were primarily a gift for the highest income earners.
Recommendation 12. — Contingency reserve
Sbécoi lutely necessary but
In the view of the Bloc Québécois, budgetary prudence Is abso
transparency is even more necessary. But the trend that the budget process in Ottawa
has perversely taken has been to transform transparency into a tool for camouflage for
the government rather than for information for the people on the state of the federal
public finances.
t has accumulated budget surpluses worth on the
should have been delighted to see the government
s, we had instead reason for
Since 1996, the federal governmen
order of $35 billion. While everyone ave
committed to sound management of public finance
69
concern, as we watched the federal government demonstrate its chronic, even
deliberate, inability to present realistic and credible budget estimates. For almost 20
years, successive governments in Ottawa have exaggerated the extent of their
anticipated deficits, by inflated them artificially, or underestimated the size of their
surpluses as the present government is doing. The present government has thus
deliberately excluded from any public debate almost $60 billion of manoeuvring room
that the Bloc Québécois, even though we have fewer means at our disposal, has been
able to estimate much more accurately. This situation has also helped to accentuate
dramatically the current fiscal imbalance with the provinces.
While blurring the true portrait of Canada’s public finances in this way, the federal
government has also withdrawn substantial financial resources that could otherwise
have been allocated to priorities identified by the people, notably through transfer
payments for health and education. In this era of surpluses, and because its accounting
rules oblige it to do so after a certain time, the federal government must allocate all of
its “unforeseen” surpluses to paying down the national debt, which is simply one priority
among others.
It is thus vital that the budget process be made more transparent. Prudent management
is of course required, with a view to a healthy and balanced budget, but prudence must
not be exercised at the expense of the quality of information provided to the people,
particularly if that prudence is based on deliberate blindness to reality. It is important to
note that we are not opposed to a contingency reserve, but we believe in a budget
process that would for example provide for the analysis of revenue and expenditure
growth hypotheses by an independent committee.
Recommendation 16. — Funding for certain innovative sectors
The Bloc Québécois recognizes the importance of innovation. In its platform for the
election of November 27, 2000, the Bloc placed great emphasis on the sector
commonly known as the “new economy” — in other words, an economic order built
around development and the use of new technologies, especially the so-called
information technologies. This new economic order is one in which education and
training, technological innovation and research and development are increasingly
coming to occupy a dominant position. Many people would agree that economic
prosperity will from now on be closely linked to the development of the new economy.
However, we believe that federal investment in the sectors of science, innovation and
research and development must respect the needs and priorities defined by the
provinces, and by Quebec in particular. We therefore want to see funding transfers in
these sectors that respect the innovation framework chosen by Quebeckers.
Lastly, we consider that federal investment in innovation must reflect Quebec's
demographic weight, contrary to the usual situation in which Quebec is clearly
disadvantaged. Federal investment in research and development, on in fixed assets
and stocks is a case in point: in 1998, for fixes assets and stocks, for example, Quebec
70
received only 17.7%
of all federal investment, while it i
Canadian population. ile it is home to almost 25% of the
Recommendation 1. — Bilateral ministerial Summit on immigration
Quebeckers consider that control of immigration is an essential tool to Quebec’s
development and prosperity. We therefore feel that the Quebec government would not
be contented to watch from the sidelines, and that it must be invited to participate
actively in the negotiations with the United States about immigration procedures.
Assistance for industries affected by the tragic events of September 11
The Bloc Québécois would have liked the Committee to display more openness to
possible federal government assistance for the sectors that were especially hard hit by
the tragic events of September 11. Travel agencies and airlines, which are closely
intertwined, have asked for help from Ottawa. The economic stabilization plan proposed
by the Bloc Québécois in October included, among other provisions, a series of
proposals aimed at supporting the airline industry and employment in sectors hit by the
general uncertainty and gloom.
It is our contention, however, that businesses should be compensated for problems
linked to the event of September 11 and not for pre-existing management or structural
problems. Consequently, companies that would like to benefit from federal government
support should be prepared to have the latter examine their financial statements and
organizational structure. We further believe that assistance must be provided uniformly
to all the members of the same industry that request it, and that this assistance, in the
case of airlines, must take the form of loan guarantees rather than direct cash transfers.
The Bloc’s stabilization plan is both balanced and responsible. It takes into account the
federal budget surpluses and the need to oxygenate and stimulate the economy.
In this dissenting opinion, the Bloc Quebécois is speaking for a consensus of
Quebeckers, who are in favour of transparent budget planning, respect for Quebec's
areas of jurisdiction, and vigorous government intervention to revitalize the economy.
Stéphane Bergeron
MP for Verchères—Les Patriotes and A
Bloc Québécois Industry, Science and Technology Critic
71
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Progressive Conservative Democratic
Representative Coalition
Dissenting Opinion
The Majority Report is a good overview of the general economic impact felt by
Canadian industry as a result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United
States. Some of its recommendations, especially for high-level bilateral meetings between
the US. and Canada, are easily supported and long overdue. Other items, including
scaling back the Minister of Industry’s broadband expansion plans are simply a reflection
of the new budgetary reality. This advice, however, seems to contradict other
recommendations that would increase appropriations, something we feel is unacceptable
at this time. In addition, some of the other recommendations are too unspecific to force
the government to act in the best interests of the Canadian economy. As a consequence,
the PC-DR Coalition is submitting this minority report.
Some of the greatest fears in the business community today rest on the worry that
stricter border rules will slow economic movement to unprofitable levels. If Canada does
not have a clear plan to strengthen border reliability for trade and transport, the United
States will impose a "Made in America" system of border control. The Canadian way is to
take initiatives, to make proposals, and persuade the superpower next door. The
government must not sit on its hands and risk hurting the sovereignty and economic
viability of Canada.
Public Protection and Border Management Initiative
Therefore, the PC-DR Coalition developed a specific plan, and while it’s open for
discussion, it contains three detailed ideas that would protect the lives and property of
Canadians, ensure the efficient and secure movement of goods and people into and out
of Canada and protect the rights of Canadians. We submit it to the government for its
response and implementation:
1. Creation of a new Ministry to be called the Ministry of Public Protection and
Border Management, which will take responsibility for the following agencies:
e Customs Agency
e Immigration (Border Inspection Officers)
e CSIS
e RCMP
e Coast Guard
e Are-established Ports Police
Communication Security Establishment (Counter-Terrorist Section)
73
Office of Critical Infrastructure Protection and Emergency Preparedness
The Mandate of the Ministry will be:
To protect the lives and property of Canadian citizens;
Prevent the entry of inadmissible individuals and goods into Canada;
Ensure the free and efficient flow of legitimate travellers and goods into and out
of Canada;
Enforce the laws of Canada; and
Co-operate with foreign agencies to detect and prevent terrorist activities and
apprehend foreign and domestic terrorists.
2. Creation of a bi-national (or tri-national) border management agency.
Staffed jointly by representatives of the Ministry of Public Protection and Border
Management, their American (and Mexican) counterparts, the agency would
monitor the entry of goods and people into and out of the North American
continent and across the Canada-US (and US-Mexico) border(s).
The agency would maintain a computer system that would monitor the arrival
and departure of individuals and goods to and from the continent and across
the Canada-US (and US-Mexico) border(s).
Low-risk individuals who wish to participate in an automated pre-clearance
program will be issued with an interactive identification card that can be utilized
at any airport, seaport or land crossing on the continent, that would expedite
their travel with minimal delay.
Low-risk companies that wish to participate in an automated pre-clearance
program will be permitted to utilize standardized Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS) technology to ensure that these goods are expedited with
minimal delay.
Through the use of mutually agreed standards and the secondment of
personnel to their sister agencies, ensure that the most intense scrutiny of
goods occurs as they enter the continent and avoid duplication of effort when
goods transit land border crossings.
Where practicable, the agency would provide pre-clearance of airline
passengers overseas.
Working with the appropriate federal, provincial and state officials, the agency
would ensure that there is appropriate infrastructure at airports, seaports and
land crossings, to separate low-risk, pre-cleared individuals and goods, from
those that are not.
74
3. Creation of new Parliamentary Oversight Committee
To ensure that the rights of Canadians are protected, oversight of this new
ministry and the new anti-terrorist measures contained in Bill C-36 would be
provided by a new parliamentary committee.
All members of this committee would either be sworn into the Privy Council or
ra 2 additional oath of secrecy, that would give them access to classified
material.
Members of this committee would not be allowed to discuss classified material
outside the committee, even with their caucus colleagues.
During in camera meetings, Ministers and representatives of Ministerial
agencies would be required to answer almost all questions from committee
members.
Exceptions would include source identification and third party information.
Committee would also have power to review agency budgets in detail.
Committee would provide non-classified reports to the House.
These recommendations, while not cast in stone, are the specific and detailed
measures the government should introduce to protect Canada’s border and ensure the
efficient passage of goods and services between Canada and the United States. At a
time when Canadians are waiting for us to act in their best interests, we need solid, clear
and precise action that will protect Canadian sovereignty and improve economic
performance. The PC-DR coalition’s recommendations provide a good start for that
necessary action.
75
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